【篇一】2021年6月英語四級考試閱讀理解
By 1970, according to a World Wildlife Fund report, only about 4,500 tigers survived throughout the world-half of them in India. Mr. Foresters, who followed and counted tiger footprints, estimated that in May 1972 only about 1,800 tigers existed in India. Project Tiger Supported by W.W.F. was immediately launched. Nine tiger reserves(保留地) were created, with armed guards protecting them.
The project provided opportunities for researchers from India and abroad to study tigers in the reserves and gather previously unavailable information about their habits. Studies show that a male tiger may control a hunting territory of between 10 and 20 square kilometers, depending on its age, size and strength. Theterritory of male includes the smaller territories(領(lǐng)地) of three or four tigresses. A tiger marks the boundaries of its territories by spraying urine and other bodily liquids on bushes. But it tries to avoid territorial fights, being guided by the distinctive body smell of other tigers. Tigers fight to death only when a tigress is defending her young, or when a tiger is guarding a tigress from the attentions of other males.
The popular image of the tiger is that of a merciless and unconquerable hunter. But studies show that it catches only one of 20 victims it tries to attack.
Fears have recently developed that Project Tiger has been too successful. It has enabled the tiger population to double (by mid-80 S), but India"s human population has also grown out of control. Currently it is 750 million and likely to be 900 million by the end of the century. Land problem is becoming serious and many rural people feel bitter about the fact that some rich forests are reserved for tigers. A growing number of attacks by tigers on man has added to the hostility .
練習題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.The ultimate aim of Project Tiger is to _____.
A.study the growth rate of tigers
B.protect tigers from being killed
C.promote the breeding of young tigers
D.analyze the behavioral patterns of tigers
2.Studies have shown that ______.
A.a tigress never attacks until attacked
B.the tigress is not as fierce as the tigers
C.a tiger usually fights another tiger to defend its own territory
D.the tiger is not an efficient hunter as is commonly described
3.According to the passage, a tiger"s territory _____.
A.remains unchanged
B.is often defended by tigresses
C.expands as the tiger grows up
D.is the cause of most fights
4.Some people are afraid that Project Tiger _____.
A.has been carried too far
B.has not received enough attention
C.has failed to achieve its goal
D.is not worth the money spent on it
5.The author seems _____.
A.to be enthusiastic about Project Tiger
B.to have a matter-of-fact attitude towards Project Tiger
C.to have a hostile attitude towards Project Tiger
D.to be satisfied with Project Tiger
1.[D] 根據(jù)文章第1段，老虎被捕殺是其數(shù)量劇減的根本原因，因此使老虎免于被殺是野生動物保護基金會的最終目的，故選D。
2.[B] 第3段第2句說，但研究表明老虎捕捉獵物的成功率僅為1/20，B與之相符。第2段說到老虎一般會避免領(lǐng)土之爭，C與之不符，故排除;A、D在原文中并未提及均可排除。
3.[A] 第2段第2句提到，研究表明，一頭雄老虎依年齡、體型及力量可以控制10至20公里的狩獵領(lǐng)地，隨著老虎的長大，其體型及力量都在增大，其占領(lǐng)的狩獵領(lǐng)地的面積自然也就增大，故A正確。
4.[C] 文章第4段首句說,許多人近來開始擔心老虎項目過于成功，C項是該句的同義替換，故為答案。
5.[B] 縱觀全文，作者對于老虎保護項目沒有加入個人的主觀色彩，他持的是一種客觀的態(tài)度，故選B。
【篇二】2021年6月英語四級考試閱讀理解
When global warming finally came, it stuck with avengeance(異乎尋常地).In some regions, temperatures rose several degrees in less than acentury. Sea levels shot up nearly 400 feet. floodingcoastal settlements and forcing people to migrateinland. Deserts spread throughout the world asvegetation shifted drastically in North America. Europe and Asia. After driving many of theanimals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of lifefor a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was farming: the global-warming crisis that gave rise to it happened morethan 10,000 years ago.
As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of thefuture, earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate haschanged in the past-and how those changes have transformed human existence. Researchershave begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological andastronomical forces that have combined to change the planet's environment from hot tocold, wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions ofyears.
Most important. scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have bad a majorimpact on the evolution of the human species. New research now suggests that climateshifts have played a key role in nearly every significant turning point in human evolution: fromthe dawn of primates(靈長目動物) some 65 million years ago to human ancestors rising up towalk on two legs. from the huge expansion of the human brain to the rise of agriculture. Indeed, the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change, somescientists argue, it has in some instances been driven by it.
The new research has profound implications for the environment summit in Rio. Amongother things, the findings demonstrate that dramatic climate change is nothing new forplanet Earth. The benign(宜人的) global environment that has existed over the past 10,000 years-during which agriculture. writing, cities and most other features of civilization appeared-isa mere bright spot in a much larger pattern of widely varying climate over the ages. In fact, the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earth's climate will almost certainly gothrough dramatic changes in the future-even without the influence of human activity.
1.Farming emerged as a survival strategybecause man had been obliged__________.
A) to give up his former way of life
B) to leave the coastal areas
C) to follow the ever-shifting vegetation
D) to abandon his original settlement
2. Earth scientists have come to understand that climate____________.
A)is going through a fundamental change
B)has been getting warmer for 10,000 years
C) will eventually change from hot to cold
D) has gone through periodical changes
3.Scientists believe that human evolution________.
A) has seldom been accompanied by climatic changes
B) has exerted little influence on climatic changes
C) has largely been affected by climatic changes
D) has had a major impact on climatic changes
4.Evidence of past climatic changes indicates that__________.
A) human activities have accelerated changes of Earth's environment
B) Earth’s environment will remain mild despite human interference
C) Earth's climate is bound to change significantly in the future
D) Earth's climate is unlikely to undergo substantial changes in the future
5.The message the author wishes to convey in the passage is that______________.
A) human civilization remains glorious though it is affected by climatic changes
B) mankind is virtually helpless in the face of the dramatic changes of climate
C) man bas to limit his activities to slow down the global warming process
D) human civilization will continue io develop in spite of the changes of nature
1.務(wù)農(nóng)成了糊口策略，因為人們已經(jīng)被___________。
A)放棄原來的生活方式
B)離開海岸地區(qū)
C)跟隨總在變化的植被情況
D)放棄原來的居住地
[A]文章第1段提到“人類在將其周圍的許多種動物逼向瀕臨滅絕的境地之后，也被迫放棄他們已導(dǎo)致饑荒、疾病的舊有生活方式而選擇全新的求生策略。這種策略就是農(nóng)業(yè)”。A與文章的意思相符合。
2.地球科學(xué)家已經(jīng)了解到，氣候___________________。
A)正在經(jīng)歷重大的變化
B)已經(jīng)在過去的l萬年當中變得越來越熱
C)終將從熱變冷
D)已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了階段性的變化
[D]文章第2段提到“研究者已經(jīng)開始綜合出一幅有關(guān)強大的地質(zhì)和天文力量發(fā)生作用的說明性的圖片，在過去的幾百萬年中，這兩種力量結(jié)合在一起改變著地球的環(huán)境：從炎熱到寒冷，從潮濕到干燥，如此反復(fù)，循環(huán)不止”，D與文章的意思一致。因而正確。
3.科學(xué)家認為人類的進化__________________。
A)極少伴隨著氣候變化
B)對氣候變化的影響很小
C)深受氣候變化的影響
D)對氣候變化有重大影響
[C]文章第3段提到“最重要的是，科學(xué)家已經(jīng)開始意識到氣候的變化對人種的進化有著主要的影響�，F(xiàn)在新的研究表明幾乎在人類進化的每一個重大的轉(zhuǎn)折時期天氣變化都起著關(guān)鍵的作用”，所以人類進化受到氣候變化的影響。因此，C正確。
4.過去氣候變化的證據(jù)表明了__________________。
A)人類的活動已經(jīng)加速了地球環(huán)境的變化
B)盡管受到了人類的干預(yù)，地球環(huán)境會保持濕和不變
C)地球的氣候在未來會有重大的改變
D)地球的氣候在未來不大可能發(fā)生實質(zhì)性的改變
[C]文章最后一段提到“事實上，過去氣候變化的模式表明地球的氣候在將來肯定會經(jīng)歷重大的變化——即使是沒有人類活動的影響”，因此，C與文章所表達的意思一致。
5.作者想通過文章傳達出的信息是__________________。
A)雖然人類文明受到了氣候變化的影響，但仍然絢爛無比
B)面對氣候的劇烈變化，人類基本上束手無榮
C)人類應(yīng)該限制自己的活動來減緩全球暖化的進程
D)盡管自然在發(fā)生變化，但人類文明仍會繼續(xù)發(fā)展
[B]全文圍繞氣候變化給人類帶來的影響展開，而文章最后一句“地球氣候幾乎注定要在將來發(fā)生巨大的變化——甚至無須人類的干預(yù)”，說明人類無力改變自然，B為正確答案。
【篇三】2021年6月英語四級考試閱讀理解
Leonard da Vinci was a painter, a sculptor, anarchitect, a musician, an engineer, and a scientist. He was a man of many talents, a Renaissance man1 in the true sense of the word.
Leonard was born at a small town near Florence, where he was apprenticed to2 a painter. But he soonsurpassed his masters in uniting precision of linewith rhythm of movement, and in finding new ways to show light and shade.
Although Leonard is generally known as a painter, his actual output was very small. In facttoday only about twelve paintings are looked upon as3 having been done by him. This isbecause his diverse interest, his far-ranging curiosity in nature and his endless scientificexperiments and designings. To understand the man one has therefore , to read the 5, 000 notebooks in which he put down his observations in life and his sketch4 drawings.
Nevertheless, Leonard had profound understandings of art, which exerted5 great influenceamong the painters of his own generation and generations to follow. In painting he stressed theexpression of emotional states, which , to him were, the heart of painting:
"A good painter has two chief objects — to paint man and the intention of his soul. The formeris easy, the latter hard, for it must be expressed by gestures and the movement of the limbs. .. A painting will only be wonderful for the beholder by making that which is not so raisedand detached from the wall."
His major works: Last Supper, many European art masters have painted on the same subject. But none of their versions has been as impressive as da Vinci's. And none has the enduringvalue in the art world as his.
Mona Lisa, if Last Supper is the most famous of religious pictures, then Mona Lisa probably isthe world's most famous portrait. Mona Lisa had as its model wife of a banker. The quietlyfolded hands, the gaze that is directed at the observer, the ambiguity of the“smile”togetherhelp to create a curious effect and a secret effect.
閱讀自測
�、�. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words :
Leonard da Vinci is first known as a________ , and he is also a________ , an________ , a________ , an________ , and a ________ . The amount of da Vinci's paintings is very small. There are only about________ paintings. For da Vinci, a good painter has two chief objects — to paint ________ and the ________ of his soul. In his famous work Mona Lisa , thequietly________ hands, the________ that is directed at the observer, the ambiguity of the"________ " together help to create a curious effect and a secret effect.
Ⅱ. Question :
What are da Vinci's famous paintings?
參考答案
�、�. painter / sculptor / architect / musician / engineer / scientist / 12 / man / intention / folded / gaze / smile Ⅱ. Last Supper and Mona Lisa .
參考譯文
達芬奇?zhèn)髌?/p>
列奧納多· 達· 芬奇是一位畫家、一位雕刻家、一位建筑師、一位音樂家、一位工程師 和一位科學(xué)家。他多才多藝, 是一位真正的文藝復(fù)興新人。
列奧納多出生在佛羅倫薩附近的一個小城鎮(zhèn)上, 從小給一位畫家當學(xué)徒。但是, 很快 他就超越了老師。他將清晰的線條與繪畫的動態(tài)感和諧地結(jié)合在一起, 找到了顯示光與影 的新方式。
雖然通常列奧納多是作為畫家而聞名, 可他的畫作數(shù)量并不多。事實上, 今天也只有 12 幅畫被認為是他的作品。之所以這樣, 是因為他興趣廣泛, 對自然界充滿好奇, 還做了 無窮無盡的科學(xué)實驗及設(shè)計。因此, 要了解這個人, 就必須去讀那5 000 份筆記。在那些 筆記中, 達· 芬奇記錄了他在生活中的觀察結(jié)果與許多素描。
盡管如此, 列奧納多對藝術(shù)還是有著深刻的理解。這對與他同時代的人及后人都有著深 遠的影響。在繪畫方面, 他強調(diào)對人物情感的傳達。對他而言, 這是衡量繪畫優(yōu)秀與否 的靈魂所在:
“ 優(yōu)秀的畫家有兩大目標——— 畫人和畫魂。前者易而后者難, 因為后者必須通過人物姿 態(tài)及肢體語言來表達一幅掛在墻上的畫, 只有給人以呼之欲出之感, 才算得上是杰作�！� 他的主要作品有:
《最后的晚餐》, 許多歐洲藝術(shù)大師都作了同樣的畫。但是, 沒有一幅能像達· 芬奇的 那樣給人留下深刻印象; 也沒有哪幅作品能像達· 芬奇的那樣在藝術(shù)界擁有持久的價值。
《蒙娜麗莎》, 如果說《最后的晚餐》是最有名的宗教畫, 那么《蒙娜麗莎》則算得上世界 上最的肖像畫。 《蒙娜麗莎》以一位銀行家的妻子為模特。她嫻靜地搭在一起的雙手, 凝視著欣賞者 的雙眼以及那含義不甚明了的“ 微笑”, 共同創(chuàng)造出一種奇特而神秘的效果。
閱讀導(dǎo)評
一生身兼數(shù)“職”, 在繪畫、雕塑、建筑、科學(xué)方面都頗有建樹的達·芬奇不愧是位傳奇 人物。他的作品不僅給人以感官上的美的享受, 同時給人以無窮無盡的想象空間, 引人深 思�！哆_·芬奇密碼》中對《最后的晚餐》*性的解讀即體現(xiàn)了這種啟發(fā)。難怪他經(jīng)過了 歷史批評的沉淀和凈化至今依然光彩奪目。
閱讀導(dǎo)釋
1. Renaissance, 文藝復(fù)興, 特指14—17 世紀的歐洲正在形成中的資產(chǎn)階級在復(fù)興希臘羅馬 古典文化的名義下發(fā)起的弘揚資產(chǎn)階級思想和文化的運動。名為“ 復(fù)興”, 它本身卻也 代表了一種進步。該運動發(fā)起于意大利, 波及整個歐洲, 囊括了文學(xué)、藝術(shù)、科學(xué)、哲學(xué)等 各個領(lǐng)域。被譽為西歐文學(xué)的三大天才巨匠———但丁( Dante, 1265—1321 ) 、莎士 比亞( Shakespeare, 1564—1616 ) 和歌德( Goethe, 1749—1832) , 以及“ 美術(shù)三杰”——— 達·芬奇、米開朗琪羅( Michelangelo, 1475—1564) 和拉斐爾( Raphael, 1483—1520) 都 是文藝復(fù)興時代的精英。Renaissance man 則指“ 文藝復(fù)興新人,文藝復(fù)興時期的理想完 人”, 也可作“博學(xué)的人”,“ 多才多藝的人”,“開拓型人物”解。
2. 英語中很多名詞轉(zhuǎn)作動詞用時, 很能提高句子質(zhì)量, 此處的“be apprenticed to”就是一例。
3. 這是個非常有用的詞組, 作“看作, 以為”解, 如: The Statue of Liberty is looked upon as the sign ofThe United States. ( 自由女神像被看作是美國的標志。) 和look 連用的短語很多, 如: look down upon / on 就是“看不起, 輕視”的意思, 而look down one's nose at 在口語中也是 表示“不把……放在眼里, 小看”。我們漢語中常說的“黑臉”, 就是指生氣、厭惡或憎恨時 表現(xiàn)的怒容, 用a black look 表示。我們漢語說“三思而后行”, 英語是Look before you leap。
4. 在這里是“ 素描, 草圖”的意思。達·芬奇一生不僅進行繪畫創(chuàng)作, 還擅長畫機械草圖, 他認為人類可以模仿鳥類飛行, 就繪制了撲翼機圖。
5. 這個詞后面常和介詞on 連用, 指“用( 某特質(zhì)、技巧、壓力等) , 應(yīng)用( 某物) ”, 如: Her parents exerteda lot of pressure on her to succeed. ( 她父母殷切希望她成功, 給了她很大壓力。
【篇四】2021年6月英語四級考試閱讀理解
Ludwig Van Beethoven1 was one of the greatestmusicians in the 19 th century. John Lennon2 wasone of the greatest musicians in the 20 th century. Although there is a period of about 200 yearsbetween them, they are quite similar in certainways.
Both men expressed the spirit of their time in theirmusic. Beethoven lived in the period of rising capitalism. At that time, people were trying tobreak the shackles of feudalism3 , and they were pursuing freedom, equality, and universallove. This social trend, especially the French revolution, greatly inspired Beethoven. Hismusic was very active, passionate, and vigorous. Some of his works praised heroism, someconveyed the love for nature, and some extolled4 harmony among people. Similarly, Lennon'smusic revealed his time. In the 1960s and 1970 s, the youth in America were deeply frustratedby the discrimination and injustice in the society and were longing to build a new one . Mostof Lennon's songs expressed the ideas of the youth. In one of his songs entitled Imagine, hesings, "Imagine all the people , living under peace", and "The world will be united together asone". These words show his anti-war attitude and his hope for peace , and reflect the spirit ofthe 60s and 70 s.
Both men were social rebels to some extent. They refused to bow to social conventions andpower. Beethoven was a devoted republican. When Napoleon5 was in power, who claimed tobe a defender of republicanism, Beethoven admired him so much that he dedicated hisSymphony No. 3, the theme of which is heroism, to him. But then Napoleon crowned6 himselfand became an emperor. Beethoven was so angry that he openly declared he took back whathe had said about Napoleon, regardless of possible persecution. Lennon was also considered atrouble-maker by the authorities because of his support for youth movements. For a time hewas not even allowed to give public performances. But he ignored all this and stuck to hisbelief.
閱讀自測
Ⅰ. Fin d the correct me anings of the words in the left from the right side :
1. passionate A. praise somebody or something highly
2. dedicate B. discouraged, not satisfied
3. frustrated C. caused by or showing strong feelings
4. stick to D. not change something; keep to
5. extol E. address ( one's book, a piece of music) to somebody as a way of showing respect
�、�. Fill in the blanks :
1. At the time of capitalism, people were trying to break the _____________( 枷鎖) offeudalism to pursue freedom _____________( 平等) and _____________( 博愛) . 2. In the 60 s and 70s, the youth in America were deeply frustrated by the _____________( 歧 視) and_____________( 不公正) in the society and were longing to build a new one. 3. They refusedto bow to social _____________( 習俗) and power and Beethoven was a _____________( 忠實的) republican. 4. But then Napoleon ________( 加冕) himself and became an emperor.
參考答案
Ⅰ. 1. C 2 . E 3. B 4 . D 5. A
�、�. 1. shackles / equality / universal love 2. discrimination / injustice 3. conventions / devoted4. crowned
參考譯文
以音樂作武器
路德維希· 馮·貝多芬是18 世紀最偉大的音樂家之一。約翰· 列儂則是20 世紀最 有成就的音樂家之一。盡管兩人相距近兩百年, 但是他們在某些方面卻極其相似。
貝多芬和列儂都在音樂中表達各自的時代精神。貝多芬生活在資本主義崛起之時。 那時, 人們正試圖打破封建主義的枷鎖, 追求自由、平等和博愛。這種社會趨勢, 特別是法 國*, 給了他極大的啟發(fā)。貝多芬的音樂非常積極向上、熱情激昂、氣勢磅礴。他的音 樂作品有的贊美英雄主義, 有的表達對自然的熱愛之情, 還有的歌頌人與人之間的融洽情 感。和貝多芬一樣, 列儂的音樂也展示了他生活的那個時代。20 世紀60 年代與70 年代, 美國社會上出現(xiàn)的歧視與不公正現(xiàn)象強烈地打擊了青年們, 他們都期望建立新的社會。列 儂的歌曲大多表達了青年的這種思想。他在一首名為《想象》的歌曲中唱道,“ 想象全人類 都生活在和平之中”,“ 世界大同”。這些歌詞表達了他的反戰(zhàn)情緒以及對和平的向往之 情, 并反射出上世紀60 和70 年代的時代精神。
在 一定程度上, 兩人都是社會的叛逆者。他們拒絕向社會習俗和權(quán)勢低頭。貝多芬是 個忠實的共和黨人。拿破侖當權(quán)時曾宣稱自己是共和制的捍衛(wèi)者, 貝多芬非常欽佩他, 就 把歌頌英雄主義的作品《第三交響曲》獻給了他。但是不久, 拿破侖就加冕稱帝了。貝多 芬異常氣憤, 不顧可能遭受的迫 害, 公開宣布收回對拿破侖的贊揚。列儂因支持青年運動 也被當權(quán)者認定是搗亂分子, 甚至一度遭到封 殺, 可他卻依然不顧一切地堅持自己的信仰。
閱讀導(dǎo)評
我國音樂家冼星海說過:“音樂是人生的快樂, 音樂是生活中的一股清泉, 音 樂是陶冶性情的熔爐�！必惗喾液土袃z不僅體驗到了這種快樂, 還從中獲得了一種促使他們 前進的精神力量。為了更好地生活, 我們也當悉心傾聽音樂。傾聽音樂才能更好地領(lǐng)悟音 樂。能夠領(lǐng)悟音樂的人, 才能從一切世俗的煩惱中超脫出來, 才能更好地駕馭生活, 才能成 為生活的主人。
閱讀導(dǎo)釋
1. 路德維希·馮·貝多芬( 1770—1827) , 德國作曲家, 畢生追求“ 自由、平等、博愛”的理 想, 其創(chuàng)作集西方古典樂派之大成, 開浪漫樂派之先河, 對后世西洋音樂的發(fā)展有深遠影 響。貝多芬被后人尊稱為“ 樂圣”, 其主要作品有《英雄》、《命運》、《田園》等交響樂9部,《悲愴》、《月光》、《暴風雨》等鋼琴奏鳴曲32 部及弦樂四重奏17 部。文章中提及的 Symphony No. 3 即《第三交響曲》, 作品原來打算題獻給貝多芬心目中的英雄拿破侖, 但 當他聽說拿破侖稱帝, 便劃掉了獻詞。共和主義原則使他義憤填膺, 于是把題詞改為 “ 為了紀念一位偉人”。
2. 約翰·列儂( 1940—1980) ,“ 披頭士”( Beatles) 樂隊主要代表人物, 被稱為“ 搖滾之父”。 大家所熟悉的歌曲《黃色潛水艇》與《昨天》均出自該樂隊。這支樂隊屬于先鋒派, 他們比 較狂熱與敏感, 是和平的忠實捍衛(wèi)者。1980 年12 月8 日, 列儂在自己曼哈頓公寓的門口, 被一名瘋狂的歌迷槍殺。文章中提到的《想象》表達了列儂呼喚和平時代到來的思想。
3. shackle 原意是“鐐銬, 手 銬, 腳鐐”, 常比喻為“ 枷鎖, 桎梏, 束縛”, 這里就取此詞的比喻 義。feudalism意思是“封建主義, 封建制度”, 與前文中的capitalism, 即“ 資本主義, 資本 主義制度”是相對而言的。
4. 這個詞的意思是“ 頌揚, 贊揚, 贊美”, 是個美化用語的動詞, 如: extol one's merits ( 稱頌 某人的功績) ; extol one to the skies ( 把某人捧上天) 。
5. 這里指的是通常所說的拿破侖一世( 1769—1821) , 法蘭西第一帝國和百日王朝皇帝。 1804 年, 拿破侖發(fā)動霧月18 日政變, 自任第一執(zhí)政。他稱帝后頒布的《拿破侖法典》對 后世有著重要影響。他在位時連年對外用兵, 滑鐵盧戰(zhàn)役慘敗后被流放到圣赫勒拿島。 今天所說的短語meet one's waterloo ( 慘遭失敗) 即來源于此。
6. 該詞原本指“皇 冠, 桂冠”, 這里用作動詞, 意思是“ 為……加冕, 立……為君王”, 還有 “ 給……戴( 花冠) , 授……以榮譽”的意思, 如: The Emperor crowned the victor with laurel. ( 國王授予勝利者以桂冠。) 詞組the crown of the year 則指“收獲季節(jié), 秋季”。
