2021年成人高考高起點(diǎn)《英語(yǔ)》復(fù)習(xí)資料總結(jié)匯總
時(shí)間：2021-08-05 15:36:00 來(lái)源：無(wú)憂考網(wǎng) [字體：小 中 大]
2021年成人高考高起點(diǎn)《英語(yǔ)》復(fù)習(xí)資料總結(jié)(1)
可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞
名詞分可數(shù)與不可數(shù)兩種。
可數(shù)名詞表示某類人或東西中的個(gè)體。如table， country。
或表示若干個(gè)體組成的集合體。如 family， people， committee， police。
不可數(shù)名詞表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物。如air， tea， furniture， water。
或表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念。如work， information， advice， happiness。
有些名詞在一種場(chǎng)合下是可數(shù)名詞，在另一種場(chǎng)合下是不可數(shù)名詞。
如room 房間(可數(shù))，空間(不可數(shù))
time 時(shí)間(不可數(shù))，次數(shù)(可數(shù))
fish 魚(不可數(shù))，各種各樣的魚(可數(shù))
比較下列例句：
There are nine rooms in the house. (房間，可數(shù)名詞)
There isnt enough room for us three in the car . (空間，不可數(shù)名詞)
不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量可以通過(guò)在其前面加單位詞來(lái)表示。
如： 一塊肉 a piece of meat
兩條長(zhǎng)面包 two loaves of bread
三件家具 three articles of furniture
一大筆錢 a large sum of money
2021年成人高考高起點(diǎn)《英語(yǔ)》復(fù)習(xí)資料總結(jié)(2)
可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式
可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：
1.一般情況下在名詞后加-s。如：girls， books。
★濁輔音、元音結(jié)尾，s發(fā)[z]
2.以s， x ， ch， sh結(jié)尾的詞在名詞后加-es。如：glasses， boxes， matches， bushes。
★以s， x ， ch， sh結(jié)尾，es發(fā)[iz]
3.“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i再加-es。如：city-cities， country-countries。
4.以o結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)加-es。如：heroes， tomatoes， potatoes。
radios， zoos， photos， pianos， kilos 例外。
5.f， fe 結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f，fe為v再加-es。如：thief-thieves， leaf-leaves， half-halves， life-lives， wife-wives， knife-knives。
少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：man-men， woman-women， foot-feet， tooth-teeth， child-children， mouse-mice。
★可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)一般情況下考不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式。
個(gè)別名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)的形式是一樣的。如Chineses， Japanese， sheep， deer。
2021年成人高考高起點(diǎn)《英語(yǔ)》復(fù)習(xí)資料總結(jié)(3)
名詞的所有格
名詞的所有格表示所屬關(guān)系， 起形容詞的作用。
當(dāng)名詞表示有生命的東西時(shí)，所有格一般是在詞尾加 s 。
如：Jeans room， my daughter-in-laws friends， my daughters-in-laws friends， childrens books。
如果名詞已經(jīng)有了復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s， 則只需加。如：the teachers books， my parents car。
時(shí)間名詞的所有格在后面加s ，復(fù)數(shù)加 。如：todays newspaper， five minutes walk。
當(dāng)名詞表示無(wú)生命的東西時(shí)，所有格常由“of”短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。
如：the top of the world， the cover of the book， Chinas capital。
加 s 或 的名詞所有格可以表示店鋪或某人的家。
如：the grocers， the tailors， the Smiths 。
★名詞所有格考試常見(jiàn)部分是
名詞表示沒(méi)有生命的東西時(shí)，不能直接在其后加s。
時(shí)間名詞所有格在其后加s，或復(fù)數(shù)名詞后直接加。
2021年成人高考高起點(diǎn)《英語(yǔ)》復(fù)習(xí)資料總結(jié)(4)
名詞在句子中的作用：名詞在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，有時(shí)可以作狀語(yǔ)。
名詞、代詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上必須與主語(yǔ)保持一致。
1.主語(yǔ)是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
All roads lead to Rome。(條條大路通羅馬。)
His brother is an industrial engineer。
The number of the students attending the party is increasing。
★the number of 表示數(shù)量，無(wú)論后面名詞是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)形式。
Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me。
★two-thirds 三分之二
幾分之幾作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式。
belong to 屬于某人
Both of us are studying English。
★總結(jié)：在名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，the number of 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)形式;
幾分之幾，謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)形式;
both 謂語(yǔ)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
2、主語(yǔ)是不可數(shù)名詞、不定式或動(dòng)名詞詞組、從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
All the money he received was given to his mother。
Forgetting the past means betrayal。
What we are talking now is useless。
3.主語(yǔ)部分若有as well as， with， together with， like， but， except等短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)與短語(yǔ)前面的名詞一致。
Mary， as well as her two sisters， is a student of this school。
(as well as her two sisters 作主語(yǔ)Mary的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ) Mary 是單數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式)
No one except my friends knows anything about it。
4.表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、價(jià)值等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果當(dāng)作整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式�！啊�+(×)…=…”算式中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式。
Three times two is six。
Three kilometers is 3，ooo metres. (three kilometers作為整體來(lái)看)
5.Either， neither作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
Neither of us has been to Italy。
Has either of them been to Shanghai?
none代表可數(shù)的人或東西時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)，代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
None of the students have/has seen the film。
None of the money belongs to me。
6.主語(yǔ)由either…or， neither…nor， not only…but also連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)形式由最鄰近的主語(yǔ)決定。
Not only you but also I am wrong。
Neither my aunt nor I am going out this afternoon。
Either you or she is to do the work。
7.主語(yǔ)中有and，如果表示單一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
The bread and butter is nice。
8.主語(yǔ)前有many a， more than one修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
Many a book has been read by the students。
★many a book=many books
More than one person has been to the Great Wall。
9.集合名詞作主語(yǔ)，當(dāng)作整體看待時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，當(dāng)作每個(gè)獨(dú)立的個(gè)體看待時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The committee meets once a year. (作為整體)
The committee are having a meeting now. (作為獨(dú)立個(gè)體)
People， police作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
The police have come to arrest him。
2021年成人高考高起點(diǎn)《英語(yǔ)》復(fù)習(xí)資料總結(jié)(5)
不定冠詞的基本用法
1.表示“一”的含義。
Give me a pen please。
We go shopping twice a week。
2.泛指某個(gè)人或東西。
Yesterday we visited an English secondary school。
She picked up a magazine and began to read。
3.表示一類人或東西。
He works as a language teacher in that university。
As a writer， he is successful。
Even a child can answer this question。
可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)出現(xiàn)，泛指用不定冠詞，特指用定冠詞。一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)不能自己?jiǎn)为?dú)出現(xiàn)
2021年成人高考高起點(diǎn)《英語(yǔ)》復(fù)習(xí)資料總結(jié)(6)
定冠詞的基本用法
1.表示特定的人或東西。
Give me the magazine。
Have you decided on the prices yet?
The book on the table is an English dictionary。
Beijing is the capital of China。
2.復(fù)述前文提到的人或東西。
Last week， I saw a flim. The film is about a love story between two middle-aged people。
The old man saw a house in the field. He went into the house and found a beautiful girl sitting there and singing。
3.用于形容詞前面，代表一類人或東西。
the poor 窮人 the rich 富人 the wounded 受傷的人
the sick 生病的人 the beautiful 美麗的事物 the old 老年人
the young 年青人
4.用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的東西的名詞前面。
the moon， the sun， the earth
The moon moves aroud the earth。
We have friends all over the world。
Dont build castles in the air。
5.用于序數(shù)詞、方位名詞、形容詞與副詞的級(jí)前面，副詞級(jí)前面的the 可以省略。
January is the first month of the year。
The sun rises in the east。
Japan lies to the east of China。
Beijing lies in the north of China。
Ireland lies on the Great Britain。
At the Childrens Palace， some children learn to play the piano， others learn to play the violin。
Last week we went to the theatre。
Among the three girls she speaks English the best。
“東、南、西、北”作副詞時(shí)，前面不加冠詞。
We are walking south。
形容詞級(jí)前若有物主代詞，就不加定冠詞。
Monday is my busiest day。
6.用于姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示一家人或夫婦倆。
The Lius have moved to Guangzhou。
The Simths came to China for visit in 1996.
7.不可數(shù)名詞前面通常不加定冠詞，但若有限制性定語(yǔ)修飾，或表示特定部分、特定內(nèi)容時(shí)，前面需加定冠詞。
Drink some water。
Is the water in the well fit for drink?
What do you think of the music?
He cant take the advice his mother gives him。
2021年成人高考高起點(diǎn)《英語(yǔ)》復(fù)習(xí)資料總結(jié)(7)
absent from不在，缺席abundant in富于
alien to與……相反angry with sb at/about sth生氣，憤怒
anxious about/for憂慮，擔(dān)心appropriate for/to適當(dāng)，合適
applicable to適用于apt at聰明，善于
apt to易于ashamed of羞愧，害臊
approximate to近擬，接近aware of意識(shí)到
abailable to sb for sth可用，可供bare of幾乎沒(méi)有，缺乏
bound for開往…… capable of能夠
careful of/about/with;小心，注意certain of /about確信，肯定
about/in doing characteristic of特有，獨(dú)特
clear of沒(méi)有，不接觸clever at善于
close to接近，親近c(diǎn)omparable to/with可比較
conscious of察覺(jué)到，意識(shí)到consequent on隨之而來(lái)
considerate towards體諒，體貼contemporary with與……同時(shí)代
content with滿足于contrary to違反
counter to與……相反crazy about熱衷，著迷
critical of挑剔，批評(píng)curious about好奇，想知道
distinct from種類(風(fēng)格)不同doubtful of /about懷疑
east of在……東面equal to相等，勝任
equivalent to等于，相當(dāng)于essential to/for必不可少
expert at/in/on善于faithful to忠實(shí)于
familiar to sb為……所熟悉familiar with sth熟悉，通曉
fatal to致命的favourable to支持，贊成
favourable for有幫助的fearful of懼怕
fit for適于foreign to非……所原有
fond of喜歡free of /from未受……;免費(fèi)
free with康慨，大方guilty of有……罪的
hungry for渴望ignorant of不知道
impatient at sth.不耐煩impatient of無(wú)法容忍
with sb independent of不受……支配
impatient for急切，渴望indifferent to無(wú)興趣，不關(guān)心
indignant with sb.憤慨inferior to級(jí)別低于，不如
ab/about sth innocent of無(wú)……罪，無(wú)辜
intent on專心于invisible to不可見(jiàn)的jealous of嫉妒keep on愛(ài)好，很喜歡
liable for對(duì)……有責(zé)任liable to易于
loyal to忠于mad at/with sb.生氣，憤怒mad with因……發(fā)狂next to下一個(gè)，其次
necessary to /for必要的opposite to在對(duì)面
open to不限制，開放的particular about挑剔，講究
arallel to與……平等，類似peculiar to獨(dú)特的，獨(dú)有的
atient with有耐心prior to在……之前
opular with受……喜愛(ài)，愛(ài)戴representative of代表……的
relative to與……有關(guān)rich in富于
responsible for負(fù)責(zé)，是……原因sensitive to對(duì)……敏感
sensible of覺(jué)查到sick of厭惡，厭倦
short of缺少skilled at /in善于
similar to相似sufficient for足夠的
subject to受制于，易于superior to優(yōu)于，級(jí)別高于
suitable for/to適合于suspicious of懷疑
sure of /about對(duì)……有信心，確信typical of是典型的，特有的
tired of對(duì)……不在感興趣votal to對(duì)……關(guān)系重大
uncertain of /about不確知mad about/on狂熱迷戀
void of沒(méi)有，缺乏
2021年成人高考高起點(diǎn)《英語(yǔ)》復(fù)習(xí)資料總結(jié)(8)
這里用to man 而不用by.即當(dāng)單數(shù)又無(wú)冠詞的man和known搭配時(shí)，表示人類不用by.
this，that，tomorrow，yesterday，next，last，one
接年、月、季、星期、周，介詞省略已習(xí)慣
例;一天one day (不說(shuō)on one day)
one summer 在一個(gè)夏天
one year 一年
Iast nieht 昨天夜里
last Friday 上個(gè)星期五
last month 上月
last year 去年
yesterday afternoon 昨天下午
tomorrow afternoon 明天下午
tomorrow evening 明天晚上
next month 下個(gè)月
next week 下周
next year 明年
next Saturday 下星期六
2021年成人高考高起點(diǎn)《英語(yǔ)》復(fù)習(xí)資料總結(jié)(9)
Nobody was late except me.
除我以外，沒(méi)人遲到。
同類比較except，加for 異類記心間。
He's composition is good，except for some spelling mistakes.
他的這篇作文寫得很好，只是有幾處拼寫錯(cuò)誤。(非同類比較用except for)
She was all alone in the world except for an old aunt.
除了有一個(gè)老姑媽，她別無(wú)親人。
Anna felt disappointed when she found out they had gone swimming without her. (without=except)
當(dāng)安娜發(fā)現(xiàn)除她外，他們都去游泳了，她感到很失望。
Lion Head Hill is not worth seeing except for its old temples.
除了那些古寺以外，獅頭山?jīng)]什么可看的。
Among other things，we are interested in drawing.
我們對(duì)圖畫和別的一些東西很感興趣。(among之內(nèi)即包括在內(nèi))
原狀because of，owing to，due to 表語(yǔ)形容詞
例：Owing to our joint efforts， the task was fulfilled ahead of schedule.
由于我們的共同努力，任務(wù)提前完成了。
注：Owing to 和because of 都做原因狀語(yǔ)，而due to 只能做表語(yǔ)形容詞。所以此句。owing to 的介詞短語(yǔ)做原因狀語(yǔ)。
AII our achievements are due to the correct leadership of our Party.
我們的一切成績(jī)都?xì)w功于黨。(due to 做表語(yǔ)形容詞)
under后接修、建中，of，from 物化分
例：The road is under repair now.
這條路正在修建中。
2021年成人高考高起點(diǎn)《英語(yǔ)》復(fù)習(xí)資料總結(jié)(10)
高頻句型：
1. Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price，which they cannot afford it.
那些城市的規(guī)劃者們?nèi)绻鲆曔@一點(diǎn)，將會(huì)付出他們無(wú)法承受的代價(jià)。
2. There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.
農(nóng)民進(jìn)城打工正成為增長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì)，這一問(wèn)題在世界上大部分城市已引起普遍關(guān)注。
3. An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.
一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示許多民工認(rèn)為在城市打工不僅有較高的收入，而且能學(xué)到一些新技術(shù)。
4. It must be noted that improvement in agriculture seems to not be able to catch up with the increase in population of rural areas and there are millions of peasants who still live a miserable life and have to face the dangers of exposure and starvation.
必須指出，農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展似乎趕不上農(nóng)村人口的增加，并且仍有成千上萬(wàn)的農(nóng)民過(guò)著缺衣挨餓的貧寒生活。
5. Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities，they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.
盡管民工對(duì)城市的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)，然而他們也不可避免的帶來(lái)了一些負(fù)面影響。
6. Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs;and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.
許多社會(huì)學(xué)家指出民工正給人口控制和社會(huì)治安帶來(lái)壓力。他們正在威脅著本已蕭條的工作市場(chǎng)，他們惡化了交通和公共衛(wèi)生狀況。
7. It is suggested that governments ought to make efforts to reduce the increasing gap between cities and countryside. They ought to set aside an appropriate fund for improvement of the standard of peasants' lives. They ought to invite some experts in agriculture to share their experiences，information and knowledge with peasants，which will contribute directly to the economic growth of rural areas.
建議政府應(yīng)該努力減少正在拉大的城鄉(xiāng)差距。應(yīng)該劃撥適當(dāng)?shù)馁Y金提高農(nóng)民的生活水平;應(yīng)該邀請(qǐng)農(nóng)業(yè)專家向農(nóng)民介紹他們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，知識(shí)和信息，這些將有助于發(fā)展農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)。
8. In conclusion，we must take into account this problem rationally and place more emphases on peasants' lives. Any government that is blind to this point will pay a heavy price.
總之，我們應(yīng)理智考慮這一問(wèn)題，重視農(nóng)民的生活。任何政府忽視這一點(diǎn)都將付出巨大的代價(jià)。
9 Although many experts from universities and institutes consistently maintain that it is an inevitable part of an independent life，parents in growing numbers are starting to realize that people，including teachers and experts in education，should pay considerable attention to this problem.
盡管來(lái)自高校和研究院的許多專家堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為這是獨(dú)立生活不可避免的一部分，然而越來(lái)越多的家長(zhǎng)開始意識(shí)到包括教師和教育專家在內(nèi)的人們應(yīng)該認(rèn)真對(duì)待這一問(wèn)題。
10. As for me，it is essential to know，at first，what kind of problems young students possible would encounter on campus.
我認(rèn)為，首先應(yīng)看看學(xué)生們?cè)谛@可能遇到哪些問(wèn)題
2021年成人高考高起點(diǎn)《英語(yǔ)》復(fù)習(xí)資料總結(jié)(11)
關(guān)鍵句型：
1、It作先行主語(yǔ)和先行賓語(yǔ)的一些句型
She had said what it was necessary to say.
2、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
It is not who rules us that is important，but how he rules us.
3、“All+抽象名詞”或“抽象名詞+itself”(very+形容詞)
He was all gentleness to her.
4、利用詞匯重復(fù)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)
A crime is a crime a crime.
5、“something(much)of”和“nothing(little)of” “something of”相當(dāng)于“to some extent”，表示程度。 在疑問(wèn)句或條件從句中，則為“anything of ”，可譯為“有點(diǎn)”，“略微”等。譯為“毫無(wú)”，“全無(wú)”。much of譯為“大有”，not much of可譯為“算不上”，“稱不上”，little of可譯為“幾乎無(wú)”，something like譯為“有點(diǎn)像，略似”。
They say that he had no university education，but he seems to be something of a scholar.
6、同格名詞修飾 是指of前后的兩個(gè)名詞都指同一個(gè)人或物，“of”以及它前面的名詞構(gòu)成一個(gè)形容詞短語(yǔ)，以修飾“of”后面的那個(gè)名詞。如“her old sharper of a father”，可譯為：“她那騙子般的父親”。
Those pigs of girls eat so much.
7、as…as…can(may)be
It is as plain as plain can be.
8、“It is in(with)…as in(with)”
It is in life as in a journey.
9、“as good as…”相等于，就像，幾乎如;實(shí)際上，其實(shí)，實(shí)在。
The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy，that he would adopt him.
10、“many as well…as”和“might as well …as” “many as well…as” 可譯為“與其……，不如……，更好”，“以這樣做……為宜”，“如同……，也可以……”等等。“might as well …as”表示不可能的事，可譯為“猶如……”，“可與……一樣荒唐”，“與其那樣不如這樣的好”等等。
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.
