集體名詞作主語主謂一致

　　1)通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞��

　　集體名詞，如：police, people,cattle,militia,poultry等，

　　通常作復(fù)數(shù)，用復(fù)數(shù)動詞。如：��

　　Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.��

　　2)通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞��

　　有些集體名詞，如foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,通常作不可數(shù)名詞，隨后的動詞用單數(shù)。例如：All the machinery in the factory is made in China.��

　　3)既可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞��

　　集體名詞，如audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等，既可作單數(shù)，也可作復(fù)數(shù)用。��

　　The city council is meeting to set its agenda.��

　　4)a committee,etc. of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞��

　　如果主語是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”構(gòu)成，隨后的動詞通常用單數(shù)。例如：��

　　A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.��

　　近義詞辨析

　　tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, worn�瞣ut

　　這組詞均含有“疲憊的”的意思。

　　tired可指因體力或腦力消耗太多而需要休息，還可指因長期做某事而失去興趣。

　　Henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲憊，一到家就上床睡覺去了。��

　　exhausted

　　表達的疲憊程度強，指因勞累過度而精疲力竭。��

　　The exhausted engineer fell asleep on the bus.精疲力竭的工程師在公共汽車上睡著了。��

　　fatigued

　　所表達的疲勞程度比tired和weary強，表示由于過度勞累而引起疲乏，不能再繼續(xù)下去。��

　　He felt fatigued and didn‘t want to say a single word.他疲憊不堪，不想說一句話。��

　　weary

　　語氣比tired強，指由于長時間努力工作或由于做單一的事而引起疲倦。��

　　After a long and weary wait, the plane finally came to take them back.經(jīng)過漫長而又令人疲乏的等待后，飛機終于來接他們回去了。��

　　worn�瞣ut

　　這個詞不太正式，多用于口語。��

　　The troops were worn�瞣ut after winning the battle.戰(zhàn)后,部隊疲憊不堪。�お�

　　全真模擬試題��

　　1. Although ��______�� Spanish, he attended the course.��

　　A. he was knowing B. he is knowing��

　　C. having a knowledge of D. knows��

　　2. You ��______�猼hat letter to James. However, you didn‘t.��

　　A. ought to write B. ought to have written��

　　C. should write D. should be writing��

　　3. Joseph was very lucky ��______�� with his life; he almost did not get out of the room.��

　　A. to escape B. to have escaped��

　　C. to escaping D. to be escaping��

　　4. Bread and butter ��______�猯iked by Westerners.��

　　A. is B. are C. were D. be��

　　5. The back garden of our house contains a lawn, ��______��

　　very pleasant to sit on in summer.��

　　A. which is B. which it is C. it is D. where it is��

　　6. He set up in business ��______�� his own and was very successful.��

　　A. in B. of C. on D. by��

　　7. John‘s score on the test is the highest in the class; he ��______��

　　last night.��

　　A. must study B. should have studied��

　　C. must have studied D. is sure to study��

　　8. Frank almost never received any education, ��______��?

　　A. would he B. did he��

　　C. didn‘t he D. wouldn’t he��

　　9. Even if his letter ��______�� tomorrow, it ��______��

　　too late to do anything.��

　　A. will arrive……is B. should arrive……were��

　　C. arrives……will be D. arrives……would be��

　　10. We can hear ��______�猣rom the back of the room.��

　　A. just as good B. just as easy ��

　　C. just as well D. easily as well��

　　11. To obtain a satisfactory result, one must apply two ��______��

　　of paint on a clean surface.��

　　A. coats B. levels C. times D. courses��

　　12. The small mountain village was ��______�� by the snow

　　for more than one month.��

　　A. cut back B. cut out��

　　C. cut off D. cut away��

　　13. Miss Green was ��______�� $100 for driving after drinking.��

　　A. fined B. charged C. punished D. posed��

　　14. Modern ��______�� perhaps causes more problems than it solves.��

　　A. technique B. technology��

　　C. tactics D. tendency��

　　15. Mary tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear

　　it ��______�� when she was trying to go to sleep.��

　　A. sounding B. ringing C. ticking D. humming��

　　16. Under this ��______�� pressure some of the rocks even

　　became liquid.��

　　A. intensive B. weighty C. intense D. bulky

　　17. Of course, most immigrants did not get rich overnight, but the ��______�� of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living.��

　　A. maximum B. minority C. majority D. minimum��

　　18. Nancy was surprised that they have ��______��. They seemed to be a happy couple.��

　　A. split up B. broken down ��

　　C. fallen through D. knocked out��

　　19. The beach is in an ideal ��______�� to draw tourists.��

　　A. condition B. situation C. state D. publicity��

　　20. Our ��______�� sensitivity decreases with age. By age

　　60, most people have lost 40 percent of their ability to smell and 50 percent of their taste buds.��

　　A. sensible B. senseless ��

　　C. sensitive D. sensory��

　　21. The eldest child is thoroughly ��______�� because they

　　always give him whatever he wants.��

　　A. wasted B. spoiled��

　　C. destroyed D. uneducated��

　　22. If a substance is dissolved in water or heated, it may ��______�� a gas.��

　　A. give into B. give over��

　　C. give off D. give away��

　　23. His manner was so pleasant that Bolla felt at ��______�� with him at once.��

　　A. peace B. large C. ease D. best��

　　24. —Can you take the day off tomorrow?��

　　—Well, I‘ll have to get ��______�� from my boss.��

　　A. permission B. permit��

　　C. allowance D. possession��

　　25. The ��______�� in Janet‘s character has hindered her from advancement in her career.��

　　A. weakness B. merit��

　　C. defect D. shortcoming��

　　��

　　您的得分率為： / 25

　　試題答案與解析�お�

　　1. C) 【句意】雖然只懂一點西班牙語，但他還是參加了這個課程的學習。��

　　【難點】know是靜態(tài)動詞，不能用于進行時；選knows從句中又缺少主語。knowledge作“知識”講時是不可數(shù)名詞，但作“了解”講時，前面可加“a”，常用于詞組have a knowledge of中，所以選C)。��

　　2. B) 【句意】你本應(yīng)該給詹姆斯寫信，然而，你沒寫。��

　　【難點】ought to have written是虛擬語氣，與本句句意相符。��

　　3. B) 【句意】約瑟夫幸運地逃了性命；他險些沒從房間里逃出來。��

　　【難點】to have escaped 是不定式的完成式，表示過去的某一動作業(yè)已完成。��

　　4. A) 【句意】黃油面包受西方人青睞。��

　　【難點】bread and butter 是西方人吃的一種食品，雖然有三個字，表達的卻是一個東西，并且是不可數(shù)名詞，作單數(shù)。��

　　5. A) 【句意】我家的后花園有一片草坪，夏天坐在上面會令你心曠神怡。��

　　【難點】which引出非限制性定語從句，在句中作主語，且和sit on 構(gòu)成動

　　賓關(guān)系。類似的句子有：This room is comfortable to live in 這句中l(wèi)ive in 和this room構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系。��

　　6. C) 【句意】他獨自一人開始經(jīng)商，并且做得很成功。��

　　【難點】on one‘s own 是個常用的介詞詞組，意為“獨自”；of one’s own表示“某人自己的(東西)”，如：I have a flat of my own.我自己有套房子。

　　7. C) 【句意】約翰的考試分數(shù)全班高；他

　　昨天晚上一定學習了。��

　　【難點】表示對過去某一動作行為的猜測須要用must have done這一句型結(jié)構(gòu)。��

　　8. B) 【句意】弗蘭克幾乎從未受過任何教育，是不是?��

　　【難點】這是一句含有否定副詞never的一般過去時的句子，由于主句為

　　否定形式，所以反意問句用肯定形式。��

　　9. C) 【句意】即使他的信明天到也無濟于事了。��

　　【難點】在條件句中表示現(xiàn)在將來的時間，需要用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句中使

　　用將來時。��

　　10. C) 【句意】我們在房間的后面也能聽得很清楚。��

　　【難點】as well意為“(程度)同樣地好”，是副詞短語修飾動詞hear；just表示程度，意為“剛好”。��

　　11. A) 【句意】為獲得一個滿意的結(jié)果，你必

　　須在一個干凈的表面上涂兩層油漆。��

　　【難點】coat意為“覆蓋物，層”;level意為“(建筑物)樓層”;times意

　　為“次，回”;courses意為“(一層)磚面；一排”。��

　　12. C) 【句意】這個小山村被大雪封住達一個多月。��

　　【難點】cut back意為“削減；縮減”;cut out意為“停止；切下”;cut

　　off意為“切斷；使隔斷”;cut away意為“切除；砍掉”。��

　　13. A) 【句意】格林小姐因酒后駕車被罰100美元。��

　　【難點】fine意為“處…以罰金”;charge意為“要(價)，收(費)，要(人)支付(錢)”;punish意為“罰，懲罰”;pose意為“造成，引起(困難)”。��

　　14. B) 【句意】現(xiàn)代技術(shù)所引發(fā)的問題也許比

　　它所能解決的要多。��

　　【難點】technique意為“技法；具體的技術(shù)”;technology意為“工業(yè)技術(shù)”;tactics意為“戰(zhàn)術(shù)，兵法，策略”；tendency意為“傾向”。��

　　15. C) 【句意】瑪麗躡手躡腳走過來把鐘拿走

　　了，因為她討厭在自己想睡覺的時候聽它滴噠地響。��

　　【難點】sound意為“作聲，發(fā)聲，響”;ring意為“鳴，發(fā)出清脆響亮的聲音”;tick

　　意為“發(fā)出滴噠聲”;hum意為“發(fā)連續(xù)低沉的聲音(如蜜蜂、馬達的嗡嗡聲)”。��

　　16. C) 【句意】在這種強大的壓力下，一些巖

　　石甚至變成了液體。��

　　【難點】intensive意為“加強的；集中的”;weighty意為“沉重的；笨

　　重的“;intense意為”強烈的，劇烈的“;bulky意為”龐大的；粗壯的“。��

　　17. C) 【句意】當然，大多數(shù)移民不是一夜之

　　間就發(fā)財?shù)�，但是他們大多終改善了自己的生活水平。��

　　【難點】maximum意為“大限量；高點”;minority意為“少數(shù)，半數(shù)

　　以下“;majority意為”大多數(shù)“;minimum意為”低限度，低點“。��

　　18. A) 【句意】南希對他們的離婚表示十分驚訝，因為他們似乎是一對快樂的夫婦。��

　　【難點】split up意為“分裂，離婚”;break down意為“(精神方面)垮

　　掉；(健康)變得

　　衰弱；崩潰“;fall through意為”失�。怀蔀榕萦啊�;knock out意為”使筋疲力盡“。��

　　19. B) 【句意】這片海灘所處位置理想，吸引了很多游客。��

　　【難點】condition意為“狀況；形勢”;situation意為“位置，地點，

　　環(huán)境“;state意為”狀態(tài)，情形“;publicity意為”公眾的注意，名聲“。��

　　20. D) 【句意】我們的感官能力隨著年齡的增

　　長而下降。比如說，到60歲的時候，多數(shù)人失去了他們40%的嗅覺能力和50%的味覺能力。��

　　【難點】sensible意為“明智的，合情理的”;senseless意為“失去知覺

　　的，不省人事的“;sensitive意為”敏感的“;sensory意為”感覺的，傳遞感覺的“。��

　　21. B) 【句意】他們的大孩子被徹底寵壞了，因為他要什么，他們就給什么。��

　　【難點】waste意為“使衰弱；使消瘦”;spoil意為“寵壞，溺愛”;destroy意為“破壞；毀滅”;uneducated意為“未受(良好)教育的”。��

　　22. C) 【句意】如果一種物質(zhì)溶解在水里或被

　　加熱，它可能釋放出一種氣體。��

　　【難點】give into為非固定搭配；give over意為“托付，交托”；give off意為“散發(fā)”；give away意為“送掉，分發(fā)(獎品)等”。