Translation from English into Chinese 2 hours
Read the following two passages.
Translate them into Chinese.
Write your answers on this paper.
You may use the additional paper for any rough work but you must copy your answers onto this paper.
Passage 1
The Atlantic Alliance Needs Tending
The U.S. and Europe. These days, they bicker almost like a couple whose long marriage is in danger of unravelling. The litany of misunderstandings and mutual resentment seems to be growing. From the death penalty to steel tariffs, from the Israeli-Palestinian conflict to military spending, there is an abyss between American and European positions on innumerable issues.
Each side feels the other isn’t shouldering enough of the burdens facing both. The Europeans see an unbending posture, from the Bush Administration’s protecting inefficient U.S. steel companies to its threats to take out Iraq’s Saddam Hussein—alone, if necessary. U.S. policymakers, for their part, are losing patience with Europeans’ inability to get serious about defence spending. The war in Afghanistan has brought home the reality that much of Europe has fallen behind in military technology. And Washington is annoyed at Europe’s feckless attempts at economic reforms. As a result, Europe couldn’t play the role of economic locomotive to help pull the U.S. out of its downturn in 2001. This year, Europe is set to grow less than the U.S. once again.
Relationships in trouble can be fixed, and this one had better be. In a world increasingly fraught with danger, European leaders must commit themselves to bigger military budgets or risk being marginalised by the U.S. military machine. The $ 45.1 billion hike in military spending the Bush Administration is pushing for next year is $12.1 billion more than the entire defence budget of France. The U.S. could help by opening up more of its vast military market to European partners. And Washington should realise that in many global challenges a smart multilateral approach can be much more effective than unilateralism.
A world in which the U.S. and Europe go off on their own, in which the Atlantic alliance is reduced to mere lip service to ideals long since abandoned, is a frightening one.
Passage 2
New Technologies
Some new technologies are frightening from the start, and the need to establish political controls over their development and use is obvious to all. When the first atomic bomb was detonated at Alamogordo, New Mexico, in the summer of 1945, not one of the witnesses to this event failed to understand that a terrible new potential for destruction had been created. Nuclear weapons were thus from the very beginning ringed with political controls: Individuals could not freely develop nuclear technology on their own or traffic in the parts necessary to create atomic bombs, and in time, nations that became signatories to the 1968 nonproliferation treaty agreed to control international trade in nuclear technology.
Other new technologies appear to be much more benign, and are consequently subject to little or no regulation. Personal computers and the Internet, for example, promised to create wealth, increase access to information, and foster community among their users. People have had to look hard for downsides to the information revolution. What they have found to date are issues like the so-called “digital divide” (i.e., inequality of access to information technology) and threats to privacy, neither of which qualify as earth-shaking matters of justice or morality. Despite occasional efforts on the part of the world’s more statist societies to try to control the use of information technology, it has blossomed in recent years.
Biotechnology falls somewhere between these extremes. Transgenic crops and human genetic engineering make people far more uneasy than do personal computers or the Internet. But biotechnology also promises important benefits for human health and well-being. When presented with an advance like the ability to cure diabetes, it is hard for people to articulate reasons why their unease with the technology should stand in the way of progress. It is easiest to object to a new biotechnology if its development leads to a botched clinical trial or to a deadly allergic reaction to a genetically modified food. But the real threat of biotechnology lies in the possibilities of human cloning, “designer babies”—eugenic selection for intelligence, sex, and personality—and eventually, the end of the human species as such.
Part 2
Translation from Chinese into English 2 hours
Read the following two passages.
Translate them into English.
Write your answers on this paper.
You may use the additional paper for any rough work but you must copy your answers onto this paper.
Passage 1
引導(dǎo)農(nóng)民向城市轉(zhuǎn)移
中國(guó)有12多億人口，農(nóng)民占了9億多。盡管農(nóng)村社會(huì)在進(jìn)一步分化，但農(nóng)村人口卻沒有減少，反而在增加。據(jù)中國(guó)社科院調(diào)查，與1978年相比，1999年農(nóng)民增加了800多萬(wàn)人。一份研究報(bào)告指出，“沒有城市化的發(fā)展，農(nóng)村、農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)民的問題也不可能得到有效解決。過去人們常講，農(nóng)民問題歸根到底是土地問題，這個(gè)問題已經(jīng)基本解決了。現(xiàn)在的農(nóng)民問題是就業(yè)問題。”因此，調(diào)整城鄉(xiāng)社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)，加快城市化的步伐，改變城市化嚴(yán)重滯后于工業(yè)化的狀況，應(yīng)是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家估計(jì)，到2005年，中國(guó)農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力將上升至兩億人，這一龐大人口需要城市來吸納。
轉(zhuǎn)移龐大的農(nóng)村人口，僅靠大城市顯然是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的，因?yàn)榇蟪鞘械木蜆I(yè)壓力普遍較重。一些專家認(rèn)為，農(nóng)村人口轉(zhuǎn)移的出路還是應(yīng)以小城鎮(zhèn)為主。城鎮(zhèn)居民的生活支出、子女的教育投入等都比農(nóng)民高出許多，城鎮(zhèn)提供的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)也遠(yuǎn)比農(nóng)村多。
Passage 2
中年人的閱讀
隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，書會(huì)像潮水一樣涌來。不能隨便歌頌書了，書往往是一些垃圾。清除垃圾很難，但起碼可以繞開，繞得越遠(yuǎn)越好。當(dāng)然有時(shí)候?qū)τ谀承⿻氖桦x，不只是書本身的問題，而主要是人的問題：作為一個(gè)讀者，他的心情變了。
讓青少年興奮的書，中老年人不一定看。人一到了中年，心情多多少少變得蒼涼了。中年人的情感既結(jié)實(shí)又樸素，這就影響到書的選擇。有閱讀能力和閱讀習(xí)慣的中年人是很多的，他們的知識(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)和判斷力有可能在深層左右著閱讀的方向和趣味。中年人更愿意看真實(shí)事件和場(chǎng)景的記錄，比如重要人物的傳記，游歷筆記，回憶錄和目擊記，地理勘察錄，探險(xiǎn)記等等。在這種閱讀中有一些特別的快感，那是因?yàn)檎麄�(gè)過程始終伴隨了這樣的提醒：這些文字是真實(shí)的。
