英語中的“否定轉(zhuǎn)移”結(jié)構(gòu)在語義上可分為以下兩類:
一、在含有賓語從句的主從復合句中,若賓語從句是表否定意義,而且主句中含有表看法的動詞think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等謂語動詞時,則習慣上把賓語從句中的否定詞not前移到主句的謂語動詞中。即主句的謂語動詞用否定式,而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。如:
I don't think it's necessary to read this book. 我認為沒有必要去讀這本書。
I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回來。
二、在表感覺的動詞“appear, feel like, seem, look, feel, sound, as if + 從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句的否定詞常移到這些動詞或短語的前面。如:
It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 看來他們不知道往哪去。
It doesn't sound as if he knew what had happened. 聽起來他好像不知道剛才所發(fā)生的事情。
It doesn't look like it's going to rain. 看起來好像不會下雨。
注意:若謂語動詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你沒有生病吧。
此外,還要注意以下否定轉(zhuǎn)移情況:
一、當由until作為連詞或介詞所引導的時間狀語從句或短語中含有否定詞時,常轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語動詞中,構(gòu)成“...not...until...”結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
He doesn't go to bed until eleven every night. 他每晚直到11點才睡覺。
二、在一些部分否定中,也可將否定謂語動詞的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主語上。如:
Not all the people knew the truth. (=All the people didn't know the truth.)
并不是所有的人都知道事情的真相。
【注意】下列情況通常不用進行否定轉(zhuǎn)移。
1、主句的謂語動詞為一般過去時或過去完成時時。例如:
He thought that it was not his duty to help Tom. 他認為幫助湯姆不是他的責任。
2、主句的謂語動詞為過去進行時時。例如:
Mary was thinking the room was not hot enough.瑪麗在想那房間還不夠熱。
3、主句的謂語動詞為現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時時。例如:
We have supposed we will not trouble you again.我們想我們不會再麻煩你了。
4、當think用在疑問句中時,一般不要求否定轉(zhuǎn)移。
Why do you think we can’t change your note? 你為什么認為我們換不開你的鈔票呢?
Do you think my mother wouldn’t permit this? 你認為我媽媽不會答應嗎?
5、當主句中的謂語動詞與情態(tài)動詞連用時,不屬于否定轉(zhuǎn)移。例如:
The boss must think I am not fit for the job.老板一定認為我不適合這項工作。
6、當主句中的謂語動詞被加強語氣的助動詞do, does, did修飾時,否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。例如:
I do think it is wise of her to say so.我確實認為她這么說是明智的。
I do believe she doesn’t tell a lie. 我真的相信她沒有撒謊。
7、當賓語從句中有no, never, hardly等否定詞時,否定通常不轉(zhuǎn)移。例如:
I believe Tom never tells a lie.我相信湯姆從來不撒謊。
8、當賓語從句中含有not at all, not a bit, not…enough, can’t help doing等一些固定詞組時,否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。例如:
I think she is not tired at all.我想她一點也不累。
I think I can’t help laughing if I see it.我想我看見它時會忍不住大笑。
一、在含有賓語從句的主從復合句中,若賓語從句是表否定意義,而且主句中含有表看法的動詞think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等謂語動詞時,則習慣上把賓語從句中的否定詞not前移到主句的謂語動詞中。即主句的謂語動詞用否定式,而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。如:
I don't think it's necessary to read this book. 我認為沒有必要去讀這本書。
I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回來。
二、在表感覺的動詞“appear, feel like, seem, look, feel, sound, as if + 從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句的否定詞常移到這些動詞或短語的前面。如:
It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 看來他們不知道往哪去。
It doesn't sound as if he knew what had happened. 聽起來他好像不知道剛才所發(fā)生的事情。
It doesn't look like it's going to rain. 看起來好像不會下雨。
注意:若謂語動詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你沒有生病吧。
此外,還要注意以下否定轉(zhuǎn)移情況:
一、當由until作為連詞或介詞所引導的時間狀語從句或短語中含有否定詞時,常轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語動詞中,構(gòu)成“...not...until...”結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
He doesn't go to bed until eleven every night. 他每晚直到11點才睡覺。
二、在一些部分否定中,也可將否定謂語動詞的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主語上。如:
Not all the people knew the truth. (=All the people didn't know the truth.)
并不是所有的人都知道事情的真相。
【注意】下列情況通常不用進行否定轉(zhuǎn)移。
1、主句的謂語動詞為一般過去時或過去完成時時。例如:
He thought that it was not his duty to help Tom. 他認為幫助湯姆不是他的責任。
2、主句的謂語動詞為過去進行時時。例如:
Mary was thinking the room was not hot enough.瑪麗在想那房間還不夠熱。
3、主句的謂語動詞為現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時時。例如:
We have supposed we will not trouble you again.我們想我們不會再麻煩你了。
4、當think用在疑問句中時,一般不要求否定轉(zhuǎn)移。
Why do you think we can’t change your note? 你為什么認為我們換不開你的鈔票呢?
Do you think my mother wouldn’t permit this? 你認為我媽媽不會答應嗎?
5、當主句中的謂語動詞與情態(tài)動詞連用時,不屬于否定轉(zhuǎn)移。例如:
The boss must think I am not fit for the job.老板一定認為我不適合這項工作。
6、當主句中的謂語動詞被加強語氣的助動詞do, does, did修飾時,否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。例如:
I do think it is wise of her to say so.我確實認為她這么說是明智的。
I do believe she doesn’t tell a lie. 我真的相信她沒有撒謊。
7、當賓語從句中有no, never, hardly等否定詞時,否定通常不轉(zhuǎn)移。例如:
I believe Tom never tells a lie.我相信湯姆從來不撒謊。
8、當賓語從句中含有not at all, not a bit, not…enough, can’t help doing等一些固定詞組時,否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。例如:
I think she is not tired at all.我想她一點也不累。
I think I can’t help laughing if I see it.我想我看見它時會忍不住大笑。