2011年7-8月GMAT作文機經(jīng)(至8.3)
1. 有一個fitness的雜志，當(dāng)以一種健身機作為特色時就常常賣光，結(jié)果一個鎮(zhèn)為了限度提高鎮(zhèn)民的健身水平?jīng)Q定為鎮(zhèn)上的健身中心裝備這種機器。
題庫原題：
62. The following appeared in the letters-to-the-editor section of a local newspaper.
“Muscle Monthly, a fitness magazine that regularly features pictures of bodybuilders using state-of-the-art exercise machines, frequently sells out, according to the owner of Skyview Newsstand. To help maximize fitness levels in our town’s residents, we should, therefore, equip our new community fitness center with such machines.”
Discuss how well reasoned... etc.
思路提供： 反駁的思路包括，雜志賣的好的原因可能有很多，強拉因果，即使人們喜歡這機器不代表這個鎮(zhèn)子的人喜歡，即使鎮(zhèn)子的人喜歡不代表會因為它而去健身，即使它能夠吸引鎮(zhèn)上人去fitness center能否化鎮(zhèn)民健身水平也不一定。61. 本地報紙上給編者的信板塊：
一份叫Muscle Monthly的健康雜志規(guī)律性地刊登使用的訓(xùn)練器械的健美運動員的照片。據(jù)skyview報攤的攤主說它經(jīng)常賣完。為了提高我鎮(zhèn)居民的健康水平，我們應(yīng)該給我們的新健身中心裝備這樣的器械。
提供觀點：
1、 如果雜志賣光得快不一定是因為這個器材好，很可能是價錢便宜，和其他的內(nèi)容。
2、 那些人很可能并不真正用這些機器，而只是擺出造型。
3、 如果是為了body-building的機器很可能不能fitness。比如，cardiovascular fitness。
1、 The bodybuilders may just pretend to be using the state-of-the-art exercise machines while, in fact, their excellent body conditions are due to the use of other types of equipment. And, they just do so for the advertisement purpose.
2、 The circulation is just one of the indicators of the popularity of the magazine. What is more, I can find no direct relationship between the popularity of the magazine and the author’s suggestion that we should equip the community with the state-of-the-art excercise machine.
3、 The machines for body building will not necessarily have the same effect on fitness.
北美范文
In this argument the author concludes that the new community fitness center should be equipped with the state-of-the-art exercise machines featured in Powerflex magazine. In support of this recommendation two reasons are offered: (1) Powerflex contains pictures of bodybuilders using such machines, and (2) Powerflex is a popular magazine, as evidenced by the fact that it frequently sells out at the local newsstand.
This argument is questionable on two counts.
First, a major implication of the argument is that the bodybuilders pictured using the machines in Powerflex magazine reached their state of fitness as a result of using these machines. The only evidence offered to support this contention, however, is the pictures in the magazine. It is possible that the bodybuilders pictured use different equipment for their workouts and are merely posing with the machines for advertising purposes.
Second, the author assumes that machines that are suitable for bodybuilding will also be suitable to help maximize the fitness levels of the town’s residents. This assumption is highly questionable. Machines designed to increase muscle development are significantly different from those designed to increase cardiovascular fitness. Consequently, it is unlikely that the machines pictured in the magazine will be of much use to help maximize the fitness levels of the town’s residents.
In conclusion, this argument is unconvincing. To strengthen the argument the author would have to show that the bodybuilders pictured using the exercise machines actually used the machines to reach their level of muscle development. Additionally, the author would have to show that the machines were suitable for increasing the fitness levels of the persons using them.
2. M（人名）上任S市的市長后 失業(yè)率上升 人口下降 每一家商店開門就有2家關(guān)門
N(人名）4年前的市長，在位的時候失業(yè)率下降 人口上升
所以作者得出結(jié)論應(yīng)該重新選N擔(dān)任市長
題庫原題11：The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.
“In the first four years that Montoya has served as mayor of the city of San Perdito, the population has decreased and the unemployment rate has increased. Two businesses have closed for each new business that has opened. Under Varro, who served as mayor for four years before Montoya, the unemployment rate decreased and the population increased. Clearly, the residents of San Perdito would be best served if they voted Montoya out of office and reelected Varro.”
地方性報紙的編者按：
在Montoya當(dāng)San Perdito市長的頭4年里，人口下降而失業(yè)率上升。每當(dāng)一個新企業(yè)開業(yè)，就有兩個舊的關(guān)門。而在Montoya之前Uarro當(dāng)市長的4年里，失業(yè)率下降人口增長。很明顯，San Perdito的居民重新選舉Varro而非Montoya會得到更好的服務(wù)。
提供觀點：
1. It is fallacious reasoning unless other possible casual explanations have been considered and ruled out. recession depression downturn低迷時期 is part of a picture of ... mayor
2. set the stage for Yet another possibility is that Varro enjoyed a period of economic stability and Varro’s own administration set the stage for the unemployment and the decline in population .
3. availability emotionally intentionally specific specifically anger angry citizen thereby bypass
4. cast one’s vote for sb. eliminate abolish casual emotional appeal
1， 缺乏standard ratio of the closed business to new business in the whole country, 不能說兩個倒閉一個開就是壞事，很可能淘汰eliminate through selection or contest了out of date的企業(yè)，建立了更多具有competitive advantages 的企業(yè)。也是好事。
2， 未排除他因造成了不同。很可能是因為在P在任期間，全國的經(jīng)濟不景氣，造成了事業(yè)更增加。而不是兩個市長的不同。假定過去和現(xiàn)在一樣，也是個錯誤！recession depression downturn低迷時期
北美范文：
The recommendation endorsed in this argument is that residents of San Perdito vote current mayor Montoya out of office, and re-elect former mayor Varro. The reasons cited are that during Montoya’s four years in office the population has decreased while unemployment has increased, whereas during Varro’s term unemployment declined while the population grew. This argument involves the sort of gross oversimplification and emotional appeal typical of political rhetoric; for this reason it is unconvincing.
First of all, the author assumes that the Montoya administration caused the unemployment in San Perdito as well as its population loss. The line of reasoning is that because Montoya was elected before the rise in unemployment and the decline in population, the former event caused the latter. But this is fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out. For example, perhaps a statewide or nationwide recession is the cause of these events. Or perhaps the current economic downturn is part of a larger picture of economic cycles and trends, and has nothing to do with who happens to be mayor. Yet another possibility is that Varro enjoyed a period of economic stability and Varro’s own administration set the stage for the unemployment and the decline in population the city is now experiencing under Montoya.
Secondly, job availability and the economic health of one’s community are issues that affect people emotionally. The argument at hand might have been intentionally oversimplified for the specific purpose of angering citizens of San Perdito, and thereby turning them against the incumbent mayor. Arguments that bypass relevant, complex reasoning in favor of stirring up emotions do nothing to establish their conclusions; they are also unfair to the parties involved.
In conclusion, I would not cast my vote for Varro on the basis of this weak argument. The author must provide support for the assumption that Mayor Montoya has caused San Perdito’s poor economy. Moreover, such support would have to involve examining and eliminating other possible causal factors. Only with more convincing evidence could this argument become more than just an emotional appeal.
3. volunteer ambulance service 對 accident 的反應(yīng)速度沒有commercial ambulance service 快，還講了點其它的， 然后說要廢除volunteer ambulance service, hire a commercial ambulance service.
題庫原題：The following appeared in the editorial section of a West Cambria newspaper.
“A recent review of the West Cambria volunteer ambulance service revealed a longer average response time to accidents than was reported by a commercial ambulance squad located in East Cambria. In order to provide better patient care for accident victims and to raise revenue for our town by collecting service fees for ambulance use, we should disband our volunteer service and hire a commercial ambulance service.”
北美范文：
In this argument the author concludes that West Cambria can increase revenues and provide better care to accident victims by disbanding the volunteer ambulance service and hiring a commercial one. The author reasons that this change would yield additional revenues because service fees could be imposed for ambulance use. The author also reasons that the city would provide better service to accident victims because a commercial service would respond more quickly to accidents than a volunteer service would. The author’s argument is flawed in two respects.
To begin with, the author’s plan for raising revenue for West Cambria is questionable. Unless the service fees are considerable or the accident rate is extremely high, it is unlikely that significant revenues will be raised by charging a fee for ambulance use. Consequently, revenue generation is not a good reason to disband the volunteer service and hire a commercial service.
Next, the author’s belief that better patient care would be provided by a commercial ambulance service than by a volunteer service is based on insufficient evidence. The fact that the commercial service in East Cambria has a lower average response time than the volunteer service in West Cambria is insufficient evidence for the claim that this will be the case for all commercial services. Moreover, the author’s recommendation depends upon the assumption that response time to an accident is the only factor that influences patient care. Other pertinent factors—such as ambulance-crew proficiency and training, and emergency equipment—are not considered.
In conclusion, this argument is unconvincing. To strengthen the argument the author would have to show that substantial revenue for the town could be raised by charging service fees for ambulance use. Additionally, the author would have to provide more evidence to support the claim that commercial ambulance services provide better patient care than volunteer services.
4. 說發(fā)現(xiàn)8-10月買衣服的profit下降而賣家具的profit上升了，所以要撤掉部分的衣服的department，增加家具的department
題庫原題：No.72 the following appeared as part of a recommendation from the business manager of a department store:
“Local clothing stores reported that their profits decreased, on average, for the three-month period between August 1 and October 31. Stores that sell products for the home reported that, on average, their profits increased during this same period. Clearly, consumers are choosing to buy products for their homes instead of clothing. To take advantage of this trend, we should reduce the size of our clothing departments and enlarge our home furnishings and household products departments.”
72. 專賣店的商務(wù)經(jīng)理的備忘錄：
本地服裝店報告說從8月1號到10月31號的3個月里他們的平均利潤下降。銷售家庭用品的商店卻報告同期的平均利潤上升。很明顯，顧客正選擇為他們的家里購買用品而不是買衣物。為了利用這個趨勢，我們應(yīng)該縮減我們的服裝部規(guī)模而擴大家庭裝飾和家務(wù)用品部
范文：Based upon sales reports over a three-month period that indicate an increase in profits for stores that sell products for the home and a decrease in profits for clothing stores, the business manager of a department store concludes that consumers are choosing to purchase home furnishings rather than clothing. On the basis of this conclusion, the manager recommends a reduction in the size of the clothing department and an increase in the size of the home-furnishings department. This recommendation is problematic in two critical respects.
In the first place, the author’s conclusion that consumers are choosing to buy products for their homes instead of clothing is based upon too small a sample. Data gathered from a three-month period is insufficient to establish the conclusion drawn from it. It is quite possible that the three-month period chosen is idiosyncratic and not representative of entire year’s sales. If so, reducing the size of the clothing departments and enlarging the home-furnishings departments may be a costly mistake.
In the second place, the data collected during the three month period may be biased. The fact that the data reflects sales in local stores is cause for concern. It is possible that the sales trend in a particular location is not representative of sales in other regions. For example, sales of clothing in Florida during the winter months are likely to be quite different from sales of clothing in Alaska during the same period.
In conclusion, this argument is not persuasive as it stands. A more convincing argument must provide additional sales data, collected at different periods of the year and at different locations, that substantiates the trend in question.
16. AA：
No.32 “A recent review of the West Cambria volunteer ambulance service revealed a longer average response time to accidents than was reported by a commercial ambulance squad located in East Cambria. In order to provide better patient care for accident victims and to raise revenue for our town by collecting service fees for ambulance use, we should disband our volunteer service and hire a commercial ambulance service.”
提供觀點：
1. 對事故的反映時間誠然是評價服務(wù)質(zhì)量的一個因素但并不是的因素.所以僅僅因為東區(qū)的商業(yè)救護班的反映時間短就認定商業(yè)救護辦的服務(wù)更好是gratuitous的.
2. 就算東區(qū)的商業(yè)班的服務(wù)質(zhì)量更好也并不意味著,西區(qū)用商業(yè)班就會有一樣的成效.因為東西區(qū)的情況是不同的.很可能西區(qū)的志愿者更有服務(wù),獻身意識.
3. 此外除非商業(yè)班收十分昂貴的服務(wù)費用或者有十分多的事故事實這些都是不可能的, 改成商業(yè)是不見得就可以給該鎮(zhèn)增加很多稅收的.所以把這一點作為理由是不正確的.
considerable revenue significant significance consequently consequence ... is insufficient evidence for the claim that this will be the case for ... ambulance-crew proficiency training emergency
1、錯誤類比 兩個城市不一樣，很可能因為西和東的不一樣，比如，路的情況traffic condition�？赡軚|的車輛更好。服務(wù)的態(tài)度更好。
而且沒有說東的志愿情況如何，很可能東的志愿比商業(yè)的快。
2、草率的判斷：就算是商業(yè)的更快，也不一定更好。反映時間不是的因素，有其他——比如服務(wù)的質(zhì)量，態(tài)度，器材等等。
3、另外，除非商業(yè)可以charge considerable fees 或者 accident rate非常高，否則未必帶來可觀的revenue。
1.response time 并不是衡量服務(wù)質(zhì)量的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
2.West 和East情況不同，不能比較，比如West的交通很差
3.commercial必須要收取一個比較高的fee才能使town得revenue上升，具體數(shù)字未給出
北美范文：
In this argument the author concludes that West Cambria can increase revenues and provide better care to accident victims by disbanding the volunteer ambulance service and hiring a commercial one. The author reasons that this change would yield additional revenues because service fees could be imposed for ambulance use. The author also reasons that the city would provide better service to accident victims because a commercial service would respond more quickly to accidents than a volunteer service would. The author’s argument is flawed in two respects.
To begin with, the author’s plan for raising revenue for West Cambria is questionable. Unless the service fees are considerable or the accident rate is extremely high, it is unlikely that significant revenues will be raised by charging a fee for ambulance use. Consequently, revenue generation is not a good reason to disband the volunteer service and hire a commercial service.
Next, the author’s belief that better patient care would be provided by a commercial ambulance service than by a volunteer service is based on insufficient evidence. The fact that the commercial service in East Cambria has a lower average response time than the volunteer service in West Cambria is insufficient evidence for the claim that this will be the case for all commercial services. Moreover, the author’s recommendation depends upon the assumption that response time to an accident is the only factor that influences patient care. Other pertinent factors—such as ambulance-crew proficiency and training, and emergency equipment—are not considered.
In conclusion, this argument is unconvincing. To strengthen the argument the author would have to show that substantial revenue for the town could be raised by charging service fees for ambulance use. Additionally, the author would have to provide more evidence to support the claim that commercial ambulance services provide better patient care than volunteer services.
1. 有一個fitness的雜志，當(dāng)以一種健身機作為特色時就常常賣光，結(jié)果一個鎮(zhèn)為了限度提高鎮(zhèn)民的健身水平?jīng)Q定為鎮(zhèn)上的健身中心裝備這種機器。
題庫原題：
62. The following appeared in the letters-to-the-editor section of a local newspaper.
“Muscle Monthly, a fitness magazine that regularly features pictures of bodybuilders using state-of-the-art exercise machines, frequently sells out, according to the owner of Skyview Newsstand. To help maximize fitness levels in our town’s residents, we should, therefore, equip our new community fitness center with such machines.”
Discuss how well reasoned... etc.
思路提供： 反駁的思路包括，雜志賣的好的原因可能有很多，強拉因果，即使人們喜歡這機器不代表這個鎮(zhèn)子的人喜歡，即使鎮(zhèn)子的人喜歡不代表會因為它而去健身，即使它能夠吸引鎮(zhèn)上人去fitness center能否化鎮(zhèn)民健身水平也不一定。61. 本地報紙上給編者的信板塊：
一份叫Muscle Monthly的健康雜志規(guī)律性地刊登使用的訓(xùn)練器械的健美運動員的照片。據(jù)skyview報攤的攤主說它經(jīng)常賣完。為了提高我鎮(zhèn)居民的健康水平，我們應(yīng)該給我們的新健身中心裝備這樣的器械。
提供觀點：
1、 如果雜志賣光得快不一定是因為這個器材好，很可能是價錢便宜，和其他的內(nèi)容。
2、 那些人很可能并不真正用這些機器，而只是擺出造型。
3、 如果是為了body-building的機器很可能不能fitness。比如，cardiovascular fitness。
1、 The bodybuilders may just pretend to be using the state-of-the-art exercise machines while, in fact, their excellent body conditions are due to the use of other types of equipment. And, they just do so for the advertisement purpose.
2、 The circulation is just one of the indicators of the popularity of the magazine. What is more, I can find no direct relationship between the popularity of the magazine and the author’s suggestion that we should equip the community with the state-of-the-art excercise machine.
3、 The machines for body building will not necessarily have the same effect on fitness.
北美范文
In this argument the author concludes that the new community fitness center should be equipped with the state-of-the-art exercise machines featured in Powerflex magazine. In support of this recommendation two reasons are offered: (1) Powerflex contains pictures of bodybuilders using such machines, and (2) Powerflex is a popular magazine, as evidenced by the fact that it frequently sells out at the local newsstand.
This argument is questionable on two counts.
First, a major implication of the argument is that the bodybuilders pictured using the machines in Powerflex magazine reached their state of fitness as a result of using these machines. The only evidence offered to support this contention, however, is the pictures in the magazine. It is possible that the bodybuilders pictured use different equipment for their workouts and are merely posing with the machines for advertising purposes.
Second, the author assumes that machines that are suitable for bodybuilding will also be suitable to help maximize the fitness levels of the town’s residents. This assumption is highly questionable. Machines designed to increase muscle development are significantly different from those designed to increase cardiovascular fitness. Consequently, it is unlikely that the machines pictured in the magazine will be of much use to help maximize the fitness levels of the town’s residents.
In conclusion, this argument is unconvincing. To strengthen the argument the author would have to show that the bodybuilders pictured using the exercise machines actually used the machines to reach their level of muscle development. Additionally, the author would have to show that the machines were suitable for increasing the fitness levels of the persons using them.
2. M（人名）上任S市的市長后 失業(yè)率上升 人口下降 每一家商店開門就有2家關(guān)門
N(人名）4年前的市長，在位的時候失業(yè)率下降 人口上升
所以作者得出結(jié)論應(yīng)該重新選N擔(dān)任市長
題庫原題11：The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.
“In the first four years that Montoya has served as mayor of the city of San Perdito, the population has decreased and the unemployment rate has increased. Two businesses have closed for each new business that has opened. Under Varro, who served as mayor for four years before Montoya, the unemployment rate decreased and the population increased. Clearly, the residents of San Perdito would be best served if they voted Montoya out of office and reelected Varro.”
地方性報紙的編者按：
在Montoya當(dāng)San Perdito市長的頭4年里，人口下降而失業(yè)率上升。每當(dāng)一個新企業(yè)開業(yè)，就有兩個舊的關(guān)門。而在Montoya之前Uarro當(dāng)市長的4年里，失業(yè)率下降人口增長。很明顯，San Perdito的居民重新選舉Varro而非Montoya會得到更好的服務(wù)。
提供觀點：
1. It is fallacious reasoning unless other possible casual explanations have been considered and ruled out. recession depression downturn低迷時期 is part of a picture of ... mayor
2. set the stage for Yet another possibility is that Varro enjoyed a period of economic stability and Varro’s own administration set the stage for the unemployment and the decline in population .
3. availability emotionally intentionally specific specifically anger angry citizen thereby bypass
4. cast one’s vote for sb. eliminate abolish casual emotional appeal
1， 缺乏standard ratio of the closed business to new business in the whole country, 不能說兩個倒閉一個開就是壞事，很可能淘汰eliminate through selection or contest了out of date的企業(yè)，建立了更多具有competitive advantages 的企業(yè)。也是好事。
2， 未排除他因造成了不同。很可能是因為在P在任期間，全國的經(jīng)濟不景氣，造成了事業(yè)更增加。而不是兩個市長的不同。假定過去和現(xiàn)在一樣，也是個錯誤！recession depression downturn低迷時期
北美范文：
The recommendation endorsed in this argument is that residents of San Perdito vote current mayor Montoya out of office, and re-elect former mayor Varro. The reasons cited are that during Montoya’s four years in office the population has decreased while unemployment has increased, whereas during Varro’s term unemployment declined while the population grew. This argument involves the sort of gross oversimplification and emotional appeal typical of political rhetoric; for this reason it is unconvincing.
First of all, the author assumes that the Montoya administration caused the unemployment in San Perdito as well as its population loss. The line of reasoning is that because Montoya was elected before the rise in unemployment and the decline in population, the former event caused the latter. But this is fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out. For example, perhaps a statewide or nationwide recession is the cause of these events. Or perhaps the current economic downturn is part of a larger picture of economic cycles and trends, and has nothing to do with who happens to be mayor. Yet another possibility is that Varro enjoyed a period of economic stability and Varro’s own administration set the stage for the unemployment and the decline in population the city is now experiencing under Montoya.
Secondly, job availability and the economic health of one’s community are issues that affect people emotionally. The argument at hand might have been intentionally oversimplified for the specific purpose of angering citizens of San Perdito, and thereby turning them against the incumbent mayor. Arguments that bypass relevant, complex reasoning in favor of stirring up emotions do nothing to establish their conclusions; they are also unfair to the parties involved.
In conclusion, I would not cast my vote for Varro on the basis of this weak argument. The author must provide support for the assumption that Mayor Montoya has caused San Perdito’s poor economy. Moreover, such support would have to involve examining and eliminating other possible causal factors. Only with more convincing evidence could this argument become more than just an emotional appeal.
3. volunteer ambulance service 對 accident 的反應(yīng)速度沒有commercial ambulance service 快，還講了點其它的， 然后說要廢除volunteer ambulance service, hire a commercial ambulance service.
題庫原題：The following appeared in the editorial section of a West Cambria newspaper.
“A recent review of the West Cambria volunteer ambulance service revealed a longer average response time to accidents than was reported by a commercial ambulance squad located in East Cambria. In order to provide better patient care for accident victims and to raise revenue for our town by collecting service fees for ambulance use, we should disband our volunteer service and hire a commercial ambulance service.”
北美范文：
In this argument the author concludes that West Cambria can increase revenues and provide better care to accident victims by disbanding the volunteer ambulance service and hiring a commercial one. The author reasons that this change would yield additional revenues because service fees could be imposed for ambulance use. The author also reasons that the city would provide better service to accident victims because a commercial service would respond more quickly to accidents than a volunteer service would. The author’s argument is flawed in two respects.
To begin with, the author’s plan for raising revenue for West Cambria is questionable. Unless the service fees are considerable or the accident rate is extremely high, it is unlikely that significant revenues will be raised by charging a fee for ambulance use. Consequently, revenue generation is not a good reason to disband the volunteer service and hire a commercial service.
Next, the author’s belief that better patient care would be provided by a commercial ambulance service than by a volunteer service is based on insufficient evidence. The fact that the commercial service in East Cambria has a lower average response time than the volunteer service in West Cambria is insufficient evidence for the claim that this will be the case for all commercial services. Moreover, the author’s recommendation depends upon the assumption that response time to an accident is the only factor that influences patient care. Other pertinent factors—such as ambulance-crew proficiency and training, and emergency equipment—are not considered.
In conclusion, this argument is unconvincing. To strengthen the argument the author would have to show that substantial revenue for the town could be raised by charging service fees for ambulance use. Additionally, the author would have to provide more evidence to support the claim that commercial ambulance services provide better patient care than volunteer services.
4. 說發(fā)現(xiàn)8-10月買衣服的profit下降而賣家具的profit上升了，所以要撤掉部分的衣服的department，增加家具的department
題庫原題：No.72 the following appeared as part of a recommendation from the business manager of a department store:
“Local clothing stores reported that their profits decreased, on average, for the three-month period between August 1 and October 31. Stores that sell products for the home reported that, on average, their profits increased during this same period. Clearly, consumers are choosing to buy products for their homes instead of clothing. To take advantage of this trend, we should reduce the size of our clothing departments and enlarge our home furnishings and household products departments.”
72. 專賣店的商務(wù)經(jīng)理的備忘錄：
本地服裝店報告說從8月1號到10月31號的3個月里他們的平均利潤下降。銷售家庭用品的商店卻報告同期的平均利潤上升。很明顯，顧客正選擇為他們的家里購買用品而不是買衣物。為了利用這個趨勢，我們應(yīng)該縮減我們的服裝部規(guī)模而擴大家庭裝飾和家務(wù)用品部
范文：Based upon sales reports over a three-month period that indicate an increase in profits for stores that sell products for the home and a decrease in profits for clothing stores, the business manager of a department store concludes that consumers are choosing to purchase home furnishings rather than clothing. On the basis of this conclusion, the manager recommends a reduction in the size of the clothing department and an increase in the size of the home-furnishings department. This recommendation is problematic in two critical respects.
In the first place, the author’s conclusion that consumers are choosing to buy products for their homes instead of clothing is based upon too small a sample. Data gathered from a three-month period is insufficient to establish the conclusion drawn from it. It is quite possible that the three-month period chosen is idiosyncratic and not representative of entire year’s sales. If so, reducing the size of the clothing departments and enlarging the home-furnishings departments may be a costly mistake.
In the second place, the data collected during the three month period may be biased. The fact that the data reflects sales in local stores is cause for concern. It is possible that the sales trend in a particular location is not representative of sales in other regions. For example, sales of clothing in Florida during the winter months are likely to be quite different from sales of clothing in Alaska during the same period.
In conclusion, this argument is not persuasive as it stands. A more convincing argument must provide additional sales data, collected at different periods of the year and at different locations, that substantiates the trend in question.
16. AA：
No.32 “A recent review of the West Cambria volunteer ambulance service revealed a longer average response time to accidents than was reported by a commercial ambulance squad located in East Cambria. In order to provide better patient care for accident victims and to raise revenue for our town by collecting service fees for ambulance use, we should disband our volunteer service and hire a commercial ambulance service.”
提供觀點：
1. 對事故的反映時間誠然是評價服務(wù)質(zhì)量的一個因素但并不是的因素.所以僅僅因為東區(qū)的商業(yè)救護班的反映時間短就認定商業(yè)救護辦的服務(wù)更好是gratuitous的.
2. 就算東區(qū)的商業(yè)班的服務(wù)質(zhì)量更好也并不意味著,西區(qū)用商業(yè)班就會有一樣的成效.因為東西區(qū)的情況是不同的.很可能西區(qū)的志愿者更有服務(wù),獻身意識.
3. 此外除非商業(yè)班收十分昂貴的服務(wù)費用或者有十分多的事故事實這些都是不可能的, 改成商業(yè)是不見得就可以給該鎮(zhèn)增加很多稅收的.所以把這一點作為理由是不正確的.
considerable revenue significant significance consequently consequence ... is insufficient evidence for the claim that this will be the case for ... ambulance-crew proficiency training emergency
1、錯誤類比 兩個城市不一樣，很可能因為西和東的不一樣，比如，路的情況traffic condition�？赡軚|的車輛更好。服務(wù)的態(tài)度更好。
而且沒有說東的志愿情況如何，很可能東的志愿比商業(yè)的快。
2、草率的判斷：就算是商業(yè)的更快，也不一定更好。反映時間不是的因素，有其他——比如服務(wù)的質(zhì)量，態(tài)度，器材等等。
3、另外，除非商業(yè)可以charge considerable fees 或者 accident rate非常高，否則未必帶來可觀的revenue。
1.response time 并不是衡量服務(wù)質(zhì)量的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
2.West 和East情況不同，不能比較，比如West的交通很差
3.commercial必須要收取一個比較高的fee才能使town得revenue上升，具體數(shù)字未給出
北美范文：
In this argument the author concludes that West Cambria can increase revenues and provide better care to accident victims by disbanding the volunteer ambulance service and hiring a commercial one. The author reasons that this change would yield additional revenues because service fees could be imposed for ambulance use. The author also reasons that the city would provide better service to accident victims because a commercial service would respond more quickly to accidents than a volunteer service would. The author’s argument is flawed in two respects.
To begin with, the author’s plan for raising revenue for West Cambria is questionable. Unless the service fees are considerable or the accident rate is extremely high, it is unlikely that significant revenues will be raised by charging a fee for ambulance use. Consequently, revenue generation is not a good reason to disband the volunteer service and hire a commercial service.
Next, the author’s belief that better patient care would be provided by a commercial ambulance service than by a volunteer service is based on insufficient evidence. The fact that the commercial service in East Cambria has a lower average response time than the volunteer service in West Cambria is insufficient evidence for the claim that this will be the case for all commercial services. Moreover, the author’s recommendation depends upon the assumption that response time to an accident is the only factor that influences patient care. Other pertinent factors—such as ambulance-crew proficiency and training, and emergency equipment—are not considered.
In conclusion, this argument is unconvincing. To strengthen the argument the author would have to show that substantial revenue for the town could be raised by charging service fees for ambulance use. Additionally, the author would have to provide more evidence to support the claim that commercial ambulance services provide better patient care than volunteer services.
