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國際商務(wù)師英語輔導(dǎo):計算技術(shù)與匯總

時間:2011-09-03 06:46:00   來源:幫考網(wǎng)     [字體: ]
國際商務(wù)師英語輔導(dǎo):計算技術(shù)與匯總

服務(wù)器

c2c: card-to-card interleaving,卡到卡交錯存取

cc-numa(cache-coherent non uniform memory access,連貫緩沖非統(tǒng)一內(nèi)存尋址)

chrp(common hardware reference platform,共用硬件平臺,ibm為powerpc制定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),可以兼容mac os, windows nt, solaris, os/2, linux和aix等多種操作系統(tǒng))

emp: emergency management port,緊急事件管理端口

icmb: inter-chassis management bus,內(nèi)部管理總線

mpp(massive parallel processing,巨量平行處理架構(gòu))

mux: data path multiplexor,多重路徑數(shù)據(jù)訪問通信

cti:computer telephone integration,計算機電話綜合技術(shù)

dbs: direct broadcast satellite,直接衛(wèi)星廣播

dwdm: dense wavelength division multiplex,波長密集型復(fù)用技術(shù)

mmds: multichannel multipoint distribution service,多波段多點分發(fā)服務(wù)

pcm: pulse code modulation,脈沖編碼調(diào)制

pstn(public switched telephone network,公用交換式電話網(wǎng))

tapi: telephony application programming interface,電話應(yīng)用程序接口

tsapi: telephony services application programming interface,電話服務(wù)應(yīng)用程序接口

wdm: wavelength division multiplex,波分多路復(fù)用

游戲

act(action,動作類游戲)

arpg(action role play games,動作角色扮演游戲)

avg(adventure genre,冒險類游戲)

dan(dance,跳舞類游戲,包括跳舞機、吉它機、打鼓機等)

dc(dreamcast,世嘉64位游戲機)

etc(etc,其它類游戲,包括模擬飛行)

ffj: force feedback joystick(力量反匱式操縱桿)

fpp(first person game,第一人稱游戲)

ftg(fighting game,格斗類游戲)

gb(game boy,任天堂4位手提游戲機)

gbc(game boy color,任天堂手提16色游戲機)

gg(game gear,世嘉彩色手提游戲機)

fc(famicom,任天堂8位游戲機)

fps(frames per second,幀/秒)

fr(frames rate,游戲運行幀數(shù))

mac(macintosh,蘋果電腦)

n64(nintendo 64,任天堂64位游戲機)

sfc(super famicom,超級任天堂16位游戲機)

slg(simulation game,模擬類游戲)

spg(sports games,運動類游戲)

srpg(strategies role play games,戰(zhàn)略角色扮演游戲)

stg(shoot game,射擊類游戲)

ss(sega saturn,世嘉土星32位游戲機)

pc(personal computer,個人計算機)

ps(play station,索尼32位游戲機)

ps(pocket station,索尼手提游戲機)

rac(race,賽車類游戲)

rts(real time strategies,實時戰(zhàn)略)

rpg(role play games,角色扮演游戲)

tab(table chess,桌棋類游戲)

網(wǎng)絡(luò)

adsl: asymmetric digital subscriber line,不對稱數(shù)字訂閱線路

ah: authentication header,鑒定文件頭

amr(audio/modem riser,音效/數(shù)據(jù)主機板附加直立插卡)

arp(address resolution protocol,地址解析協(xié)議)

atm(asynchronous transfer mode,異步傳輸模式)

bod(bandwidth on demand,彈性帶寬運用)

cbr(committed burst rate,約定突發(fā)速率)

ccirn: coordinating committee for intercontinental research networking,洲際研究網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)調(diào)委員會

ccm(call control manager,撥號控制管理)

cdsl: consumer digital subscriber line(消費者數(shù)字訂閱線路)

cgi(common gateway interface,通用網(wǎng)關(guān)接口)

ciea: commercial internet exchange association,商業(yè)因特網(wǎng)交易協(xié)會

cir(committed infomation rate,約定信息速率)

cts(clear to send,清除發(fā)送)

dbs-pc: direct broadcast satellite pc(人造衛(wèi)星直接廣播式pc)

dce: data circuit terminal equipment,數(shù)據(jù)通信設(shè)備

des: data encryption standard,數(shù)據(jù)加密標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

dmt: discrete multi - tone,不連續(xù)多基頻模式

dns(domain name system,域名系統(tǒng))

docsis(data over cable service interface specifications,線纜服務(wù)接口數(shù)據(jù)規(guī)格)

dte: data terminal equipment,數(shù)據(jù)終端設(shè)備

ebr(excess burst rate,超額突發(fā)速率)

esp: encapsulating security payload,壓縮安全有效載荷

fdm: frequency division multi,頻率分離

flow-control流控制

fricc: federal research internet coordinating committee,聯(lián)邦調(diào)查因特網(wǎng)協(xié)調(diào)委員會

ftp(file transfer protocol,文件傳輸協(xié)議)

ghost:(general hardware oriented system transfer,全面硬件導(dǎo)向系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)移)

hdsl: high bit rate dsl,高比特率數(shù)字訂閱線路

http(hypertext transfer protocol,超文本傳輸協(xié)議)

icmp(internet control message protocol,因特網(wǎng)信息控制協(xié)議)

ietf(internet engineering task framework,因特網(wǎng)工程任務(wù)組)

ike: internet key exchange,因特網(wǎng)密鑰交換協(xié)議

imap4: internet message access protocol version 4,第四版因特網(wǎng)信息存取協(xié)議

internet(因特網(wǎng))

ip(internet protocol,網(wǎng)際協(xié)議)

isdn(integrated service digital network,綜合服務(wù)數(shù)字網(wǎng)絡(luò))

isoc: internet society,因特網(wǎng)協(xié)會

isp(internet service provider,因特網(wǎng)服務(wù)提供商)

lan(local area network,局域網(wǎng))

ldap: lightweight directory access protocol,輕權(quán)目錄訪問協(xié)議

lom(lan-on-montherboard)

iab: internet activities board,因特網(wǎng)工作委員會

ietf: internet engineering task force,因特網(wǎng)工程作業(yè)推動

l2tp(layer 2 tunneling protocol,二級通道協(xié)議)

lmds: local multipoint distributed system,局域多點分布式系統(tǒng)

mime: multipurpose internet mail extension,多用途因特網(wǎng)郵件擴展協(xié)議

mnp: microcom networking protocal

modem(modulator demodulator,調(diào)制解調(diào)器)

nat(network address translation,網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址轉(zhuǎn)換)

nc(network computer,網(wǎng)絡(luò)計算機)

nds: novell directory service,novell目錄服務(wù)

nntp: network news transfer protocol,網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞傳輸協(xié)議

msn: microsoft network,微軟網(wǎng)絡(luò)

ofdm(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing,直角頻率部分多路復(fù)用)

p3p(privacy preference project,個人私隱安全平臺)

pds: public directory support,公眾目錄支持

pgp: pretty good privacy,優(yōu)良保密協(xié)議

pics: platform for internet content selection,因特網(wǎng)內(nèi)容選擇平臺

pof: polymer optical fiber,聚合體光纖

pop3: post office protocol version 3,第三版電子郵局協(xié)議

pptp: point to point tunneling protocol,點對點通道協(xié)議

radsl: rate adaptive dsl,速率自適應(yīng)數(shù)字訂閱線路

rarp(reverse address resolution protocol,反向地址解析協(xié)議)

rdf: resource deXion framework,資源描述框架

rsa(rivest shamir adlemen,一種因特網(wǎng)加密和認(rèn)證體系)

rts(request to send,需求發(fā)送)

sis: switched internetworking services(交換式網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)服務(wù))

s/mime: secure mime,安全多用途因特網(wǎng)郵件擴展協(xié)議

snmp(simple network management protocol,簡單網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理協(xié)議)

smtp(simple mail transfer protocol,簡單郵件傳輸協(xié)議)

skip: simple key exchange internet protocol,因特網(wǎng)簡單密鑰交換協(xié)議

sua(single user account,單用戶帳號)

tcp(transmission control protocol,傳輸控制協(xié)議)

uart(universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter,通用異步接收/發(fā)送裝置)

udp(user datagram protocol,用戶數(shù)據(jù)報協(xié)議)

uls: user location service,用戶定位服務(wù)

vod: video on demand,視頻點播

*: virtual private network,虛擬局域網(wǎng)

www(world wide web,萬維網(wǎng),是因特網(wǎng)的一部分)

視頻

3d:three dimensional,三維

3ds(3d subsystem,三維子系統(tǒng))

ae(atmospheric effects,霧化效果)

afr(alternate frame rendering,交替渲染技術(shù))

anisotropic filtering(各向異性過濾)

appe(advanced packet parsing engine,增強形幀解析引擎)

av(analog video,模擬視頻)

back buffer,后置緩沖

backface culling(隱面消除)

battle for eyeballs(眼球大戰(zhàn),各3d圖形芯片公司為了爭奪用戶而作的競爭)

bilinear filtering(雙線性過濾)

cem(cube environment mapping,立方環(huán)境映射)

cg(computer graphics,計算機生成圖像)

clipping(剪貼紋理)

clock synthesizer,時鐘合成器

compressed textures(壓縮紋理)

concurrent command engine,協(xié)作命令引擎

center processing unit utilization,中央處理器占用率

dac(digital to analog converter,數(shù)模傳換器)

decal(印花法,用于生成一些半透明效果,如:鮮血飛濺的場面)

dfp(digital flat panel,數(shù)字式平面顯示器)

dfs: dynamic flat shading(動態(tài)平面描影),可用作加速

dithering(抖動)

directional light,方向性光源

dme: direct memory execute(直接內(nèi)存執(zhí)行)

dof(depth of field,多重境深)

dot texture blending(點型紋理混和)

double buffering(雙緩沖區(qū))

dir(direct rendering infrastructure,基層直接渲染)

dvi(digital video interface,數(shù)字視頻接口)

dxr: dynamicxtended resolution(動態(tài)可擴展分辨率)

dxtc(direct x texture compress,directx紋理壓縮,以s3tc為基礎(chǔ))

dynamic z-buffering(動態(tài)z軸緩沖區(qū)),顯示物體遠(yuǎn)近,可用作遠(yuǎn)景

e-ddc(enhanced display data channel,增強形視頻數(shù)據(jù)通道協(xié)議,定義了顯示輸出與主系統(tǒng)之間的通訊通道,能提高顯示輸出的畫面質(zhì)量)

edge anti-aliasing,邊緣抗鋸齒失真

e-edid(enhanced extended identification data,增強形擴充身份辨識數(shù)據(jù),定義了電腦通訊視頻主系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)格式)

execute buffers,執(zhí)行緩沖區(qū)

environment mapped bump mapping(環(huán)境凹凸映射)

extended burst transactions,增強式突發(fā)處理

front buffer,前置緩沖

flat(平面描影)

frames rate is king(幀數(shù)為王)

fsaa(full scene anti-aliasing,全景抗鋸齒)

fog(霧化效果)

flip double buffered(反轉(zhuǎn)雙緩存)

fog table quality(霧化表畫質(zhì))

gart(graphic address remappng table,圖形地址重繪表)

gouraud shading,高洛德描影,也稱為內(nèi)插法均勻涂色

gpu(graphics processing unit,圖形處理器)

gtf(generalized timing formula,一般程序時間,定義了產(chǎn)生畫面所需要的時間,包括了諸如畫面刷新率等)

hal(hardware abstraction layer,硬件抽像化層)

hardware motion compensation(硬件運動補償)

hdtv(high definition television,高清晰度電視)

hel: hardware emulation layer(硬件模擬層)

high triangle count(復(fù)雜三角形計數(shù))

icd(installable client driver,可安裝客戶端驅(qū)動程序)

idct(inverse discrete cosine transform,非連續(xù)反余弦變換,geforce的dvd硬件強化技術(shù))

immediate mode,直接模式

ippr: image processing and pattern recognition(圖像處理和模式識別)

large textures(大型紋理)

lf(linear filtering,線性過濾,即雙線性過濾)

lighting(光源)

lightmap(光線映射)

local peripheral bus(局域邊緣總線)

mipmapping(mip映射)

modulate(調(diào)制混合)

motion compensation,動態(tài)補償

motion blur(模糊移動)

mpps:million pixels per second,百萬個像素/秒

multi-resolution mesh,多重分辨率組合

multi threaded bus master,多重主控

multitexture(多重紋理)

nerest mipmap(鄰近mip映射,又叫點采樣技術(shù))

overdraw(透支,全景渲染造成的浪費)

partial texture downloads(并行紋理傳輸)

parallel processing perspective engine(平行透視處理器)

pc(perspective correction,透視糾正)

pgc(parallel graphics configuration,并行圖像設(shè)置)

pixel(picture element,圖像元素,又稱p像素,屏幕上的像素點)

point light(一般點光源)

point sampling(點采樣技術(shù),又叫鄰近mip映射)

precise pixel interpolation,精確像素插值

procedural textures(可編程紋理)

ramdac(random access memory digital to analog converter,隨機存儲器數(shù)/模轉(zhuǎn)換器)

reflection mapping(反射貼圖)

render(著色或渲染)

s端子(seperate)

s3(sight、sound、speed,視頻、音頻、速度)

s3tc(s3 texture compress,s3紋理壓縮,僅支持s3顯卡)

s3tl(s3 transformation & lighting,s3多邊形轉(zhuǎn)換和光源處理)

screen buffer(屏幕緩沖)

sdtv(standard definition television,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)清晰度電視)

sem(spherical environment mapping,球形環(huán)境映射)

shading,描影

single pass multi-texturing,單通道多紋理

sli(scanline interleave,掃描線間插,3dfx的雙voodoo 2配合技術(shù))

smart filter(智能過濾)

soft shadows(柔和陰影)

soft reflections(柔和反射)

spot light(小型點光源)

sra(symmetric rendering architecture,對稱渲染架構(gòu))

stencil buffers(模板緩沖)

stream processor(流線處理)

superscaler rendering,超標(biāo)量渲染

tbfb(tile based frame buffer,碎片紋理幀緩存)

texel(t像素,紋理上的像素點)

texture fidelity(紋理真實性)

texture swapping(紋理交換)

t&l(transform and lighting,多邊形轉(zhuǎn)換與光源處理)

t-buffer(t緩沖,3dfx voodoo4的特效,包括全景反鋸齒full-scene anti-aliasing、動態(tài)模糊motion blur、焦點模糊depth of field blur、柔和陰影soft shadows、柔和反射soft reflections)

tca(twin cache architecture,雙緩存結(jié)構(gòu))

transparency(透明狀效果)

transformation(三角形轉(zhuǎn)換)

trilinear filtering(三線性過濾)

texture modes,材質(zhì)模式

tmipm: trilinear mip mapping(三次線性mip材質(zhì)貼圖)

uma(unified memory architecture,統(tǒng)一內(nèi)存架構(gòu))

visualize geometry engine,可視化幾何引擎

vertex lighting(頂點光源)

vertical interpolation(垂直調(diào)變)

vip(video interface port,視頻接口)

virge: video and rendering graphics engine(視頻描寫圖形引擎)

voxel(volume pixels,立體像素,novalogic的技術(shù))

vqtc(vector-quantization texture compression,向量紋理壓縮)

vsis(video signal standard,視頻信號標(biāo)準(zhǔn))

v-sync(同步刷新)

z buffer(z緩存)

音頻

3dpa(3d positional audio,3d定位音頻)

ac(audio codec,音頻多媒體數(shù)字信號編解碼器)

auxiliary input(輔助輸入接口)

cs(channel separation,聲道分離)

ds3d(directsound 3d streams)

dsd(direct stream digital,直接數(shù)字信號流)

dsl(down loadable sample,可下載的取樣音色)

dls-2(downloadable sounds level 2,第二代可下載音色)

eax(environmental audio extensions,環(huán)境音效擴展技術(shù))

extended stereo(擴展式立體聲)

fm(frequency modulation,頻率調(diào)制)

fir(finite impulse response,有限推進響應(yīng))

fr(frequence response,頻率響應(yīng))

fse(frequency shifter effect,頻率轉(zhuǎn)換效果)

hrtf(head related transfer function,頭部關(guān)聯(lián)傳輸功能)

iid(interaural intensity difference,兩側(cè)聲音強度差別)

iir(infinite impulse response,無限推進響應(yīng))

interactive around-sound(交互式環(huán)繞聲)

interactive 3d audio(交互式3d音效)

itd(interaural time difference,兩側(cè)聲音時間延遲差別)

midi: musical instrument digital interface(樂器數(shù)字接口)

nda: non-dword-aligned ,非dword排列

raw pcm: raw pulse code modulated(元脈碼調(diào)制)

rma: realmedia architecture(實媒體架構(gòu))

rtsp: real time streaming protocol(實時流協(xié)議)

sacd(super audio cd,超級音樂cd)

snr(signal to noise ratio,信噪比)

s/pdif(sony/phillips digital interface,索尼/飛利普數(shù)字接口)

srs: sound retrieval system(聲音修復(fù)系統(tǒng))

surround sound(環(huán)繞立體聲)

super intelligent sound asic(超級智能音頻集成電路)

thd+n(total harmonic distortion plus noise,總諧波失真加噪音)

qem(qsound environmental modeling,qsound環(huán)境建模揚聲器組)

wg(wave guide,波導(dǎo)合成)

wt(wave table,波表合成)

顯示設(shè)備

asic: application specific integrated circuit(特殊應(yīng)用積體電路)

asc(auto-sizing and centering,自動調(diào)效屏幕尺寸和中心位置)

asc(anti static coatings,防靜電涂層)

agas(anti glare anti static coatings,防強光、防靜電涂層)

bla: bearn landing area(電子束落區(qū))

bmc(black matrix screen,超黑矩陣屏幕)

crc: cyclical redundancy check(循環(huán)冗余檢查)

crt(cathode ray tube,陰極射線管)

ddc:display data channel,顯示數(shù)據(jù)通道

dec(direct etching coatings,表面蝕刻涂層)

dfl(dynamic focus lens,動態(tài)聚焦)

dfs(digital flex scan,數(shù)字伸縮掃描)

dic: digital image control(數(shù)字圖像控制)

digital multiscan ii(數(shù)字式智能多頻追蹤)

dlp(digital light processing,數(shù)字光處理)

dosd: digital on screen display(同屏數(shù)字化顯示)

dpms(display power management signalling,顯示能源管理信號)

dot pitch(點距)

dql(dynamic quadrapole lens,動態(tài)四極鏡)

dsp(digital signal processing,數(shù)字信號處理)

efeal(extended field elliptical aperture lens,可擴展掃描橢圓孔鏡頭)

frc: frame rate control(幀比率控制)

hvd(high voltage differential,高分差動)

lcd(liquid crystal display,液晶顯示屏)

lcos: liquid crystal on silicon(硅上液晶)

led(light emitting diode,光學(xué)二級管)

l-sagic(low power-small aperture g1 wiht impregnated cathode,低電壓光圈陰極管)

lvd(low voltage differential,低分差動)

lvds: low voltage differential signal(低電壓差動信號)

mals(multi astigmatism lens system,多重散光聚焦系統(tǒng))

mda(monochrome adapter,單色設(shè)備)

ms: magnetic sensors(磁場感應(yīng)器)

porous tungsten(活性鎢)

rsds: reduced swing differential signal(小幅度擺動差動信號)

sc(screen coatings,屏幕涂層)

single ended(單終結(jié))

shadow mask(陰罩式)

tdt(timeing detection table,數(shù)據(jù)測定表)

ticrg: tungsten impregnated cathode ray gun(鎢傳輸陰級射線槍)

tft(thin film transistor,薄膜晶體管)

ucc(ultra clear coatings,超清晰涂層)

vagp: variable aperature grille pitch(可變間距光柵)

vbi: vertical blanking interval(垂直空白間隙)

vdt(video display terminals,視頻顯示終端)

vrr: vertical refresh rate(垂直掃描頻率)

磁盤

aat(average access time,平均存取時間)

abs(auto balance system,自動平衡系統(tǒng))

asmo(advanced storage magneto-optical,增強形光學(xué)存儲器)

ast(average seek time,平均尋道時間)

ata(at attachment,at擴展型)

atomm(advanced super thin-layer and high-output metal media,增強形超薄高速金屬媒體)

bps(bit per second,位/秒)

cam(common access model,公共存取模型)

css(common command set,通用指令集)

dma(direct memory access,直接內(nèi)存存。

dvd(digital video disk,數(shù)字視頻光盤)

eide(enhanced integrated drive electronics,增強形電子集成驅(qū)動器)

fat(file allocation tables,文件分配表)

fdbm(fluid dynamic bearing motors,液態(tài)軸承馬達)

fdc(floppy disk controller,軟盤驅(qū)動器控制裝置)

fdd(floppy disk driver,軟盤驅(qū)動器)

gmr(giant magnetoresistive,巨型磁阻)

hda(head disk assembly,磁頭集合)

hifd(high-capacity floppy disk,高容量軟盤)

ide(integrated drive electronics,電子集成驅(qū)動器)

lba(logical block addressing,邏輯塊尋址)

mbr(master boot record,主引導(dǎo)記錄)

mtbf(mean time before failure,平均故障時間)

pio(programmed input output,可編程輸入輸出模式)

prml(partial response maximum likelihood,大可能部分反應(yīng),用于提高磁盤讀寫傳輸率)

rpm(rotation per minute,轉(zhuǎn)/分)

rsd: removable storage device(移動式存儲設(shè)備)

scsi(small computer system interface,小型計算機系統(tǒng)接口)

scma:scsi configured auto magically,scsi自動配置

s.m.a(chǎn).r.t.(self-monitoring, analysis and reporting technology,自動監(jiān)測、分析和報告技術(shù))

sps(shock protection system,抗震保護系統(tǒng))

sta(scsi trade association,scsi同業(yè)公會)

ultra dma(ultra direct memory access,超高速直接內(nèi)存存取)

lvd(low voltage differential)

seagate硬盤技術(shù)

discwizard(磁盤控制軟件)

dst(drive self test,磁盤自檢程序)

seashield(防靜電防撞擊外殼)

光驅(qū)

atapi(at attachment packet interface)

bcf(boot catalog file,啟動目錄文件)

bif(boot image file,啟動映像文件)

cdr(cd recordable,可記錄光盤)

cd-rom/xa(cd-rom extended architecture,唯讀光盤增強形架構(gòu))

cdrw(cd-rewritable,可重復(fù)刻錄光盤)

clv(constant linear velocity,恒定線速度)

dae(digital audio extraction,數(shù)據(jù)音頻抓取)

ddss(double dynamic suspension system,雙懸浮動態(tài)減震系統(tǒng))

ddss ii(double dynamic suspension system ii,第二代雙層動力懸吊系統(tǒng))

pcav(part constant angular velocity,部分恒定角速度)

vcd(video cd,視頻cd)計算機公司

ali: acer lab(宏棋實驗室)

asf: applied science fiction

amd: advanced micro device(超微半導(dǎo)體)

ami: american megatrends incorporated

ear(extreme audio reality)

hp: hewlett-packard,美國惠普公司

ibm: international business machine,國際商業(yè)機器

idg(international data group,國際數(shù)據(jù)集團)

ims: international meta system

mle:microsoft learning and entertainment,微軟教學(xué)與娛樂公司

ms(microsoft,微軟)

nai: network associates incorporation,前身為mcafee。

ns(national semiconductor,國家半導(dǎo)體)

pmi: pacific magtron international

sce(sony computer entertainment,索尼計算機娛樂部)

sgi:silicon graphics

sis: silicon integrated systems,硅片綜合系統(tǒng)公司

umc(united microelectronics corporation,臺灣聯(lián)華電子公司,半導(dǎo)體制造商)

wd(western digital,西部數(shù)據(jù))

zd(ziff-davis出版公司)

組織

cbf: cable broadband forum,電纜寬帶論壇

cema(consumer electronics manufacturing association(消費者電子制造業(yè)協(xié)會)

cpe: customer premise equipment(用戶預(yù)定設(shè)備)

csa: canadian standards association(加拿大標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)會)

dca: defense communication agency,國防部通信局

doj: department of justice(反不正當(dāng)競爭部門)

dsp: delivery service partner(交付服務(wù)合伙人)

dvb:digital video broadcasting,數(shù)字視頻廣播

e3:electronic entertainment expo,電子娛樂展覽會

eff: electronic frontier foundation(電子前線基金會)

epa(environmental protection agency,美國環(huán)境保護局)

fcc: federal communications commission(聯(lián)邦通信委員會)

ftc: federal trade commission,聯(lián)邦商業(yè)委員會

gdc(game developer conference,游戲發(fā)展商會議)

isscc(international solid-state circuits conference,國際晶體管電路討論會)

icsa: international computer security association(國際計算機安全協(xié)會),它的前身為ncsa(national computer security association,國家計算機安全協(xié)會)

ieee(institute of electrical and electronics engineers,電子電路工程師協(xié)會)

ifwp: international forum white paper,國際白皮書論壇

iso/mpeg: international standard organization‘s moving picture expert group(國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織的活動圖片專家組)

itaa: information technology association of american,美國信息技術(shù)協(xié)會

mac(mobile advisory council)

mcsp: microsoft certified solution providers,微軟認(rèn)證解決方案供應(yīng)商

mjpeg(motion joint photographic experts group,移動式連續(xù)圖像專家組)

mma: midi manufacturer association(midi制造商聯(lián)盟)

ncta: national cable television association,美國電纜電視協(xié)會

nia: networking interoperatility alliance(網(wǎng)絡(luò)互操作聯(lián)盟)

nbitd(national board for industrual and technical development,瑞典國立工業(yè)和技術(shù)發(fā)展委員會制訂)

oaaf:open arcade architecture forum,開放式arcade體系論壇

oem(original equipment manufacturer,原始設(shè)備制造商)

oif: optical internetworking forum,光纖互連網(wǎng)絡(luò)論壇

riaa(recording industry association of america,美國唱片工業(yè)協(xié)會)

rio: redistributed internet object(因特網(wǎng)分配組織)

sia(the semiconductor industries association,半導(dǎo)體工業(yè)協(xié)會)

spa: software publishers association,軟件出版商協(xié)會

tsowu(the swedish office worker’s union,瑞典辦公人員聯(lián)合會,以制訂tco標(biāo)準(zhǔn)著稱)

uawg: universal adsl working group(通用adsl工作組)

ucaid:university corporation for advanced internet development

ul: underwriters laboratories inc.(新產(chǎn)品實驗室)

var: value added resellers(增值分銷商)

w3c(world wide web consortium,萬維網(wǎng)協(xié)會)

whql(microsoft windows hardware quality lab,微軟公司視窗硬件質(zhì)量實驗室)

winhec: windows hardware engineering conference,視窗硬件工程會議