第五節(jié)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化練習(xí)
Reading Comprehension 1

Passage 1

“ Family” is of course an elastic word. But when British people say that their society is based on family life, they are thinking of “family” in its narrow, peculiarly European sense of mother, father and children living together alone in their own house as an economic and social unit. Thus, every British marriage indicates the beginning of a new and independent family—hence the tremendous importance of marriage in British life. For both the man and the woman, marriage means leaving one´s parents and starting one´s own life. The man´s first duty will then be to his wife, and the wife´s to her husband. He will be entirely responsible for her financial support, and she for the running of the new home. Their children will be their common responsibility and theirs alone. Neither the wife´s parents nor the husband´s, nor their brothers or sisters, aunts or uncles, have any right to interfere with them—they are their own masters.��

Readers of novels like Jane Austen´s Pride and Prejudice will know that in former times marriage among wealthy families were arranged by the girl´s parents, that is, it was the parents´ duty to find a suitable husband for their daughter, preferably a rich one, and by skillful encouragement to lead him eventually to ask their permission to marry her. Until that time, the girl was protected and maintained in the parents´ home, and the financial relief of getting rid of her could be seen in their giving the newly married pair a sum of money called a dowry. It is very different today. Most girls of today get a job when they leave school and become financially independent before their marriage. This has had two results. A girl chooses her own husband, and she gets no dowry.

1. What does the author mean by “Family is of course an elastic word”?

A.Different families have different ways of life.

B. Different definitions could be given to the word.

C. Different nations have different families.

D.Different times produce different families.

2. For an English family, the husband´s duty is ____.

A. supporting the family while the wife is financial��

B. defending the family while the wife is running the home

C. financial while the wife is running the home��

D. independent while the wife is dependent

3. Everything is decided in a family ____.

A.by the coupleB. with the help of their parents

C. by brothers and sistersD. with the help of aunts and uncles

4. What is true concerning the book Pride and Prejudice?

A. It is the best book on marriage.

B. It is a handbook of marriage.

C. It gives quite some idea of English social life in the past.

D. It provides a lot of information of former�瞭ime wealthy families.

5.With regard to marriage in Britain, present-day girls differ from former time girls in ____.

A. the right marryB. more parental support

C. choosing husbandsD. social position��

1.【答案】B。

【解析】此句主要是考察對(duì)elastic這個(gè)單詞的理解，elastic的意思是“有彈性的，可伸縮的，不是固定不變的”，整句話的意思是“家庭當(dāng)然不是一個(gè)固定不變的概念”，在這一段的后面也寫(xiě)了不同時(shí)期的家庭和婚姻狀況，從此可知“family”一詞的含義也是不同的。��

2.【答案】C

【解析】從文中可找出關(guān)鍵句“The man´s first duty...”和“responsible for her financial support”，此句意思是“男人應(yīng)是女人的財(cái)政支柱”，financial的意思是“財(cái)政的，金融的”。注意“responsible for her...running of the new home”是關(guān)鍵句。��

3.【答案】A

【解析】由第一段最后一句“neither...nor...nor...have any right to interfere with them.”此處的“them”是指夫妻倆，neither...nor...是否定形式，即說(shuō)……都沒(méi)有權(quán)力干涉夫妻倆的事情，——他們是自己的主人，故此題的正確答案是A。��

4.【答案】C

【解析】分析本文第二段可知，《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》這本書(shū)中講述了當(dāng)時(shí)的婚姻狀況，當(dāng)時(shí)有錢(qián)人之間的婚姻都是由女方父母做主，并且父母給新婚夫婦一些錢(qián)做嫁妝之后就不再管他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題，這是當(dāng)時(shí)英國(guó)社會(huì)生活的一個(gè)方面

5.【答案】C

【解析】從第二段中開(kāi)始部分可知過(guò)去的女孩的社會(huì)地位，從后半部分可知現(xiàn)在的女孩的社會(huì)地位比以前有很大提高，表現(xiàn)在結(jié)婚前就可以自己在經(jīng)濟(jì)上獨(dú)立，可以自己選擇丈夫，可以不要dowry(嫁妝)，這些方面都屬于社會(huì)地位方面。
Passage 2

Except for the Indians, the earliest backpackers in America were frontiersmen, who roamed the wilderness looking either for necessities such as food and wateror for sources of wealth such as fur and gold. For them backpacking was a way of survival or a means of achieving what one day would be called the “American Dream”.Today,however,many people enjoy backpacking as a recreational activity.Shouldering a pack and leaving behind the world of telephone,television and traffic promise an exciting experience.Testing one´s stamina (耐力) and skills are challenging a sense of one´s place in the natural world can be rewarding .Moreover, backpacking is an activity that can last any length for time and can be enjoyed alone or with friends. Then too, a backpacking trip may be organized within a day or two. The backpacker and his friends have only to decide on their destination and then organize the all-important kit, whose contents they must depend on throughout their trip. A map, a compass, a flashlight, along with first equipment, food, and extra clothing can be rounded up without much difficulty. Once the backpackers have left word about where they go in a note on the refrigerator door or in a message on an answering machine, they can look forward to an adventure that will lift the spirit and nourish the soul. Their outing will enable them to return in a short time to the age of technology with the courage and independence of Natty Bumppo, who did indeed belong to the age of the frontier.

6. The passage mainly discusses_________ .��

A. the early backpackersB. backpacking as a perfect form of recreation��

C. how backpacking startedD. why people of today are interested in backpacking��

7.The earliest backpackers were _____________. ��

A. frontiersmenB.IndiansC. fur traders D. gold miners

8. Early backpackers who roamed about in wilderness were interested in finding________ .��

A. means to realize the American dream B. recreation in life��

C. relief from the stress of everyday life D. daily necessities��

9. One of the advantages of backpacking is that ___________. ��

A. it can help people to establish a link with nature��

B. it is a group activity and can cure a person´s loneliness��

C. it is not so challenging as other activities��

D. it does not require people to decide on a destination��

10.According to the passage, Natty Bumppo was____________.��

A. an American national hero B. a character in a Hemingway novel��

C. a man of valorD. an lndian warrior��

6.【答案】D

【解析】本文開(kāi)頭簡(jiǎn)要介紹 backpacking這種運(yùn)動(dòng)的起源。但這不是文中主要討論的內(nèi)容�？梢钥闯�，文中討論的重點(diǎn)是backpacking作為一種現(xiàn)代娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)為什么會(huì)深受許多人喜愛(ài)。D答案與此意相同，說(shuō)明了文章的中心議題，是正確答案。��

7.【答案】B

【解析】見(jiàn)原文開(kāi)頭：Except for the Indians,the earliest backpackers in America were frontiersmen… 除了 Indians (印第安人), frontiersmen (未開(kāi)發(fā)的邊疆居民)是美國(guó)最早的backpackers這說(shuō)明Indians才是美國(guó)最早的backpackers，因此B項(xiàng)是正確選項(xiàng)。

8.【答案】D

【解析】見(jiàn)原文開(kāi)頭……the earliest backpackers……，who roamed the wilderness looking either for necessities such as food and water or for sources of wealth such as fur and god……。D項(xiàng)與此意相符，是正確答案

9.【答案】A

【解析】見(jiàn)它(backpacking)可以幫助人們與自然建立一種聯(lián)系。這說(shuō)明在這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)中，人是融于自然的，它在人和自然之間建立了一種直接的聯(lián)系，這也正是這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的好處所在。因此A答案是正確的。B它是一種群體活動(dòng)，可以治療一個(gè)人的孤獨(dú)感；C它不像其它活動(dòng)一樣富有挑戰(zhàn)性；D它不要求人們決定自己的目標(biāo)。均非文中討論的內(nèi)容。

10.【答案】C

【解析】見(jiàn)見(jiàn)原文最后一句：Their outing will enable them to return in a short time to the age of technology with the courage and independence of Natty Bumppo,who did indeed belong to the age of frontier。C一個(gè)勇敢的人，符合文中的敘述，是正確的答案。A. 一個(gè)美國(guó)民族英雄；B. 海明威小說(shuō)中的主人公；D. 一名印第安士兵。文中均未提到。
Passage 3

American Indians played a central role in the war known as the American Revolution.To them,however,the dispute between the colonists and England was peripheral (邊緣的). For American Indians the conflict was a war for American Indian independence, and whichever side they chose they lost it. Mary Brant was a powerful influence among the Iroquois.She was a Mohawk, the leader of the society of all Iroquois matrons, and the widow of Sir William Johnson, Superintendent of Indian Affairs.Her brother, Joseph Brant, is the best-known American Indian warrior of the Revolution, yet she may have exerted even more influence in the Confederacy than he did .She used her influence to keep the western tribes of Iroquois loyal to the English king, George Ⅲ.When the colonists won the war, she and her tribe had to abandon their lands-and retreat to Canada.On the other side,Nancy Ward held positions of authority in the Cherokee nation.She had fought as a warrior in the war against the Greeks and as a reward for her heroism was made “Beloved Woman”of the tribe.This office made her chief of the women´s council and a member of the council of chiefs.She was friendly with the White settlers and supported the Patriots during the Revolution.Yet the Cherokees too lost their land.��

11. What is the main point the author makes in the passage? ��

A. Siding with the English in the Revolution helped American Indians regain their land.��

B. At the time of the Revolution, the Superintendent of Indian Affairs had little power.��

C. Regardless of whom they supported in the Revolution, American Indians lost their land.��

D. The outcome of the Revolution was largely determined by American Indian women.

12. According to the passage, Mary Brant´s husband had been a _________ .��

A. government officialB. Mohawk chief

C. revolutionary hero D. Cherokee council member��

13.To which tribe did Nancy Ward belong? ��

A. Mohawk. B. Iroquois.C. Cherokee. D. Greek.��

14. How did Nancy Ward gain her position of authority? ��

A. By bravery in battle. B. By marriage to a chief.��

C. By joining the Confederacy.D. By being born into a powerful family.��

15. According to the passage,what did Mary Brant and Nancy Ward have in common?��

A. Each was called “Beloved Woman” by her tribe. ��

B. Each influenced her tribe´s role in the American Revolution.��

C. Each lost a brother in the American Revolution. ��

D. Each went to England after the American Revolution.

11.【答案】C

【解析】這一段的中心意思是：無(wú)論美洲印第安人在美國(guó)革命戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中支持誰(shuí)，最終他們都失去了他們自己的土地。文中舉了兩個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)明這一觀點(diǎn)。��

12.【答案】A

【解析】在第五句作者介紹說(shuō)：Mary Brant 是Mohawk 整個(gè)Iroquios部落的首領(lǐng)，是印第安事務(wù)主管Sir William Johnson 的遺孀。這說(shuō)明Mary Brant的丈夫曾是政府官員。��

13.【答案】C

【解析】在第九句作者講到：Nancy Ward 在Cherokee民族掌權(quán)。這說(shuō)明她是屬Cherokee部族。

14.【答案】A

【解析】在第十句講到：Nancy Ward 在與希臘的交戰(zhàn)中作戰(zhàn)勇猛，作為對(duì)她的女英雄行為的獎(jiǎng)賞，她成了“Beloved Woman” (“受人愛(ài)戴的女人”)。這個(gè)職位使她成了婦女協(xié)會(huì)的頭領(lǐng)及首領(lǐng)委員會(huì)的一個(gè)成員。由此可知Nancy Ward是通過(guò)她的勇敢獲得她的職位的

15.【答案】B

【解析】這道題的題意為：Mary Brant 和Nancy Ward有何共性。作者舉這兩個(gè)例子最終要說(shuō)明的是，無(wú)論印第安人是支持英殖民者還是支持美國(guó)，最終都沒(méi)有得到應(yīng)有的待遇。這兩位領(lǐng)袖人物的行為說(shuō)明她們各自都用自己的行為影響了各自部落在革命戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的作用。
Passage 4

James Joyce was an Irish novelist who revolutionized the methods of depicting characters and developing a plot in modern fiction. His astonishing way of constructing a novel, his frank portrayal of human nature in his books, and his complete command of English have made him one of the outstanding influences on literature in the 20th Century. Many critics judge that he is second only to Shakespeare in his mastery of the English language. Joyce was deeply influenced by Ireland and wrote all his books about Dublin.��

When he was in DublinCollege, he studied languages and spent his spare time reading books. He refused to take part in the nationalist movement like his fellow students, but he became passionately interested in literature. He wrote outspoken articles of literary criticism that shocked his teachers and even taught himself Norwegian so that he could read Ibsen´s works in the original.��

When he graduated in 1902, he knew he would become a writer and an exile, because he felt he could not be one without the other. In order to preserve his ideal of writing truthfully, fully, and as objectively as he knew how, about the people and places he knew best, he had to escape from all temptations to become involved in popular opinion or public life. He went to France, Italy and Switzerland, where he lived in poverty and obscurity for the first 20 years, only returning to Ireland when his mother was dying. Except for a couple of brief trips, he stayed abroad all his life.��

16. James Joyce was first of all a ___________. ��

A. revolutionary B. critic ��C. novelist D. exile��

17. James Joyce was famous for many reasons EXCEPT ___________. ��

A. his way of constructing a novel ��B. his frank portrayal of human nature ��

C. his complete command of English ��D. his passion in literature��

18. “He is second only to Shakespeare” is a comment on his _________. ��

A. achievement in literature ��B. achievement in the nationalist movement��

C. achievement in his study of languages �� D. mastery of the English language��

19. How many examples are used to show his passion in literature?��

A. 2. B. 3. C. 1. D. 4.��

20. Why did James Joyce stay abroad almost all his life?��

A. Because he wanted to live in poverty and obscurity.��

B. Because he wanted to write the people and places he knew best.��

C. Because he wanted to escape from all temptations to become involved in popular opinion or public life.��

D. Because he wanted to preserve his ideal of writing truthfully, fully and objectively about the people and the places he knew best.

16.【答案】C��

【解析】文章第一句就已告訴我們他是一位小說(shuō)家。��

17.【答案】D��

【解析】他成為二十世紀(jì)對(duì)文學(xué)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響的人物之一，是由于他的小說(shuō)的獨(dú)特構(gòu)造，他對(duì)人性的率直描寫(xiě)及他對(duì)英語(yǔ)的完全掌握，即A、B、C，只有D不是他聞名于世的原因，因此D為正確答案。（北京安通學(xué)校提供）��

18.【答案】D��

【解析】“in his mastery of the English language”表明范圍、方面，即在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的掌握方面僅次于莎士比亞，本文沒(méi)有具體提到他對(duì)文學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)或他學(xué)習(xí)的成績(jī)，他沒(méi)有參加民族運(yùn)動(dòng)，不可能在這方面有什么貢獻(xiàn)，因此D為正確答案。��

19.【答案】A��

【解析】第二段提到他沉迷于文學(xué)，然后用兩個(gè)例子進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明：他寫(xiě)的非常大膽的文學(xué)評(píng)論文章讓他的老師大為吃驚，他甚至自學(xué)挪威語(yǔ)以便閱讀易卜生原著。��

20.【答案】D��

【解析】James Joyce幾乎一生都住在國(guó)外是因?yàn)樗�想保護(hù)他的寫(xiě)作理想，即真實(shí)、完整、客觀地寫(xiě)他最為熟知的人物和地方。