原文
�、貵lobalization has been driven by policies (that have opened economies domestically and internationally). ②In the years since World War II , and especially during the past two decades, many governments have adopted free-market economic systems, vastly increasing their own productive potential and creating myriad new opportunities (for international trade and investment). Governments have also negotiated dramatic reductions in barriers to each other’s commerce, ③further stimulating international trade and investment. ④Taking advantage of new opportunities in foreign markets, corporations have built foreign factories and established production and marketing arrangements with foreign partners. A defining feature of globalization is an international industrial structure in which thousands of the world’s largest corporations maintain operations in multiple countries.
參考譯文
全球化發(fā)展的動力來自于各個國家在國內(nèi)外所實行的經(jīng)濟(jì)開放政策。在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后的歲月里，特別是在過去的20年中，許多政府實行了自由市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，極大地增強(qiáng)了自身的生產(chǎn)潛力，創(chuàng)造出了許多新的國際貿(mào)易與投資機(jī)會。各國政府也通過談判在相互的商業(yè)往來中大幅度消除了許多貿(mào)易壁壘，從而進(jìn)一步刺激了國際貿(mào)易與投資的發(fā)展�？鐕纠脟馐袌龅母鞣N新機(jī)會，與他們的國外合作伙伴一起，在國外建立起工廠以及生產(chǎn)和銷售系統(tǒng)。全球化的一個固有特點是其產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的國際化，在此結(jié)構(gòu)下，成千上萬的大公司在諸多不同的國家開展業(yè)務(wù)活動。
說明：
(1)myriad 無數(shù)的，種種的
(2)a defining feature of globalization: defining 是動詞define 的變體，意為“闡釋描述……的性質(zhì)或基本特征”，此處修飾feature, 該短語意為“全球化的一個固有特點”
(3)industrial structure 產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)
�、費(fèi)onthly of preparations for what has been a far-reaching political project and the largest logistical challenge of its kind, culminated at midnight on New Year’s Eve /when the coins and banknotes of the single currency became legal tender and entered general circulation…. ②Across the eurozone, people rushed to cash machines /amid the fireworks that marked the start of 2002/ to get their fist historic taste of the new banknotes. …
參考譯文
……為了這一曠日持久、具有甚遠(yuǎn)意義的政治工程，已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了數(shù)月之久的準(zhǔn)備工作。這項準(zhǔn)備工作是一次前所未有的巨大挑戰(zhàn)，于除夕午夜宣告結(jié)束，代表著單一貨幣的硬幣和紙幣作為法定貨幣開始流通。……在歐元大地上，(空中燃起的)煙火標(biāo)志著2002年的來臨，人民奔向取款機(jī)，去初次嘗試這具有歷史意義的歐元新鈔�！�
原文
�、賂he WTO brings stability and predictability to international trade/ because its rules are legally binding. ②So too are the schedules of market-access commitments in goods and services (that each WTO Member negotiates). These set clear ceilings on levels of protection. This encourages trade because it allows exporters to develop and grow their businesses. They have full knowledge of the terms of access and can act and invest with confidence knowing that markets (which are opened will remain open).
The vast majority of international trade goes on smoothly and without dispute. ③There are, however, rare occasions when a Member may consider that one or more Members are not in compliance with their WTO commitments / and that this has negatively affected its national consumer or producers. It is then that the affected Members have the option of using the WTO’s dispute settlement system.
參考譯文
世界貿(mào)易組織對國際貿(mào)易(的發(fā)展)起到了穩(wěn)定作用，同時也使(人們對國際貿(mào)易發(fā)展的)預(yù)測成為可能，這是因為世貿(mào)組織規(guī)則在法律上具有約束力。同樣，世貿(mào)組織成員經(jīng)談判在貨物及服務(wù)貿(mào)易方面所承諾的市場準(zhǔn)入時間表，也在法律上具有約束力。所有這些清楚地對不同層次的貿(mào)易保護(hù)起到了限制作用。由此，貿(mào)易活動得到鼓勵，出口商可以開發(fā)及拓展自身的業(yè)務(wù)，因為他們對市場準(zhǔn)入條件下如指掌，能夠滿懷信心地采取行動和開展投資;因為他們心中有數(shù)，知道業(yè)已開放的市場將會繼續(xù)開放。
大部分國際貿(mào)易活動進(jìn)展順利，無任何糾繪。然而在極少數(shù)情況下，某一成員國會認(rèn)為其他某個或某些成員國未能履行其人世承諾，侵害了本國消費(fèi)者或生產(chǎn)商的利益。此時，受侵害成員國可選擇使用世界貿(mào)易組織的解決爭端機(jī)制。
