Passage 5
Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism/evolution are in the publisher ' s pipelines. A few have already appeared. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. Cosmology , geology , and biology have provided a consistent , unified, and constantly improving account of what happened. "Scientific" creationism, which is being pushed by some for "equal time" in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are eivel, is based on religion, not science. Virtually all scientists and the majority of nonfundamentalist religious leaders have come to regard "scientific" creationism as bad science and bad religion.
The first four chapters of Kitcher's book give a very brief introduction to evolution. At ap-
propriate places, he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provides answers. In the last
three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their
programmes and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. When their basic motivation is religious, one might have expected more Christian behavior.
Kitcher is a philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the clarity and effectiveness of
his arguments. The non-specialist wiU be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and
argument that support evolutionary theory. The final chapter on the creationists will be extremely
clear to all. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: "This book stands for
reason itself. "And so it does-and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creation-
ism/evolution debate .
67. "Creationism" in the passage refers to__
(A) evolution in its true sense as to the origin of the universe
(B) a notion of the creation of religion
(C) the scientific explanation of the earth formation
(D) the deceptive theory about the origin of the universe
68. Kitcher's book is intended to __.
(A) recommend the views of the evolutionists
(B) expose the true features of creationists
(C) curse bitterly at this opponents
(D) launch a surprise attack on creationists
69 From the passage we can infer that__
(A) reasoning has played a decisive role in the debate
(B) creationists do not base their argument on reasoning
(C) evolutionary theory is too difficult for non-specialists
(D) creationism is supported by scientific findings
70. This passage appears to be a digest of__
(A) a book review (B) a scientific paper
(C) a magazine feature (D) a newspaper editorial

Part Ⅳ English-Chinese Translation

The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes.
71 )Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable
consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some , how-
ever , are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconception of the form scientif-
ic theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas.
This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend. 72)This trend
began during the Second World War, when several govemments came to the conclusion that the
specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally
be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted, however, that from time to time questions will arise
which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scien-
tific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order. 73)This seems mostly
effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of
possible consequence in the future.
This kind of support , like all government support , requires decisions about the appropriate
recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But
a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the
supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting "good " as opposed to "bad" science, but a
valid determination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tends to become con-
fused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory. 74)However, the
world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's
more fascinating and delightful aspects. 75) New forms of thought as well as new subjects for
thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.

Part V Writing (15 points)
76. DIRECTIONS :
A. Title : GOOD HEALTH
B. Time limit :40 minutes
C. Word limit : 120-150 words ( not including the given opening sentence)
D. Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the
given opening sentence : "The desire for good health is universal. "
E. YOur composition should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
OUTLINE:
1. Importance of good health
2. Ways to keep fit
3. My own practices

參考答案：
l. A 3. D 5. D 7. D 9. A
2. C 4. B 6. C 8. B IO. C
11. A, went 12. B, psychologically
13. A, allowing 14. C, he
15. B, are more likely 16. C, are
17. C, when 18. B, two spacecraft
19. D, taken 20. C, it
21. D 23. D 25. A 27. D 29. A
22. B 24. C 26. B 28. B 30. C
31. D 33. C 35. C 37. D 39. A
32. A 34. D 36. B 38. B 40. D
41. C 43. A 45. C 47. D 49. C
42. D 44. B 46. A 48. B 50. A
51. B 53. D 55. B 57. C 59. C
52. A 54. A 56. C 58. D 60. A
61. C 63. D 65. B 67. D 69. B
62. D 64. A 66. A 68. B 70. A
71．在這些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地來(lái)自社會(huì)需求；另一些則是由于科學(xué)在一定程度上自我加速而產(chǎn)生某些特定發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果。
72．這種趨勢(shì)始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，當(dāng)時(shí)一些國(guó)家的政府得出結(jié)論：政府要向科研機(jī)構(gòu)提出的具體要求通常是無(wú)法詳盡預(yù)見(jiàn)的。
73．給某些與當(dāng)前目標(biāo)無(wú)關(guān)但將來(lái)可能產(chǎn)生影響的科研以支持，看來(lái)通常能有效地解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
74．然而，世界就是如此，完美的體系一般而言是無(wú)法解決世上某些更加引人人勝的課題的。
75．同過(guò)去—樣，將來(lái)必然會(huì)出現(xiàn)新的思維方式和新的思維對(duì)象，給完美以新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

Part V . Writing
GOOD HEALTH
. . . Wherever you are and whatever you do, staying healthy is always important. With the improvement of our living standards, people are attaching more and more importance to their health. We students can' t keep the high study efficiency without good. health. The same thing is true with workers, scientists and doctors.
In my opinion, good diet and exercises are two major ways to keep healthy. The food we eat every day must be rational and should include meat, vegetables, eggs, and fruit. It is important to drink water every day and not to get addicted to drinking coffee or some other soft drinks. Ex-ercising every day is also essential for us to stay healthy. We can ride bicycles, play tennis or swim. Of course we don' t need to exhaust ourselves. We should plan our physical exercises according to our actual condition. An hour a day is enough.
As a university student, I have much free time to do exercises. l usually play badminton and tennis. But sometimes I am lazy and do not exercise for all kinds of excuses, such as cold weather and exams. I must correct it. I am also careful with my diet. In a way, keeping healthy is not very hard, if you just take it seriously.