Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.

　　47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.

　　48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.

　　49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.

　　“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.” said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.

　　46、【參考譯文】在多種強(qiáng)大的動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)下，這次(移民)運(yùn)動(dòng)在一片荒野上建立了一個(gè)國(guó)家，并且就本質(zhì)而言，塑造了一個(gè)未知大陸的性格和命運(yùn)。

　　47、【參考譯文】有兩股主要力量形成了美國(guó)：一是歐洲民族帶來(lái)的不同思想、風(fēng)俗和民族特征，二是這個(gè)新國(guó)家在改變這些特征之后造成的影響。

　　48、【參考譯文】但是，美國(guó)特有的地理?xiàng)l件、不同種族間的相互影響、以及在這片蠻荒的新大陸上維持舊秩序的萬(wàn)分艱難，帶來(lái)了巨大的變化。

　　49、【參考譯文】十五、十六世紀(jì)的探索發(fā)現(xiàn)了北美洲，又過(guò)了一百多年，第一艘滿(mǎn)載移民的航船跨過(guò)大西洋駛向這片土地，即現(xiàn)在的美國(guó)。

　　50、【參考譯文】原始森林樹(shù)木種類(lèi)繁多，是一座真正的寶庫(kù)，從緬因州向南一直延伸至喬治亞州。