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give sb.sth=give sth.to sb.給某人某物,give in投降,

give up doing sth放棄, give out 分發(fā),

give a way to對(duì)...讓步, on the earth在地球上,

both....and既....又..... 就近原則 neither....nor既不....又不,就近原則

either...or要么....要么.there be, not only...but also就近原則,,

may be可能是. maybe=perhaps大概,也許

In addition to ..除...以外(還有) =besides, but 除..之外,,常與否定意義詞連用,當(dāng)but前有do時(shí)but后接原形, except,除....之外(不包括)

on holiday度假, of course=,sure當(dāng)然

all types of呼種, part time job,一份兼職工作

on one's own獨(dú)自, be led by由....帶領(lǐng)

MODULE 6 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

用法：1.表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或正存在的狀態(tài)，一般常和at that time, at 點(diǎn)yesterday, then, last night,this time yesterday ,the whole morning,when I arrived 等特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用。

2.表示一個(gè)過(guò)去動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)或發(fā)生之后,另一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或兩個(gè)延續(xù)性過(guò)去的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行,常與when,while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用。

結(jié)構(gòu)：was /were +V-ing

go on繼續(xù), go on doing sth繼續(xù)做某事(同一件事),

go on to do sth繼續(xù)做某事(另一件事),

go on with sth繼續(xù)做同一件事,但中間暫停過(guò),

How is it going ?=How are you getting on /along?近況如何?

by the river,在河邊

at this time yesterday昨天 的這個(gè)時(shí)候, in a tree=in the tree ,在樹(shù)上(外來(lái)物)

on a tree =on the tree,在樹(shù)上,(樹(shù)本身的) smile at sb. 朝著某人微笑,

laugh at sb.嘲笑某人 fall into ,掉進(jìn),跌入

fall off掉下來(lái), fall behind ,落后,跟不上

fall in love with,愛(ài)上 be careful,小心

by mistake由于出錯(cuò) at that /this time在那/這時(shí)

have nothing to do沒(méi)事可做, nothing strange沒(méi)什么奇怪的，

take sth. out of ....把...從...拿出來(lái), happen to do sth.碰巧做某事

感官動(dòng)詞see ,hear ,watch,feel ,notice,smell,taste后+名詞或代詞+動(dòng)詞原形(表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生)后+名詞或代詞+Ving(表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)

under th hedge在樹(shù)籬下面, go down下去,

think about考慮, think of想起，認(rèn)為,

think over仔細(xì)考慮, think out,想出

think hard,努力想，努力思考 What happened to sb.?某人發(fā)生了什么事?

be on上演， go off熄滅，停，

英語(yǔ)中當(dāng)幾個(gè)單數(shù)人稱(chēng)同時(shí)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，先后順序是“二、三、一”

not ...until直到....才......(主句中常用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)

till/until直到......為止(主句中常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)

something wrong with...,出了毛病, lie in bed 躺在床上,

jump out of從...跳出來(lái),on one's way to someplace,在某人去某地的路上

on one's way home在某人回家的路上,from ....to,從...到....(動(dòng)詞+Ving)

when,while ,as的區(qū)別 當(dāng)...時(shí)候

When可與持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用,表示"一段時(shí)間,"也可與短暫性動(dòng)詞連用,表示"時(shí)刻".主句的動(dòng)作可以與從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,也可以先后發(fā)生.如果主從句都是短暫性動(dòng)詞時(shí),只能用When

While表示主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生.其從句的動(dòng)詞必須為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,從句多用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),也可用表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞的一般時(shí)態(tài).如果主從句都是進(jìn)行時(shí),只能用While

as與When同義,但as指主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作交替進(jìn)行或同步發(fā)展.
wear out穿壞,穿舊,用壞, cheer up 使振奮;使興奮,

follow one's advice聽(tīng)從某人的建議, look into向...的里面看,

stop to do sth. 停下做另一件事 stop doing sth.停止做某事

stop ...from doing sth.阻止....做某事, what kind哪種,

a kind of一種, all kinds of =different kinds of 各種各樣的,

kind of =a bit=a little有點(diǎn), walk along沿著....走,

by mistake錯(cuò)誤地，無(wú)意地, by oneself單獨(dú)，獨(dú)立地,

by the way,順便說(shuō) 墻的表面用on，墻的內(nèi)部用in

have something to do有事可做,have something to eat有可吃的東西,

have nothing to drink沒(méi)有什么喝的東西 feel tired感到疲勞

no one,一般不與of連用，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，只指人，一般用來(lái)回答who

none ,可與of連用，動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，指人或物，回答how many /how much引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)句，以及含any+n 的一般問(wèn)句

Nothing，指物，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，

without doing sth.沒(méi)做， be tired=get tired累了，

during the day一整天，

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是：be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞

變法：1主+謂+賓語(yǔ).將賓語(yǔ)變作主語(yǔ),將謂語(yǔ)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),將主語(yǔ)變by賓語(yǔ).

2.主+謂+間賓+直賓 將間接賓語(yǔ)變作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),直接賓語(yǔ)不變.

3主+謂+直賓+間賓+to或for 將直變主,將謂變被告,其余不變.by原主

4.主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)賓作主,謂變被,其余不變,by原主.

5.主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)(let,see,make ,hear,watch ,feel, help, notice,observe,look at ,listen

to )變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)時(shí)，后加to

6.主+短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)， 賓作主，短變被，其余不變,by原主.

7.帶有be going to,be about to ,be to ,have to ,used to ,be supposed to ,be sure to

等要將to后來(lái)動(dòng)詞變以被動(dòng)