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職稱英語語法:第十講3

時間:2009-01-23 15:55:00   來源:無憂考網(wǎng)     [字體: ]
6)They have made another wonderful discovery, ______ of great importance to science.

A. which I think is
B. I think which is
C. which I think it is
D. I think of which is

解題思路:英語中的連接詞一般都是放在從句的最前面,據(jù)此,可以排除B、D選項;A、C的區(qū)分點是"it", 想一下本節(jié)的第一題,就能正確選擇答案A了。此類題目中,I think應理解為"插入語",要熟悉這種形式,

又如:

He is the man ______ I suppose is capable of finishing this task.

該題應填who而不是whom

(在從句中)當狀語時:關系副詞where及when

where : 當先行名詞在從句中當"地點狀語"時,用關系副詞where連接

例如:

The crime rate rises in cities where the unemployment rate increases. (失業(yè)率高的城市犯罪率也高。) 句中的where = in cities, 表示行為發(fā)生的地點。

這里的要點是能否區(qū)分是用that (which) 還是用 where, 即:是做"主語、賓表語",還是做"地點狀語",例如:

I love the small town that we visited last week.

句中"town"做動詞"visited"的賓語,即"參觀過的小鎮(zhèn)",故用that連接。

I love the small town where I lived during my childhood.

句中"town" 是動詞"lived"的地點,即"童年時住過的小鎮(zhèn)",故用where.

這也是定語從句的一個考點。

when : 當先行名詞在從句中當"時間狀語"時,用關系副詞when連接, 例如:

July is the month when we have a lot of rain. (七月是多雨的月份。)

注意"when"定語從句后推的現(xiàn)象,例如:

I think (that) the day will finally come when air pollution can be put under control. (我認為空氣污染得以控制的一天最終會來到。)

放在主句后面作非限制定語從句時(前面一般加","號),"when"一般譯為"此時","那時", 例如:

The meeting will be put off until next month, when we will have made all the preparations. (會議將推遲到下月,那時一切就準備就緒了。)

另一個關系副詞是why,由于它固定與the reason搭配, 即: the reason why,不難理解,一般也不作為考試的重點。例如:

This is the reason why the electronic computer cannot entirely replace man. 這就是(為什么)電子計算機不能完全代替人的原因。

whose (= of which / whom):做先行詞(不管是人還是物)的定語,漢語為"…的",不要考慮是否是限制性或非限制性定語從句, 例如:

Pay attention to that boy whose temperature is very high. (理論上也可以寫成:Pay attention to that boy the temperature of whom is very high. 注意那個男孩,他的體溫很高。(非限制性) / 注意那個體溫很高的男孩。(限制性)

介詞 + which (whom)

先看兩個句子:

This is the house. He has lived in the house for over 30 years.

變?yōu)椤ㄕZ從句

This is the house in which he has lived for over 30 years.

上述句子中,先行詞在從句中充當介詞賓語,形成"介詞 + which / whom"的形式,考試時要求作出1)要不要介詞;2)若要,使用什么介詞的判斷。由于英語中介詞搭配多為習慣用法,沒有多少規(guī)律可循,因此這是定語從句考試的一個難點。

記住四個字:瞻前顧后

瞻前:先看看先行詞一般與什么介詞搭配,例如:

There are occasions _____ which joking is not permissible.

→ Joking is not permissible _____ (certain) occasions.

常與occasion搭配的介詞是什么?on, 即:

Joking is not permissible on (certain) occasions. (有的場合是不容許開玩笑的。)

There are occasions on which joking is not permissible.

顧后:看看謂語動詞常與什么介詞搭配,例如:

This car, ____ which I paid a lot of money, is now out of date.

→ I paid a lot of money ______ this car.

Pay (money) for something 是一個固定的搭配,因此應填介詞 "for"

當A、B、C、D中出現(xiàn) " 介詞 + which / whom" 選項時,而你又確實看不懂時,應傾向于選擇" 介詞 + which / whom"的形式,例如:

The two elements _____ water is made are the gases oxygen and hydrogen.

A. that
B. which
C. with which
D. of which

傾向選擇C、D;正確答案D,"be made of "(由…組成):

The two elements are gases (oxygen and hydrogen).

Water is made of the two elements.

兩個句子一合并,便是該句選擇。