第1部分：詞匯選擇（第1~15題，每題1分，共15分）
下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語有下劃線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。
1. We've been through some rough times together.
A. long
B. short
C. happy
D. difficult
2. She gave up her job and started writing poetry.
A. lost
B. created
C. abandoned
D. took
3. Can you give a concrete example to support your idea?
A. special
B. good
C. real
D. specific
4. In the process, the light energy converts to heat energy.
A. changes
B. drops
C. reduces
D. leaves
5. The police took fingerprints and identified the body.
A. discovered
B. touched
C. recognized
D. missed
6. If we leave now, we should miss the traffic.
A. direct
B. mix
C. stop
D. avoid
7. It was a fascinating painting, with clever use of color and light.
A. familiar
B. wonderful
C. large
D. new
8. I propose that we discuss this at the next meeting.
A. suggest
B. request
C. demand
D. order
9. The company has the right to end his employment at any time.
A. offer
B. continue
C. stop
D. provide
10. I was shocked when I saw the size of the telephone bill.
A. excited
B. angry
C. lost
D. surprised
11. What are my chances of promotion if I stay here?
A. retirement
B. advertisement
C. advancement
D. replacement
12. We're happy to report that business is booming this year.
A. failing
B. risky
C. open
D. successful
13. We're seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues.
A. quick
B. regular
C. great
D. clear
14. The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village.
A. found
B. killed
C. jailed
D. caught
15. Rodman met with Tony to try and settle the dispute over his contract.
A. solve
B. avoid
C. mark
D. involve
第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16～22題．每題1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。
Breast Cancer Deaths Record Low
The number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a year for the first time since records began.
The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11,990 women died in the UK in 2007.
The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1971-the year records began after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s.
Professor Peter Johnson, Cancer Research UK's chief clinician, said: "It'S incredibly encouraging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years, despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often."
" Research has played a crucial role in this progress leading to improved treatments and better management for women with the disease."
" The introduction of the NHS(國民保健制度) breast screening program has also contributed as women are more likely to survive the earlier cancer is diagnosed. "Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45 ,500 women every year diagnosed with the disease-a 50% rise in 25 years.
The number of deaths peaked in 1989, when 15,625 women died. It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004.
There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two years of falls.
Dr Sarah Cant, policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer, said: "It is great news that fe-wer women are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments, breastscreening and awareness of the disease. "
" However, this is still too many women and incidence (發(fā)生率) of the disease is increasing year by year. "
The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity(肥胖) and alcohol consumption.
16. 11,990 women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2007.
A. Right
B. wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. Breast cancer deaths began to be recorded in the UK in 1971.
A. Right
B. wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. The rate of breast cancer diagnosis in the UK has been dropping.
A. Right
B. wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. Breast cancer can come back 10 years after you were first diagnosed.
A. Right
B. wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. Breast cancer is more common in the UK than in many other countries.
A. Right
B. wrong
C. Not mentioned .
21. Fewer women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2005 than in 2004.
A. Right
B. wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. Obesity and alcohol consumption may also lead to some other diseases.
A. Right
B. wrong
C. Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第23～30題，每題1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2~5段每段選擇1個標(biāo)題；(2)第27~30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定一個選項。
Organ Donation and Transplantation
1 Organ donation(捐獻(xiàn)) and transplantation(移植) refers to the process by which organs or tissues from one person are put into another person's body.
2 The number of people needing a transplant continues to rise faster than the number of donors. About 3,700 transplant candidates are added to the national waiting list each month. Each day, about 77 people receive organ transplants. However, about 18 people die each day waiting for transplants that can't take place because of the shortage of donated organs.
3 There are no age limits on who can be an organ donor. Newborns as well as senior citizens have been organ donors. If you are younger than 18, you must have a parent's or guardian's consent (同意). If you are 18 years or older, you can show you want to be an organ and tissue donor by signing a donor card.
4 Many people think that if they agree to donate their organs, the doctor or the emergency room staff won't work as hard to save their life. This is not true. The transplant team is completely separate from the medical staff working to save your life. The transplant team does not become involved with you until doctors have determined that all possible efforts to save your life have failed.
5 If you need an organ transplant, your doctor will help you get on the national waiting list.Your name will become part of a pool of names. When an organ donor becomes available, all the patients in the pool are compared to the donor. Factors such as blood and tissue type, size of the organ , medical urgency(緊急) of the patient's illness, time already spent on the waiting list, and distance between donor and recipient(接受者) are considered.
23. Paragraph 2_______.
24. Paragraph 3 _______.
25. Paragraph 4 _______.
26. Paragraph 5 _______.
A. Quality of donated organ
B. Benefits of organ donation
C. Distribution of donated organs
D. Quality of donor medical care
E. Age limits of organ donation
F. Status of organ donation and transplantation
27. There is a great demand for _______.
28. Organ donors range in age from newboms to_______.
29. Doctors will try their best to save your life even if you've signed _______.
30. Various factors are considered when deciding on _______.
A. donated organs
B. the national waiting list
C. a donor card
D. senior citizens
E. all possible efforts
F. the most suitable candidate
第4部分：閱讀理解（第31～45題，每題3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，為每題確定一個答案。
第一篇
U. S. Eats Too Much Salt
People in the United States consume more than twice the recommended amount of salt, raising their risk for high blood pressure, heart attacks and strokes, govemment health experts said on Thursday.
They found nearly 70 percent of U. S. adults are in high-risk groups that would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no more than l,500 mg per day, yet most consume closer to 3,500 mg per day.
"It's important for people to eat less salt. People who adopt a heart-healthy eating pattem that includes a diet low in sodium(鈉) and rich in potassium(鉀) and calcium(鈣) can improve their blood pressure, " Dr. Darwin Labarthe of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in a statement.
" People need to know their recommended daily sodium limit and take action to reduce sodium intake , " Labarthe said.
The study in CDC's weekly report on death and disease used national survey data to show that two out of three adults should be consuming no more than l,500 mg of sodium per day because they are black or over the age of 40-which are considered high-risk groups.
Yet studies show most people in the United States eat 3,436 mg of sodium per day, according to a 2005 - 2006 CDC estimate.
Most of the sodium eaten comes from packaged, processed and restaurant foods. The CDC said it will join other agencies in the Health and Human Services department in working with major food manufacturers and chain restaurants to reduce sodium levels in the food supply.
Nationwide, 16 million men and women have heart disease and 5. 8 million are estimated to have had a stroke. Cutting salt consumption can reduce these risks, the CDC said.
31. Too much salt raises one's risk for _________.
A. strokes
B. heart attacks
C. high blood pressure
D. all of the above
32. The recommended sodium intake for most U. S. adults is ________.
A. closer t0 3,500 mg per day
B. as much as 3,436 mg per day
C. no more than l,500 mg per day
D. less than 3,500 mg per day
33. A heart-healthy diet is one that contains ________.
A. a low level of sodium
B. a lot of potassium and calcium
C. no salt at all
D. both A and B
34. Nearly 70 percent of U. S. adults are in high-risk groups,________.
A. for they are inactive
B. for they are black or over the age of 40
C. for they frequently eat out
D. for they consume sodium every day
35. Packaged, processed and restaurant foods are known to be
A. good in taste
B. low in price
C. poor in nutrition
D. high in salt
第二篇
Sino-Japan Animosity (敵意) Lessens
Chinese and Japanese people view each other slightly more positively than last year, according to a survey released on Wednesday at a press conference in Beijing.
The survey is jointly sponsored by China Daily and Genron NPO (非營利性的組織 ) , a Japanese think tank similar to the American Council on Foreign Relations. It also found overwhelming; a greement in both countries that Sino-Japanese relations were important
The survey is a pan of the Beijing-Tokyo Forum, an annual gathering of senior govemment officials and representatives from Chinese and Japanese NGOs(非政府組織) designed to improve communication and understanding between the two countries.
Conducted every year for five years now, the survey focused on two different groups of people:ordinary citizens, and intellectuals. In China, the intellectual group was comprised mainly of university students from well-known schools like Peking University. In Japan, the "intellectual" group was mainly made up of previous members of Genron NPO.
Among ordinary Chinese polled, 35. 7 percent said they have "very good" or "relatively good" impressions of Japan, a 5. 5-percentage-point increase compared with last year. 45. 2 percent of Chinese students had a positive impression of Japan, two percentage points more than last year. Only 26. 6 percent of Japanese have a positive impression of China, however.
Still, an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country said Sino-Japanese relations were "important" and wanted their leaders to deepen talks and cooperation with each other.
But 51. 9 percent of ordinary people and 42. 4 percent of students in China said they saw no change in relations between the two countries over the last year. In Japan, 64. 8 percent of those ordinary people and 53.4 percent of intellectuals surveyed shared the view that there was no improvement in bilateral ties this year.
Historical issues and territorial disputes remain two major obstacles to improving bilateral relations, the survey found. What concems the Chinese most are historical issues, visits by Japanese officials to Yasukuni Shrine(靖國神社) , and the Nanjing Massacre(*) .
Perceptions on economic and trade relations have improved, though. About 47 percent of ordinary Japanese said China had been "helpful" this year in fighting the global economic crisis, compared with just 30 percent last year. The percent of Japanese intellectuals who said Chinese economic growth was good for Japan increased from 65. 8 percent to 81.4 percent this year.
Cooperation in East Asian issues, trade and investment, energy, and the environment and climate change top the list of common concerns that people in China and Japan want their leaders to talk about in bilateral(雙邊的) meetings, the survey found.
Civil exchanges were regarded by the most people from the both countries as an important way to improve relations. 90. 7 percent of the students and 85. 7 percent of the ordinary people in China and 95. 8% of intellectuals and 74. 8% of the ordinary people in Japan viewed civil exchanges as " important" or " relatively important" .
Chinese and Japanese both learn about each other's countries mostly through television news and newspapers, the survey found.
36. Which of the following statements about the survey is true?
A. The survey was conducted on Wednesday at a press conference in Beijing.
B. The survey is jointly sponsored by China Daily, Genron NPO and the American Council on Foreign Relations.
C. The survey found that people in both China and Japan generally agree that the relationship between the two countries is important.
D. The survey mainly focused on two different groups of people: ordinary citizens, and the university students.
37. According to the passage, the Beijing-Tokyo Forum .
A. is held every year in Beijing
B. aims at promoting communication between the two countries
C. mainly attracts representatives from the governments of the two countries
D. releases a survey on Sino-Japanese relation every five years
38. In the last year,_______% of ordinary Chinese and_______% of Chinese students have a positive impression of Japan.
A. 35.7; 45.2
B. 51.9; 42.4
C. 5.5; 26.6
D. 30.2; 43.2
39. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the major obstacles to improving bilateral ties?
A. Territorial disputes.
B. Trade frictions.
C. Visits by Japanese officials to Yasukuni Shrine.
D. The Nanjing Massacre.
40. The survey found that ________.
A. most Japanese had good or relatively good impressions of China
B. the bilateral relationship was perceived as being improved over last year by the majority of respondents from the both countries
C. an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country believed that the Civil exchanges were an important way to improve relations
D. the territorial issue ranked among the top list of common concems that people in both coun tries want their leaders to talk about in bilateral meetings
第三篇
Holding on to hope may not make patients happier as they deal with chronic illness or diseases, according to a new study by University of Michigan Health System researchers.
" Hope is an important part of happiness, " said Peter A. Ubel M. D. , director of the U-M Center for Behavioral and Decision Sciences in Medicine and one of the authors of the happily hopeless study, "but there's a dark side of hope. Sometimes, if hope makes people put off getting on with their life, it can get in the way of happiness. "
The results showed that people do not adapt well to situations if they are believed to be shortterm. Ubel and his co-authors-both from U-M and Carnegie Mellon University-studied patients who had new colostomies: their colons were removed and they had to have bowel movements in a pouch that lies outside their body.
At the time they received their colostomy, some patients were told that the colostomy was reversible-that they would undergo a second operation to reconnect their bowels after several months. Others were told that the colostomy was permanent and that they would never have normal bowel function again. The second group-the one without hope-reported being happier over the next six months than those with reversible colostomies.
" We think they were happier because they got on with their lives. They realized the cards they were dealt, and recognized that they had no choice but to play with those cards, " says Ubel, who is also a professor in the Department of Internal Medicine.
"The other group was waiting for their colostomy to be reversed, " he added. "They contrastedtheir current life with the life they hoped to lead, and didn't make the best of their current situation. "
" Hopeful messages may not be in the best interests of the patient and may interfere with the patient's emotional adaptation, " Ubel says. "I don't think we should take hope away. But I think we have to be careful about building up people's hope so much that they put off living their lives. "
41 Chronically ill patients may be happier ________.
A. if they keep thinking of their past
B. if they believe they'll recover
C. if they put off moving on
D. if they manage to get on with their life
42 What had happened to the patients under study?
A. They had just survived an accident.
B. They had just had an operation.
C. They had just injured their colons.
D. They had just made some pouches.
43 One group of the patients was happier because ________.
A. they made the best of their current situation
B. they were good at playing function
C. they regarded normal bowel function
D. they were promised another operation
44 The other group was not as happy because ________.
A. they accepted their current situation
B. they were anxious to get better
C. they missed their previous life
D. they refused to play cards
45 What could be the message of the passage?
A. Giving up hope means giving up happiness.
B. Letting go of hope is at times a better choice.
C. Hope is what makes people move on.
D. Hope frequently gets in the way of happiness.
第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文（第46~50題，每題2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。
Houses of the Future
What will houses be like in thirty years' time? No one really knows, but architects are trying topredict. _______(46)
Future houses will have to be flexible. In thirty years' time even more of us will be working from home. So we will have to be able to use areas of the houses for work for part of the day and for living for the rest. Families grow and change with children arriving growing up and leaving home. ________(47) Nothing will be as fixed as it is now. The house will always be changing to meet changing needs.
Everyone agrees that in thirty years' time we will be live in "intelligent" houses. We will be able to talk to our kitchen and discuss with them what to do. Like this, "We'll be having a party this weekend. What food shall we cook?" ________.(48) We will be able to leave most of the cooking to the machines, just tasting things from time to time to check.
The house of the future will be personal-each house will be different. _______(49) You won't have to paint them-you'll be able to tell the wall to change the color! And you don't like the color the next day, you'll be able to have a new one. _______(50)
A. What will our home be like then?
B. And the machine will tell us that food we will have to buy and how to cook it.
C. You will be able to change the color of the wall easily.
D. The only thing you won't be able to do is move the house somewhere else!
E. The house of the future will have to grow and change with the family.
F. The kid might take their bedrooms with them as they leave.
第6部分：完形填空（第51~65題，每題1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容為每處空白處確定一個選項。
Swine Flu in New York
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has confirmed cases of swine _______(51）in eight students at a New York preparatory(預(yù)科的) school, Mayor Michael Bloomberg said Sunday. The students have had only _______(52) symptoms and none have been hospitalized, he said. Some of the students have already recovered.
More than 100 students were absent from _______(53) due to flu-like symptoms last week.New York health officials tested samples for eight students Saturday and determined the students were probably _______(54) from swine flu, and the CDC confirmed the _______(55) on Sunday, Bloomberg said.
The announcement brings the _______(56) of confirmed swine flu cases in the United States to 20. Bloomberg said there is no _______(57) of a citywide outbreak(爆發(fā)) of the flu, and no sign of a potential outbreak of swine flu at _______(58) schools.
Some students at the school _______(59) spring break in Mexico, Bloomberg said, but authorities have not determined _______(60) any of the students with a confirmed case of swine flu was in Mexico. Someone who traveled to Mexico may not have had any flu symptoms but _______(61) on the flu to someone else, he noted.
Bloomberg called on students who are home sick to _______(62) home for 48 hours after their symptoms subside.
If symptoms are normal for a regular kind of flu, there is _______(63) need to go to a hospital, said Bloomberg. If symptoms become severe, as _______(64) any illness, people should go to the hospital, he said.
St. Francis, which has 2,700 students, announced it will remain closed for two days._______(65) whether the students' illnesses have been minor because they're young and healthy or because it is a minor strain of the virus, Frieden responded, "We don't know. "
51. A. fever B. cold C. sickness D. flu
52. A. severe B. mild C. physical D. typical
53. A. hospital B. school C. work D. home
54. A. recovering B. learning C. escaping D. suffering
55. A. choice B. treatment C. diagnosis D. doubt
56. A. number B. spread C. size D. amount
57. A. chance B. sign C. news D. hope
58. A. much B. other C. another D. few
59. A. traveled B. closed C. spent D. lasted
60. A. why B. whether C. how D. when
61. A. passed B. kept C. rolled D. swept
62. A. return B. stay C. leave D. go
63. A. no B. some C. any D. great
64. A. upon B. with C. along D. down
65. A. Told B. Tested C. Greeted D. Asked
2010年全國職稱英語衛(wèi)生類（C級）考試參考答案
第1部分：詞匯選項
1． D[解析]rough意為粗糙的、艱苦的，rough time指困難時刻，與difficult time意思一樣。long意為長的；short意為短的；happy意為幸福的，與rough意義相反。
2． C[解析]give up是"放棄"的意思。如：In view of the circumstances，we should giveup the plan．考慮到情況的變化，我們應(yīng)該放棄這項計劃。abandon也是"放棄"的意思。如： After the age of about thirty he abandoned individual ambition．他一過三十就放棄了個人的雄心壯志。lost的意思是丟失；create意為創(chuàng)造；take意為拿。
3． D [解析]concrete意為具體的，它的同義詞是specific。如：In painting art，the expressed most specific theme and image is often the most abstract thinking．在繪畫藝術(shù)中，體的主題和形象所表達(dá)的往往是最抽象的思想。special的意思是特殊的；good，好的；real，真的。
4． A[解析]convert的意思是轉(zhuǎn)變、改變，change也是"改變"的意思。drop的意思是掉下、落下，而短語drop in意為順便走訪，如：Can you drop in at my office?你能順便到我辦公室來一下嗎?reduce是"減少"的意思；leave的意思是離開。
5．C[解析]identify是"識別、認(rèn)出"的意思。如：We must also identify and nurture newtalent．我們也必須識別和培養(yǎng)新的人才。recognize也是"認(rèn)出"的意思。discover指發(fā)現(xiàn)，如： Columbus was one of the first Europeans to discover North America．哥倫布是最早發(fā)現(xiàn)北美洲的歐洲人之一。touch，觸摸；miss，錯過、想念。
6．D[解析]該句中miss意為錯過、避開，和avoid同義。direct是"指揮"的意思；mix的意思是混合；stop意為停止。
7． B [解析]fascinating和wonderful都是極好的，奇妙的意思。familiar意為熟悉的； large意為大的；new意為新的。
8． A[解析]propose的意思是建議，與suggest同義。request和demand意思相近，意為要求；order是"命令"的意思。propose，suggest，request和demand后的從句需要用虛擬語氣，即(should)+動詞原形。
9． C[解析]end的意思是結(jié)束，終止；stop意為停止，與end意義相近。offer是提供、提議：continue意為繼續(xù)：provide意為提供。
10．D [解析]shock和surprise都有驚訝的意思。excited意為興奮的；anger，氣憤的；lost當(dāng)動詞時是"遺失"的意思，用作形容詞，有"遺失的"或"迷惑的"之意。
11．C[解析]promotion和advancement都是"晉升"的意思。retirement是"退休"的意思；advertisement意為廣告；replacement意為替代。
12．D [解析]booming意思是興旺的，繁榮的。如：Port construction and investment isbooming all over the country．港口建設(shè)和投資的熱潮正在全國范圍內(nèi)興起。failing意為下降的；risky意為冒險的，如：Doctors say the operation is too risky．醫(yī)生表示這項手術(shù)風(fēng)險太大。open，開放的；successful，成功的。在該句中，successful相對其他選項更為合適。
13．D [解析]marked意為顯著的，明顯的。如：What is your most marked characteristic?你本身最顯著的特點是什么?clear也是"清晰的、明顯的"意思。quick的意思是快速的；regular，定期的，整齊的；great，偉大的。
14．D [解析]captured，捕獲，抓住，與caught同義。found意為發(fā)現(xiàn)；killed意為殺死； jailed意為監(jiān)禁。
15．A[解析]settle the dispute的意思是解決糾紛。同義的選項是solve。avoid意為避免，如：We must take measures to avoid the traffic accidents．我們必須采取措施避免發(fā)生交通事故。mark意為做標(biāo)記；involve，卷入、陷入。和involve有關(guān)的短語有involved in卷入……；involve with涉及，和……有關(guān)。
第2部分：閱讀判斷
16．A[解析]第二段說The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11，990 women died in the UK in 2007．結(jié)合第一段可知，此句中的婦女死亡人數(shù)指死于乳腺癌的人數(shù)。所以本句正確。
17．A[解析]由第三段The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 197l-the year records began after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s．可知本句正確。
18．B [解析]第四段最后說"beast cancer being diagnosed more often"，因此該句是錯誤的。
19．C [解析]通讀全文，沒有提到本句的相關(guān)信息，選C。
20．C[解析]文中第七段提到Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK，但并未和其他國家進(jìn)行比較，因此，本句Breast cancer is more common in the UK than in many othercountries．是否正確無法從文章中判斷，選C。
21．B [解析]從第八段The number of deaths peaked in 1989，when 15，625 women died． It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004．和第九段There was a slight risein 2005 and then two years offalls．可以判斷出該句是錯誤的。
22．C [解析]最后一段說obesity(肥胖)and alcohol consumption是誘發(fā)乳腺癌的原因之一，但并未提及其他疾病，因此選C。put down to的意思是"歸因于"。
參考譯文
乳腺癌死亡率創(chuàng)新低
婦女死于乳腺癌的記錄已經(jīng)下降到了歷史最低，一年中死于乳腺癌的人數(shù)降到不足12000人，這是有史第一次。
英國癌癥研究中心的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2007年英國婦女死于乳腺癌的人數(shù)是11990。
先前的最低點是在1971年，即開始做該統(tǒng)計的那一年。之后，直到20世紀(jì)80年代末期，死亡率逐年攀升。
英國癌癥研究中心的首席臨床醫(yī)師彼得·約翰遜教授說："雖然被診斷為乳腺癌的病例越來越常見，但是看到死于乳腺癌的女性比過去40年的任何時候都少真是令人歡欣鼓舞。"
"科學(xué)研究在對女性患者進(jìn)行更有效地治療和更好地管理的過程中起到了至關(guān)重要的作用。"
"國民保健制度乳腺掃描計劃的引進(jìn)也做出了貢獻(xiàn)，因為早期診斷出的癌癥患者更容易生存下來。"
在英國，乳腺癌是現(xiàn)在的最常見的癌癥，每年有45500位女性被診斷出患乳腺癌--這個數(shù)字在25年中增加了50％。
死亡的人數(shù)在1989年達(dá)到--15625位婦女死亡。接著死亡人數(shù)每年減少200到400人，這持續(xù)到2004年。
這一數(shù)學(xué)在2005年有輕微的上升，然后是兩年的下降。
"突破乳腺癌"的政策經(jīng)理莎拉·肯特博士說："越來越少的婦女死于乳腺癌，對改善治療，乳腺掃描和疾病意識的影響力的著重強(qiáng)調(diào)，都是令人振奮的消息。"
"然而．仍然有很多婦女患病，這種疾病的發(fā)生率仍在逐年增加。"
不斷上升的乳腺癌發(fā)生率歸因于多種因素，其中包括肥胖和飲酒。
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子
23．F [解析]第二段中提到需要器官移植的人增加的速度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于器官捐獻(xiàn)者。每月有3700人加入等候者的行列。但每天只有77人接受器官移植。每天有18人在等待中死亡。 這些都是講目前器官捐獻(xiàn)和移植的狀況，因此選擇F。
24．E[解析]第三段第一句"There are no age limits on who can donate．"就說明此段和捐獻(xiàn)者的年齡有關(guān)。因此選E。
25．D [解析]第四段的中心是捐獻(xiàn)者不必為他們的醫(yī)療擔(dān)心，他們的醫(yī)療同樣有保障。因此選D。
26．C [解析]第五段講確定器官接受者的因素，也就是如何決定捐贈的器官給哪個患者。因此選C。
27．A [解析]從第二段可以看出A是正確答案There is a great demand for donated olgans.
28．D[解析]從第三段第二句"Newborns as well as senior citizens have been organ donors．"得出正確答案是D。
29．C [解析]結(jié)合選項，從搭配上看sign后面只能跟a donor card。從文章中第四段The transplant team does not become involved with you until doctors have determined that all possible efforts to save vour life have failed．也能看出答案是C。
30．F[解析]最后一段說When an organ donor becomes available，all the patients in the pool are compared to the donor．Factors such as blood and tissue type……are considered．因此F是正確答案。
參考譯文
器官捐贈和移植
器官捐贈和移植是指把一個人的器官或組織移入另一個人的身體的過程。
一直以來，需要器官移植的人數(shù)比捐助者的人數(shù)增加的速度快。每個月約有3700名等候移植者被添加到全國等候移植的名單中。每天大約有77人接受器官移植。然而，由于缺乏捐獻(xiàn)器官而無法進(jìn)行移植的等候者中，每天有18人死亡。
器官捐獻(xiàn)者沒有年齡限制。新生兒以及老年人都可以成為器官捐獻(xiàn)者。如果你的年齡未滿18歲，那么你必須得到家長或監(jiān)護(hù)人的同意。如果你的年齡在18歲以上，你可以簽署捐贈卡，以表明你愿意成為器官和組織的捐贈者。
許多人認(rèn)為如果他們同意捐贈器官，醫(yī)生或急診室的醫(yī)務(wù)人員就不會如不捐贈那樣努力來挽救他們的生命了。事實并非如此。移植團(tuán)隊和拯救你生命的醫(yī)務(wù)人員是完全分離的。移植團(tuán)隊不會和你打交道，除非醫(yī)生確定所有可能挽救你生命的努力都已經(jīng)失敗了。
如果你需要器官移植，你的醫(yī)生會幫助你進(jìn)入全國等待移植的名單中。你的名字將被加在一批人的名字當(dāng)中。當(dāng)器官捐獻(xiàn)者出現(xiàn)時，在這批名單中的所有患者都會和捐獻(xiàn)者比對。
很多因素會被考慮，如血液和組織類型，器官的大小，患者的病情是否緊急，等候的時間，捐贈者和接受者之間的距離。
第4部分：閱讀理解
第一篇
31．D [解析]由第一段的People in the United States consume more than twice the recom． mended amount of salt，raising their risk flor high blood pressure，heart attacks and strokes，government health experts said on Thursday．可知，A、B、C都出現(xiàn)了，因此選D。
32．C[解析]由第二段中…would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no more than 1，500 mgper day和第五段中…should be consuming no more than 1，500 mg of sodium per day…可知，每天鈉的攝入量不應(yīng)超過1500毫克。因此選C。
33．D[解析]文章第三段說到People who adopt a heart-healthy eating pattern that includes a diet low in sodium(鈉)and rich in potassium(鉀)and calcium(鈣)can improve theirblood pressure，因此D是正確答案。
34．B [解析]第五段提到…they are black or over the age of 40-which are consideredhigh-risk groups，因此選B。
35．D[解析]第七段說Most of the sodium eaten comes from packaged，processed and restaurant foods．因此選擇D。
參考譯文
美國人食鹽量過多
周二，政府部門的健康專家表示，美國人的食鹽量比推薦食用量的兩倍還多，這增加了他們罹患高血壓、心臟病以及中風(fēng)的危險。
健康專家發(fā)現(xiàn)近七成的美國成年人屬于高危人群，如果他們每天的食鹽量不超過1500毫克，則會從中受益，然而大多數(shù)美國成年人的日食鹽量接近3500毫克。
疾病預(yù)防控制中心的達(dá)爾文·拉巴德博士在一份聲明中談到："少吃鹽對人們很重要。采用低鈉、高鉀、高鈣的飲食方式有助于維持心臟健康、改善血壓情況。"
拉巴德說："人們需要了解推薦日食鈉量的限制并采取措施減少鈉的攝入量。"
疾病預(yù)防控制中心每周公布的死亡和疾病的研究報告采用了全國普查的數(shù)據(jù)，結(jié)果顯示三分之二成年人的日食鈉量均不應(yīng)超過1500毫克，因為他們是被視為高危人群的黑人或者年齡超過40歲的人。
然而，據(jù)疾病預(yù)防控制中心2005年到2006年的估計，美國大多數(shù)人的日食鈉量為3436毫克。
大多數(shù)食用鈉都來自于袋裝的、加工過的食品和餐廳食品。疾病預(yù)防控制中心稱其將和美國衛(wèi)生與公共服務(wù)部的其他部門一道聯(lián)手主要食品生產(chǎn)商和連鎖餐廳來降低食品供應(yīng)中的鈉含量。
疾病預(yù)防控制中心稱，全國已有1600萬人罹患心臟病，估計還有580萬人已患中風(fēng)。減少食鹽量可以使患這些疾病的風(fēng)險降低。
下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語有下劃線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。
1. We've been through some rough times together.
A. long
B. short
C. happy
D. difficult
2. She gave up her job and started writing poetry.
A. lost
B. created
C. abandoned
D. took
3. Can you give a concrete example to support your idea?
A. special
B. good
C. real
D. specific
4. In the process, the light energy converts to heat energy.
A. changes
B. drops
C. reduces
D. leaves
5. The police took fingerprints and identified the body.
A. discovered
B. touched
C. recognized
D. missed
6. If we leave now, we should miss the traffic.
A. direct
B. mix
C. stop
D. avoid
7. It was a fascinating painting, with clever use of color and light.
A. familiar
B. wonderful
C. large
D. new
8. I propose that we discuss this at the next meeting.
A. suggest
B. request
C. demand
D. order
9. The company has the right to end his employment at any time.
A. offer
B. continue
C. stop
D. provide
10. I was shocked when I saw the size of the telephone bill.
A. excited
B. angry
C. lost
D. surprised
11. What are my chances of promotion if I stay here?
A. retirement
B. advertisement
C. advancement
D. replacement
12. We're happy to report that business is booming this year.
A. failing
B. risky
C. open
D. successful
13. We're seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues.
A. quick
B. regular
C. great
D. clear
14. The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village.
A. found
B. killed
C. jailed
D. caught
15. Rodman met with Tony to try and settle the dispute over his contract.
A. solve
B. avoid
C. mark
D. involve
第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16～22題．每題1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。
Breast Cancer Deaths Record Low
The number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a year for the first time since records began.
The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11,990 women died in the UK in 2007.
The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1971-the year records began after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s.
Professor Peter Johnson, Cancer Research UK's chief clinician, said: "It'S incredibly encouraging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years, despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often."
" Research has played a crucial role in this progress leading to improved treatments and better management for women with the disease."
" The introduction of the NHS(國民保健制度) breast screening program has also contributed as women are more likely to survive the earlier cancer is diagnosed. "Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45 ,500 women every year diagnosed with the disease-a 50% rise in 25 years.
The number of deaths peaked in 1989, when 15,625 women died. It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004.
There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two years of falls.
Dr Sarah Cant, policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer, said: "It is great news that fe-wer women are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments, breastscreening and awareness of the disease. "
" However, this is still too many women and incidence (發(fā)生率) of the disease is increasing year by year. "
The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity(肥胖) and alcohol consumption.
16. 11,990 women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2007.
A. Right
B. wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. Breast cancer deaths began to be recorded in the UK in 1971.
A. Right
B. wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. The rate of breast cancer diagnosis in the UK has been dropping.
A. Right
B. wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. Breast cancer can come back 10 years after you were first diagnosed.
A. Right
B. wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. Breast cancer is more common in the UK than in many other countries.
A. Right
B. wrong
C. Not mentioned .
21. Fewer women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2005 than in 2004.
A. Right
B. wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. Obesity and alcohol consumption may also lead to some other diseases.
A. Right
B. wrong
C. Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第23～30題，每題1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2~5段每段選擇1個標(biāo)題；(2)第27~30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定一個選項。
Organ Donation and Transplantation
1 Organ donation(捐獻(xiàn)) and transplantation(移植) refers to the process by which organs or tissues from one person are put into another person's body.
2 The number of people needing a transplant continues to rise faster than the number of donors. About 3,700 transplant candidates are added to the national waiting list each month. Each day, about 77 people receive organ transplants. However, about 18 people die each day waiting for transplants that can't take place because of the shortage of donated organs.
3 There are no age limits on who can be an organ donor. Newborns as well as senior citizens have been organ donors. If you are younger than 18, you must have a parent's or guardian's consent (同意). If you are 18 years or older, you can show you want to be an organ and tissue donor by signing a donor card.
4 Many people think that if they agree to donate their organs, the doctor or the emergency room staff won't work as hard to save their life. This is not true. The transplant team is completely separate from the medical staff working to save your life. The transplant team does not become involved with you until doctors have determined that all possible efforts to save your life have failed.
5 If you need an organ transplant, your doctor will help you get on the national waiting list.Your name will become part of a pool of names. When an organ donor becomes available, all the patients in the pool are compared to the donor. Factors such as blood and tissue type, size of the organ , medical urgency(緊急) of the patient's illness, time already spent on the waiting list, and distance between donor and recipient(接受者) are considered.
23. Paragraph 2_______.
24. Paragraph 3 _______.
25. Paragraph 4 _______.
26. Paragraph 5 _______.
A. Quality of donated organ
B. Benefits of organ donation
C. Distribution of donated organs
D. Quality of donor medical care
E. Age limits of organ donation
F. Status of organ donation and transplantation
27. There is a great demand for _______.
28. Organ donors range in age from newboms to_______.
29. Doctors will try their best to save your life even if you've signed _______.
30. Various factors are considered when deciding on _______.
A. donated organs
B. the national waiting list
C. a donor card
D. senior citizens
E. all possible efforts
F. the most suitable candidate
第4部分：閱讀理解（第31～45題，每題3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，為每題確定一個答案。
第一篇
U. S. Eats Too Much Salt
People in the United States consume more than twice the recommended amount of salt, raising their risk for high blood pressure, heart attacks and strokes, govemment health experts said on Thursday.
They found nearly 70 percent of U. S. adults are in high-risk groups that would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no more than l,500 mg per day, yet most consume closer to 3,500 mg per day.
"It's important for people to eat less salt. People who adopt a heart-healthy eating pattem that includes a diet low in sodium(鈉) and rich in potassium(鉀) and calcium(鈣) can improve their blood pressure, " Dr. Darwin Labarthe of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in a statement.
" People need to know their recommended daily sodium limit and take action to reduce sodium intake , " Labarthe said.
The study in CDC's weekly report on death and disease used national survey data to show that two out of three adults should be consuming no more than l,500 mg of sodium per day because they are black or over the age of 40-which are considered high-risk groups.
Yet studies show most people in the United States eat 3,436 mg of sodium per day, according to a 2005 - 2006 CDC estimate.
Most of the sodium eaten comes from packaged, processed and restaurant foods. The CDC said it will join other agencies in the Health and Human Services department in working with major food manufacturers and chain restaurants to reduce sodium levels in the food supply.
Nationwide, 16 million men and women have heart disease and 5. 8 million are estimated to have had a stroke. Cutting salt consumption can reduce these risks, the CDC said.
31. Too much salt raises one's risk for _________.
A. strokes
B. heart attacks
C. high blood pressure
D. all of the above
32. The recommended sodium intake for most U. S. adults is ________.
A. closer t0 3,500 mg per day
B. as much as 3,436 mg per day
C. no more than l,500 mg per day
D. less than 3,500 mg per day
33. A heart-healthy diet is one that contains ________.
A. a low level of sodium
B. a lot of potassium and calcium
C. no salt at all
D. both A and B
34. Nearly 70 percent of U. S. adults are in high-risk groups,________.
A. for they are inactive
B. for they are black or over the age of 40
C. for they frequently eat out
D. for they consume sodium every day
35. Packaged, processed and restaurant foods are known to be
A. good in taste
B. low in price
C. poor in nutrition
D. high in salt
第二篇
Sino-Japan Animosity (敵意) Lessens
Chinese and Japanese people view each other slightly more positively than last year, according to a survey released on Wednesday at a press conference in Beijing.
The survey is jointly sponsored by China Daily and Genron NPO (非營利性的組織 ) , a Japanese think tank similar to the American Council on Foreign Relations. It also found overwhelming; a greement in both countries that Sino-Japanese relations were important
The survey is a pan of the Beijing-Tokyo Forum, an annual gathering of senior govemment officials and representatives from Chinese and Japanese NGOs(非政府組織) designed to improve communication and understanding between the two countries.
Conducted every year for five years now, the survey focused on two different groups of people:ordinary citizens, and intellectuals. In China, the intellectual group was comprised mainly of university students from well-known schools like Peking University. In Japan, the "intellectual" group was mainly made up of previous members of Genron NPO.
Among ordinary Chinese polled, 35. 7 percent said they have "very good" or "relatively good" impressions of Japan, a 5. 5-percentage-point increase compared with last year. 45. 2 percent of Chinese students had a positive impression of Japan, two percentage points more than last year. Only 26. 6 percent of Japanese have a positive impression of China, however.
Still, an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country said Sino-Japanese relations were "important" and wanted their leaders to deepen talks and cooperation with each other.
But 51. 9 percent of ordinary people and 42. 4 percent of students in China said they saw no change in relations between the two countries over the last year. In Japan, 64. 8 percent of those ordinary people and 53.4 percent of intellectuals surveyed shared the view that there was no improvement in bilateral ties this year.
Historical issues and territorial disputes remain two major obstacles to improving bilateral relations, the survey found. What concems the Chinese most are historical issues, visits by Japanese officials to Yasukuni Shrine(靖國神社) , and the Nanjing Massacre(*) .
Perceptions on economic and trade relations have improved, though. About 47 percent of ordinary Japanese said China had been "helpful" this year in fighting the global economic crisis, compared with just 30 percent last year. The percent of Japanese intellectuals who said Chinese economic growth was good for Japan increased from 65. 8 percent to 81.4 percent this year.
Cooperation in East Asian issues, trade and investment, energy, and the environment and climate change top the list of common concerns that people in China and Japan want their leaders to talk about in bilateral(雙邊的) meetings, the survey found.
Civil exchanges were regarded by the most people from the both countries as an important way to improve relations. 90. 7 percent of the students and 85. 7 percent of the ordinary people in China and 95. 8% of intellectuals and 74. 8% of the ordinary people in Japan viewed civil exchanges as " important" or " relatively important" .
Chinese and Japanese both learn about each other's countries mostly through television news and newspapers, the survey found.
36. Which of the following statements about the survey is true?
A. The survey was conducted on Wednesday at a press conference in Beijing.
B. The survey is jointly sponsored by China Daily, Genron NPO and the American Council on Foreign Relations.
C. The survey found that people in both China and Japan generally agree that the relationship between the two countries is important.
D. The survey mainly focused on two different groups of people: ordinary citizens, and the university students.
37. According to the passage, the Beijing-Tokyo Forum .
A. is held every year in Beijing
B. aims at promoting communication between the two countries
C. mainly attracts representatives from the governments of the two countries
D. releases a survey on Sino-Japanese relation every five years
38. In the last year,_______% of ordinary Chinese and_______% of Chinese students have a positive impression of Japan.
A. 35.7; 45.2
B. 51.9; 42.4
C. 5.5; 26.6
D. 30.2; 43.2
39. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the major obstacles to improving bilateral ties?
A. Territorial disputes.
B. Trade frictions.
C. Visits by Japanese officials to Yasukuni Shrine.
D. The Nanjing Massacre.
40. The survey found that ________.
A. most Japanese had good or relatively good impressions of China
B. the bilateral relationship was perceived as being improved over last year by the majority of respondents from the both countries
C. an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country believed that the Civil exchanges were an important way to improve relations
D. the territorial issue ranked among the top list of common concems that people in both coun tries want their leaders to talk about in bilateral meetings
第三篇
Holding on to hope may not make patients happier as they deal with chronic illness or diseases, according to a new study by University of Michigan Health System researchers.
" Hope is an important part of happiness, " said Peter A. Ubel M. D. , director of the U-M Center for Behavioral and Decision Sciences in Medicine and one of the authors of the happily hopeless study, "but there's a dark side of hope. Sometimes, if hope makes people put off getting on with their life, it can get in the way of happiness. "
The results showed that people do not adapt well to situations if they are believed to be shortterm. Ubel and his co-authors-both from U-M and Carnegie Mellon University-studied patients who had new colostomies: their colons were removed and they had to have bowel movements in a pouch that lies outside their body.
At the time they received their colostomy, some patients were told that the colostomy was reversible-that they would undergo a second operation to reconnect their bowels after several months. Others were told that the colostomy was permanent and that they would never have normal bowel function again. The second group-the one without hope-reported being happier over the next six months than those with reversible colostomies.
" We think they were happier because they got on with their lives. They realized the cards they were dealt, and recognized that they had no choice but to play with those cards, " says Ubel, who is also a professor in the Department of Internal Medicine.
"The other group was waiting for their colostomy to be reversed, " he added. "They contrastedtheir current life with the life they hoped to lead, and didn't make the best of their current situation. "
" Hopeful messages may not be in the best interests of the patient and may interfere with the patient's emotional adaptation, " Ubel says. "I don't think we should take hope away. But I think we have to be careful about building up people's hope so much that they put off living their lives. "
41 Chronically ill patients may be happier ________.
A. if they keep thinking of their past
B. if they believe they'll recover
C. if they put off moving on
D. if they manage to get on with their life
42 What had happened to the patients under study?
A. They had just survived an accident.
B. They had just had an operation.
C. They had just injured their colons.
D. They had just made some pouches.
43 One group of the patients was happier because ________.
A. they made the best of their current situation
B. they were good at playing function
C. they regarded normal bowel function
D. they were promised another operation
44 The other group was not as happy because ________.
A. they accepted their current situation
B. they were anxious to get better
C. they missed their previous life
D. they refused to play cards
45 What could be the message of the passage?
A. Giving up hope means giving up happiness.
B. Letting go of hope is at times a better choice.
C. Hope is what makes people move on.
D. Hope frequently gets in the way of happiness.
第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文（第46~50題，每題2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。
Houses of the Future
What will houses be like in thirty years' time? No one really knows, but architects are trying topredict. _______(46)
Future houses will have to be flexible. In thirty years' time even more of us will be working from home. So we will have to be able to use areas of the houses for work for part of the day and for living for the rest. Families grow and change with children arriving growing up and leaving home. ________(47) Nothing will be as fixed as it is now. The house will always be changing to meet changing needs.
Everyone agrees that in thirty years' time we will be live in "intelligent" houses. We will be able to talk to our kitchen and discuss with them what to do. Like this, "We'll be having a party this weekend. What food shall we cook?" ________.(48) We will be able to leave most of the cooking to the machines, just tasting things from time to time to check.
The house of the future will be personal-each house will be different. _______(49) You won't have to paint them-you'll be able to tell the wall to change the color! And you don't like the color the next day, you'll be able to have a new one. _______(50)
A. What will our home be like then?
B. And the machine will tell us that food we will have to buy and how to cook it.
C. You will be able to change the color of the wall easily.
D. The only thing you won't be able to do is move the house somewhere else!
E. The house of the future will have to grow and change with the family.
F. The kid might take their bedrooms with them as they leave.
第6部分：完形填空（第51~65題，每題1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容為每處空白處確定一個選項。
Swine Flu in New York
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has confirmed cases of swine _______(51）in eight students at a New York preparatory(預(yù)科的) school, Mayor Michael Bloomberg said Sunday. The students have had only _______(52) symptoms and none have been hospitalized, he said. Some of the students have already recovered.
More than 100 students were absent from _______(53) due to flu-like symptoms last week.New York health officials tested samples for eight students Saturday and determined the students were probably _______(54) from swine flu, and the CDC confirmed the _______(55) on Sunday, Bloomberg said.
The announcement brings the _______(56) of confirmed swine flu cases in the United States to 20. Bloomberg said there is no _______(57) of a citywide outbreak(爆發(fā)) of the flu, and no sign of a potential outbreak of swine flu at _______(58) schools.
Some students at the school _______(59) spring break in Mexico, Bloomberg said, but authorities have not determined _______(60) any of the students with a confirmed case of swine flu was in Mexico. Someone who traveled to Mexico may not have had any flu symptoms but _______(61) on the flu to someone else, he noted.
Bloomberg called on students who are home sick to _______(62) home for 48 hours after their symptoms subside.
If symptoms are normal for a regular kind of flu, there is _______(63) need to go to a hospital, said Bloomberg. If symptoms become severe, as _______(64) any illness, people should go to the hospital, he said.
St. Francis, which has 2,700 students, announced it will remain closed for two days._______(65) whether the students' illnesses have been minor because they're young and healthy or because it is a minor strain of the virus, Frieden responded, "We don't know. "
51. A. fever B. cold C. sickness D. flu
52. A. severe B. mild C. physical D. typical
53. A. hospital B. school C. work D. home
54. A. recovering B. learning C. escaping D. suffering
55. A. choice B. treatment C. diagnosis D. doubt
56. A. number B. spread C. size D. amount
57. A. chance B. sign C. news D. hope
58. A. much B. other C. another D. few
59. A. traveled B. closed C. spent D. lasted
60. A. why B. whether C. how D. when
61. A. passed B. kept C. rolled D. swept
62. A. return B. stay C. leave D. go
63. A. no B. some C. any D. great
64. A. upon B. with C. along D. down
65. A. Told B. Tested C. Greeted D. Asked
2010年全國職稱英語衛(wèi)生類（C級）考試參考答案
第1部分：詞匯選項
1． D[解析]rough意為粗糙的、艱苦的，rough time指困難時刻，與difficult time意思一樣。long意為長的；short意為短的；happy意為幸福的，與rough意義相反。
2． C[解析]give up是"放棄"的意思。如：In view of the circumstances，we should giveup the plan．考慮到情況的變化，我們應(yīng)該放棄這項計劃。abandon也是"放棄"的意思。如： After the age of about thirty he abandoned individual ambition．他一過三十就放棄了個人的雄心壯志。lost的意思是丟失；create意為創(chuàng)造；take意為拿。
3． D [解析]concrete意為具體的，它的同義詞是specific。如：In painting art，the expressed most specific theme and image is often the most abstract thinking．在繪畫藝術(shù)中，體的主題和形象所表達(dá)的往往是最抽象的思想。special的意思是特殊的；good，好的；real，真的。
4． A[解析]convert的意思是轉(zhuǎn)變、改變，change也是"改變"的意思。drop的意思是掉下、落下，而短語drop in意為順便走訪，如：Can you drop in at my office?你能順便到我辦公室來一下嗎?reduce是"減少"的意思；leave的意思是離開。
5．C[解析]identify是"識別、認(rèn)出"的意思。如：We must also identify and nurture newtalent．我們也必須識別和培養(yǎng)新的人才。recognize也是"認(rèn)出"的意思。discover指發(fā)現(xiàn)，如： Columbus was one of the first Europeans to discover North America．哥倫布是最早發(fā)現(xiàn)北美洲的歐洲人之一。touch，觸摸；miss，錯過、想念。
6．D[解析]該句中miss意為錯過、避開，和avoid同義。direct是"指揮"的意思；mix的意思是混合；stop意為停止。
7． B [解析]fascinating和wonderful都是極好的，奇妙的意思。familiar意為熟悉的； large意為大的；new意為新的。
8． A[解析]propose的意思是建議，與suggest同義。request和demand意思相近，意為要求；order是"命令"的意思。propose，suggest，request和demand后的從句需要用虛擬語氣，即(should)+動詞原形。
9． C[解析]end的意思是結(jié)束，終止；stop意為停止，與end意義相近。offer是提供、提議：continue意為繼續(xù)：provide意為提供。
10．D [解析]shock和surprise都有驚訝的意思。excited意為興奮的；anger，氣憤的；lost當(dāng)動詞時是"遺失"的意思，用作形容詞，有"遺失的"或"迷惑的"之意。
11．C[解析]promotion和advancement都是"晉升"的意思。retirement是"退休"的意思；advertisement意為廣告；replacement意為替代。
12．D [解析]booming意思是興旺的，繁榮的。如：Port construction and investment isbooming all over the country．港口建設(shè)和投資的熱潮正在全國范圍內(nèi)興起。failing意為下降的；risky意為冒險的，如：Doctors say the operation is too risky．醫(yī)生表示這項手術(shù)風(fēng)險太大。open，開放的；successful，成功的。在該句中，successful相對其他選項更為合適。
13．D [解析]marked意為顯著的，明顯的。如：What is your most marked characteristic?你本身最顯著的特點是什么?clear也是"清晰的、明顯的"意思。quick的意思是快速的；regular，定期的，整齊的；great，偉大的。
14．D [解析]captured，捕獲，抓住，與caught同義。found意為發(fā)現(xiàn)；killed意為殺死； jailed意為監(jiān)禁。
15．A[解析]settle the dispute的意思是解決糾紛。同義的選項是solve。avoid意為避免，如：We must take measures to avoid the traffic accidents．我們必須采取措施避免發(fā)生交通事故。mark意為做標(biāo)記；involve，卷入、陷入。和involve有關(guān)的短語有involved in卷入……；involve with涉及，和……有關(guān)。
第2部分：閱讀判斷
16．A[解析]第二段說The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11，990 women died in the UK in 2007．結(jié)合第一段可知，此句中的婦女死亡人數(shù)指死于乳腺癌的人數(shù)。所以本句正確。
17．A[解析]由第三段The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 197l-the year records began after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s．可知本句正確。
18．B [解析]第四段最后說"beast cancer being diagnosed more often"，因此該句是錯誤的。
19．C [解析]通讀全文，沒有提到本句的相關(guān)信息，選C。
20．C[解析]文中第七段提到Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK，但并未和其他國家進(jìn)行比較，因此，本句Breast cancer is more common in the UK than in many othercountries．是否正確無法從文章中判斷，選C。
21．B [解析]從第八段The number of deaths peaked in 1989，when 15，625 women died． It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004．和第九段There was a slight risein 2005 and then two years offalls．可以判斷出該句是錯誤的。
22．C [解析]最后一段說obesity(肥胖)and alcohol consumption是誘發(fā)乳腺癌的原因之一，但并未提及其他疾病，因此選C。put down to的意思是"歸因于"。
參考譯文
乳腺癌死亡率創(chuàng)新低
婦女死于乳腺癌的記錄已經(jīng)下降到了歷史最低，一年中死于乳腺癌的人數(shù)降到不足12000人，這是有史第一次。
英國癌癥研究中心的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2007年英國婦女死于乳腺癌的人數(shù)是11990。
先前的最低點是在1971年，即開始做該統(tǒng)計的那一年。之后，直到20世紀(jì)80年代末期，死亡率逐年攀升。
英國癌癥研究中心的首席臨床醫(yī)師彼得·約翰遜教授說："雖然被診斷為乳腺癌的病例越來越常見，但是看到死于乳腺癌的女性比過去40年的任何時候都少真是令人歡欣鼓舞。"
"科學(xué)研究在對女性患者進(jìn)行更有效地治療和更好地管理的過程中起到了至關(guān)重要的作用。"
"國民保健制度乳腺掃描計劃的引進(jìn)也做出了貢獻(xiàn)，因為早期診斷出的癌癥患者更容易生存下來。"
在英國，乳腺癌是現(xiàn)在的最常見的癌癥，每年有45500位女性被診斷出患乳腺癌--這個數(shù)字在25年中增加了50％。
死亡的人數(shù)在1989年達(dá)到--15625位婦女死亡。接著死亡人數(shù)每年減少200到400人，這持續(xù)到2004年。
這一數(shù)學(xué)在2005年有輕微的上升，然后是兩年的下降。
"突破乳腺癌"的政策經(jīng)理莎拉·肯特博士說："越來越少的婦女死于乳腺癌，對改善治療，乳腺掃描和疾病意識的影響力的著重強(qiáng)調(diào)，都是令人振奮的消息。"
"然而．仍然有很多婦女患病，這種疾病的發(fā)生率仍在逐年增加。"
不斷上升的乳腺癌發(fā)生率歸因于多種因素，其中包括肥胖和飲酒。
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子
23．F [解析]第二段中提到需要器官移植的人增加的速度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于器官捐獻(xiàn)者。每月有3700人加入等候者的行列。但每天只有77人接受器官移植。每天有18人在等待中死亡。 這些都是講目前器官捐獻(xiàn)和移植的狀況，因此選擇F。
24．E[解析]第三段第一句"There are no age limits on who can donate．"就說明此段和捐獻(xiàn)者的年齡有關(guān)。因此選E。
25．D [解析]第四段的中心是捐獻(xiàn)者不必為他們的醫(yī)療擔(dān)心，他們的醫(yī)療同樣有保障。因此選D。
26．C [解析]第五段講確定器官接受者的因素，也就是如何決定捐贈的器官給哪個患者。因此選C。
27．A [解析]從第二段可以看出A是正確答案There is a great demand for donated olgans.
28．D[解析]從第三段第二句"Newborns as well as senior citizens have been organ donors．"得出正確答案是D。
29．C [解析]結(jié)合選項，從搭配上看sign后面只能跟a donor card。從文章中第四段The transplant team does not become involved with you until doctors have determined that all possible efforts to save vour life have failed．也能看出答案是C。
30．F[解析]最后一段說When an organ donor becomes available，all the patients in the pool are compared to the donor．Factors such as blood and tissue type……are considered．因此F是正確答案。
參考譯文
器官捐贈和移植
器官捐贈和移植是指把一個人的器官或組織移入另一個人的身體的過程。
一直以來，需要器官移植的人數(shù)比捐助者的人數(shù)增加的速度快。每個月約有3700名等候移植者被添加到全國等候移植的名單中。每天大約有77人接受器官移植。然而，由于缺乏捐獻(xiàn)器官而無法進(jìn)行移植的等候者中，每天有18人死亡。
器官捐獻(xiàn)者沒有年齡限制。新生兒以及老年人都可以成為器官捐獻(xiàn)者。如果你的年齡未滿18歲，那么你必須得到家長或監(jiān)護(hù)人的同意。如果你的年齡在18歲以上，你可以簽署捐贈卡，以表明你愿意成為器官和組織的捐贈者。
許多人認(rèn)為如果他們同意捐贈器官，醫(yī)生或急診室的醫(yī)務(wù)人員就不會如不捐贈那樣努力來挽救他們的生命了。事實并非如此。移植團(tuán)隊和拯救你生命的醫(yī)務(wù)人員是完全分離的。移植團(tuán)隊不會和你打交道，除非醫(yī)生確定所有可能挽救你生命的努力都已經(jīng)失敗了。
如果你需要器官移植，你的醫(yī)生會幫助你進(jìn)入全國等待移植的名單中。你的名字將被加在一批人的名字當(dāng)中。當(dāng)器官捐獻(xiàn)者出現(xiàn)時，在這批名單中的所有患者都會和捐獻(xiàn)者比對。
很多因素會被考慮，如血液和組織類型，器官的大小，患者的病情是否緊急，等候的時間，捐贈者和接受者之間的距離。
第4部分：閱讀理解
第一篇
31．D [解析]由第一段的People in the United States consume more than twice the recom． mended amount of salt，raising their risk flor high blood pressure，heart attacks and strokes，government health experts said on Thursday．可知，A、B、C都出現(xiàn)了，因此選D。
32．C[解析]由第二段中…would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no more than 1，500 mgper day和第五段中…should be consuming no more than 1，500 mg of sodium per day…可知，每天鈉的攝入量不應(yīng)超過1500毫克。因此選C。
33．D[解析]文章第三段說到People who adopt a heart-healthy eating pattern that includes a diet low in sodium(鈉)and rich in potassium(鉀)and calcium(鈣)can improve theirblood pressure，因此D是正確答案。
34．B [解析]第五段提到…they are black or over the age of 40-which are consideredhigh-risk groups，因此選B。
35．D[解析]第七段說Most of the sodium eaten comes from packaged，processed and restaurant foods．因此選擇D。
參考譯文
美國人食鹽量過多
周二，政府部門的健康專家表示，美國人的食鹽量比推薦食用量的兩倍還多，這增加了他們罹患高血壓、心臟病以及中風(fēng)的危險。
健康專家發(fā)現(xiàn)近七成的美國成年人屬于高危人群，如果他們每天的食鹽量不超過1500毫克，則會從中受益，然而大多數(shù)美國成年人的日食鹽量接近3500毫克。
疾病預(yù)防控制中心的達(dá)爾文·拉巴德博士在一份聲明中談到："少吃鹽對人們很重要。采用低鈉、高鉀、高鈣的飲食方式有助于維持心臟健康、改善血壓情況。"
拉巴德說："人們需要了解推薦日食鈉量的限制并采取措施減少鈉的攝入量。"
疾病預(yù)防控制中心每周公布的死亡和疾病的研究報告采用了全國普查的數(shù)據(jù)，結(jié)果顯示三分之二成年人的日食鈉量均不應(yīng)超過1500毫克，因為他們是被視為高危人群的黑人或者年齡超過40歲的人。
然而，據(jù)疾病預(yù)防控制中心2005年到2006年的估計，美國大多數(shù)人的日食鈉量為3436毫克。
大多數(shù)食用鈉都來自于袋裝的、加工過的食品和餐廳食品。疾病預(yù)防控制中心稱其將和美國衛(wèi)生與公共服務(wù)部的其他部門一道聯(lián)手主要食品生產(chǎn)商和連鎖餐廳來降低食品供應(yīng)中的鈉含量。
疾病預(yù)防控制中心稱，全國已有1600萬人罹患心臟病，估計還有580萬人已患中風(fēng)。減少食鹽量可以使患這些疾病的風(fēng)險降低。
