2012年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級真題及答案
第一部分：詞匯選項(第1~15題，每題1分，共15分)
下面每個句子中均有1個詞或者短語有括號，請為每處括號部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。
1、The storm caused severe damage.
A.physical
B.accidental
C.serious
D.environmental
【參考答案】：C
2、Many forms of cancer can be cured if detectedearly
A.selected
B.operated
C.developed
D.discovered
【參考答案】：D
3、The story was published with the solepurpose of selling newspapers
A.real
B.main
C.only
D.practical
【參考答案】：C
4、A large crowd assembled outside the American embassy
A.gathered
B.watched
C.shouted
D.walked
【參考答案】：A
5、He kept in constant contact with his family while he was in Australia
A.gradual
B.regular
C.direst
D.occasional
【參考答案】：B
6、On the table was a vase filled with artificial flowers
A.wild
B.fresh
C.lovely
D.false
【參考答案】：D
7、We had trouble finding a purewater supply
A.typical
B.complete
C.clean
D.clear
【參考答案】：C
8、“What do you mean by that”Paul asked sharply
A.critically
B.helplessy
C.politely
D.quickly
【參考答案】：A
9、She only needs a minuteamount of money
A.certain
B.fair
C.full
D.small
【參考答案】：D
10、Keep your passport in a secureplace
A.special
B.good
C.safe
D.different
【參考答案】：C
11、He inspiredmany young people to take up the sport
A.encouraged
B.allowed
C.called
D.advised
【參考答案】：A
12、Did she accept his research proposal?
A.invitation
B.plan
C.offer
D.view
【參考答案】：B
13、The city centre was wiped out by the bomb
A.covered
B.destroyed
C.reduced
D.moved
【參考答案】：B
14、I’d like to withdraw500 from my current account
A.leave
B.pay
C.put
D.draw
【參考答案】：D
15、The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious
A.hate
B.need
C.love
D.pity
【參考答案】：D
第二部分：閱讀判斷(第16~22題，每題1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷;如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B;如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。
Tiny Invaders
The human body is truly amazing. It allows us to sense the world around us, to do work and have fun, and to move from place to place. In fact, the human body does its work so well that most people don't think about it very much -- until they get sick.
The germs(致病菌)that make people sick are everywhere. You can't see them, but they're there. They're sitting on your desk. They're hiding on your computer's keyboard. They're even in the air that you are breathing. There are two types of germs: viruses and bacteria(細菌).Viruses are germs that can only live inside animals or plants. Viruses cause illnesses such as flu and measles(麻疹).Bacteria are tiny creatures. Some bacteria are good. They can help your stomach break down food. Other bacteria aren't so good. They can-make you sick. Bacteria can cause sore throats(喉痛)and ear infections.
How can you stop these tiny invaders from making you sick? Your skin is the first defense against germs. You can prevent some illnesses simply by washing, with soap and water. But germs can still enter the body through small cuts in the skin or through the mouth, eyes, and nose.
Once germs are inside your body, your immune(免疫的)system tries to protect you. It looks for and destroys germs. How does it do that? Special cells patrol your body. Some of these cells actually eat germs! Other cells make antibodies. An antibody sticks to a germ. There is a different antibody for each kind of germ. Some antibodies keep germs from making you sick. Others help your body find and kill germs. After a germ is destroyed, the antibodies stay in your body. They protect you if the same kind of germ comes back. That way you will not get the same illness twice.
You can keep your body healthy by eating a nutritious(有營養(yǎng)的)diet to make your immune system strong. You can also help your immune system fight germs by getting vaccinated(接種).Vaccines are medicines. They contain germs that have been killed or weakened. The dead germs can't make you sick. Instead, they cause your body to make antibodies.If the same germ ever shows up again, then your antibodies attack it.
16. Viruses can only live inside people or animals.
【參考答案】：B
17. All bacteria cause illnesses.
【參考答案】：B
18. Washing your skin can prevent some illnesses.
【參考答案】：A
19. Germs can enter the body through the eyes.
【參考答案】：A
20. The heart contains the body's strongest muscle.
【參考答案】：C
21. After they kill germs, antibodies stay in the body.
【參考答案】：A
22. Vaccines can make you sick.
【參考答案】：B
第三部分：概括大意和完成句子(第23~30題，每題1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2項測試任務：(1)第23~26題要求從所給的6個選項中為指定段落每段選擇1個小標題;(2)第27~30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定一個選項。
Alcoholism
1 Yes, alcoholism can be treated. Alcoholism treatment programs use both counseling and medication(藥物治療)to help a person stop drinking. Most alcoholics need help to recover from their disease. With support and treatment, many people are able to stop drinking and rebuild their lives.
2 A range of medication is used to treat alcoholism. Benzodiazepines(苯二氮平類藥物) are sometimes used during the first days after a person stops drinking to help him or her safely withdraw from alcohol. However, these medications are not used beyond the first few days because they may be highly addictive. Other medications help people remain sober(清醒).One medication used for this purpose is naltrexone(環(huán)丙甲羥二羥嗎啡酮). When combined with counseling, naltrexone can reduce the strong desire for alcohol and help prevent a person from returning to heavy drinking. Another medication, disulfiram (戒酒硫), discourages drinking by making the person feel sick if he or she drinks alcohol. Though several medications help treat alcoholism, there is no "magic bullet.“Developing new and more effective medications to treat alcoholism remains a high priority for researchers.
3 Alcoholism treatment works for many people. But just like any chronic disease, there are different levels of success in treatment. Some people stop drinking and remain sober. Others cannot stop drinking for any length of time. With treatment, one thing is clear, however, the longer a person stops drinking alcohol, the more likely he or she will be able to stay sober.
4 No, alcoholism cannot be cured at this time. Even if an alcoholic hasn't been drinking for a long time, he or she can still return to the drinking habit. To guard against it, an alcoholic must continue to avoid all alcoholic drinks.
23、paragraph 1_____F______
24、paragraph 2_____A______
25、paragraph 3_____D______
26、paragraph 4_____C______
A.What medications treat alcoholism?
B.What are drinking problems?
C.Can alcoholism be cured?
D.Does alcoholism treatment work?
E.what is alcoholism?
F.Can alcoholism be treated?
27、Medication can help some people __F____
28、Disulfiram can prevent drinking by making the alcoholic ___D____
29、For alcoholism treatment，there is no single medication that works ___E____
30、The key to cure alcoholism is to avoid all ___B____
A.stay confused
B.alcoholic drinks
C.medical treatment
D.feel sick
E.in every person
F.stop drinking
第一篇
Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering began when the DNA molecule(分子), the most basic unit of life, was first described in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick. An understanding of DNA led to the altering of normal cell reproduction. Experiments with altering human cells began in 1970. In one of the first experiments, patients were injected with a virus that would produce a life-saving enzyme, but their bodies would not accept it. In 1980 patients with a rare but fatal blood disease were injected with a purified gene that was cloned through DNA technology. Another failure.
Genetic engineering got a legal boost(激勵) in 1980. The U.S. Supreme Court said that a patent could be granted on a genetically engineered "oil-eating" bacterium(細菌). This bacterium would help clean up oil spills. The ruling encouraged companies to invent new life forms, and three important medical products were quickly developed.
l Human interferon(干擾素)-- a possible solution to some cancers and viral disease. A newly engineered bacterium produced human interferon as a by-product. This new product reduced the cost of interferon.
l Human growth hormone-- for children whose bodies do not grow to normal height. An expensive growth hormone(荷爾蒙) was previously produced from human cadavers, but by changing the genetic make-up of the single-cell bacterium E. coli, and affordable growth hormone could be produced.
l Human insulin(胰島素)-- for the treatment of diabetes. People with diabetes used to rely on a beef- or pork-based product until 1982. Now insulin can be manufactured by genetically altered bacteria.
Advances in genetic engineering have continued, though they constantly must be weighted against the safety of procedures. There is clearly much more to discover.
31. This passage is mainly about
A. the effects of altering cells.
B. the human growth hormone.
C. insulin resistance.
D. U.S. Supreme Court rulings.
【參考答案】：A
32. Genetic enginerring may be defined as
A. the altering of normal cell reproduction
B. a branch of applied chemistry.
C. a procedure that holds little promise.
D. a study on life-saving enzymes.
【參考答案】：A
33. According to the passage, human interferon
A. is a hormone that causes disease.
B. could be used to treat cancer.
C. is a viral disease
D. has been cured
【參考答案】：B
34. In this passage, the three genetically engineered medical products are presented
A. as a process.
B. in a simple list.
C. from earliest to latest.
D.as a story.
【參考答案】：B
35. In the last paragraph, the word "weighed" has the cloest meaning with
A. had great influence
B. became a burden.
C. considered carefully.
D. measured accurately.
【參考答案】：C
第二篇
Puerto Rican Cuisine(菜肴)
Puerto Rico, a Caribbean (加勒比海區(qū)) island rich in history and remarkable natural beauty, has a cuisine all its own. Immigration(移民) to the island has helped to shape its cuisine, with people from all over the world making various contributions to it. However, before the arrival of these immigrants, the Taino people lived on the island of Puerto Rico. Taino cuisine included such foods as rodents (嚙齒動物), fresh shellfish and fish fried in corn oil.
Many aspects of Taino cuisine continue today in Puerto Rican cooking, but it has been heavily influenced by the Spanish, who invaded Puerto Rico in 1508, and Africans, who were initially brought to Puerto Rico to work as slaves. Taino cooking styles were mixed with ideas brought by the Spanish and Africans to create new dishes. The Spanish extended food choices by bringing cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep to the island. Africans also added to the island's food culture by introducing powerful, contrasting tastes in dishes. In fact, much of the food Puerto Rico is now famous for - coffee, coconuts, and oranges - was actually imported by foreigners to the island.
A common assumption many people make about Puerto Rican food is that it is very spicy(辛辣的). lt's true that chili peppers are popular; aij caballero in particular is a very hot chili pepper that Puerto Ricans enjoy. However, milder(微辣的) tastes are popular too, such as sofrito. As the base of many Puerto Rican dishes, sofrito is a sauce made from chopped onions, green bell peppers, sweet chili peppers, and a handful of other spices. It is fried in oil and then added to other dishes.
36、who lived in Puerto Rico first
A.the Africans
B.the Spanish
C.the Americans
D.the Taino people
【參考答案】：D
37、In the first paragraph the word “it” refers to
A.immigration
B.Caribbean history
C.the island’s natural beauty
D.Puerto Rican cuisine
【參考答案】：D
38、what is the main idea of the second paragraph?
A.Taino dishes are important in Puerto Rican cooking
B.Food imported by foreigners isn’t really Puerto Rican
C.Puerto Rican cooking has many outside influences
D.African foods have probably had the most influence
【參考答案】：C
39、How is sofrito used?
A.It is eaten before meals
B.It is added to other dishes
C.It is used where foods are too spicy
D.It is eaten as a main dish
【參考答案】：B
40、 which of the following is NOT true?
A.softito is a type of extremely spicy food
B.Many people think Puerto Rican food is spicy
C.Puerto Rican cuisine uses a lot of chili peppers
D.Aij caballero is a type of chile pepper
【參考答案】：A
第三篇
Eat healthy
"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate club1!’’ Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often, it’s accompanied by an appeal： “Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!2" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites3. Instead of staying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.
According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story.4 Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.
Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University; told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began (o grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.
Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently, some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can’t afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.
It’s not that working class Americans don’t want to eat healthy. It’s just that, "after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal.5 They live frompaycheck to paycheck, happy to save a little money for next year’s Christmas presents.
41、Parents in the United States tend to ask their children
A.not to waste food at meals
B.to save food for tomorrow
C.to wash the dishes clean
D.not to eat too much at meals
【參考答案】：A
42、American restaurants serve large portions because Americans
A.have big bellies
B.value quantity
C.want enough nutrition
D.are mostly rich
【參考答案】：B
43、what happened in America in the 1970S?
A.The restaurants began to serve smaller portions
B.Health experts advised people to eat less
C.May American tried to get slim
D.the America waistline started to expand
【參考答案】：D
44、what does the survey indicate?
A.20 percent Americans want smaller portions
B.57 percent Americans earn $150.000 per year
C.Low-income American prefer large portions
D.23 percent Americans earn less than $25.000per year
【參考答案】：C
45、which of the following is NOT true of walking class Americans?
A.they live from paycheck to paycheck
B.they don’t have the habit of saving money
C.they work long hours
D.the want to be healthy eaters
【參考答案】：B
第5部分：補全短文(第46~50題，每題2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復文章面貌。
Forests for Cities
You are standing in a beautiful forest in Japan. The air is clean and smells like plants and flowers. There are 175 different kinds of trees, and 60 kinds of birds live here. ___C____ (46) You are downtown in the city of Nara, Japan, in Kasugayama Forest, the oldest urban forest in the world. It was started more than a thousand years ago, and today it's very popular with tourists and artists.
Cities around the world are working to protect their urban forests. Some urban forests are parks, and some are just streets with a lot of trees. But all urban forests have many good effects on the environment. ____D___ (47) They also stop the noise from heavy traffic. They even make the weather better because they make the air 3-5 degrees cooler, and they stop strong winds.
Urban forests also have many good effects on people. They make the city more beautiful. In a crowded area, they give people a place to relax and spend time in nature. ___B__(48)
In some countries, people are starting new urban forests. In England, there are now 1.3 million trees in an urban forest called Thames Chase, east of London. It was started in 1990, and it has grown very fast. Walking and bicycle clubs use the forest, and there are programs for children and artists.
__E__ (49)
Some older cities don't have space for a big urban forest, but planting trees on the streets makes the city better. Scientists found that commuters (通勤人員) feel more relaxed when they can see trees. Trees are even good for business. ___A____ (50) In the future, urban forests will become even more important as our cities grow bigger. In the megacities(超大城市) of tomorrow, people will need more green space to live a comfortable life. Planting trees today will make our lives better in the future.
A.People spend more time at shopping centers that have trees
B.In hot countries，urban forests are cool places for walking and other healthy exercises
C.But you are not in rural area
D.Trees take pollution out of the air
E.In 2033，it will have 5 million trees
F.It has many kinds of birds in the country
第6部分：完形填空(第52~65題，每題1分，共15分)
下面的短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個選項。
Going on a diet
A typical person needs about 1,800 calories per day to stay alive. These calories keep your heart 1_______and your lungs breathing. They keep your organs operating 2_______and, your brain running. They also keep your body warm. A person 3______weight because he or she consumes more calories per day than needed. The only way to lose fat is to 4______the number of calories that you consume per day. This is the basic 5______behind going on a diet.
Unfortunately，diets don't 6______for most people. They do lose weight but then go 7______ the diet and put it back. Building a sensible diet and exercise plan is the key to 8______ a consistent weight. You need to figure out how many calories you need in a day and how many you 9______ take in. The next step is to add ，exercise so that you can 10______the number of calories you can consume per day.
Exercise charts can show you how many calories different 11______of exercise can burn. Burning 250 or 500 calories per day can 12______a big difference. You can ride an exercise bike while you are watching TV or you can 13______ the stairs instead of the elevator. Find an exercise 14______. Exercise can be a lot easier if there is someone to talk to. It's a good idea to wear firm-fitting clothes if you are on a diet. 15______clothing acts as a reminder of what you are trying to accomplish.
51. ( ) A.jumping B.turning C.beating D.kicking 【參考答案】：C
52. ( ) A.quickly B.easily C.warmly D.properly 【參考答案】：D
53. ( ) A.gains B.brings C.takes D.carries 【參考答案】：A
54. ( ) A.double B.reduce C.fix D.remove 【參考答案】：B
55. ( ) A.pinciple B.from C.method D.kind 【參考答案】：A
56. ( ) A.work B.start C.change D.balance 【參考答案】：A
57. ( ) A.on B.after C.off D.for 【參考答案】：C
58. ( ) A.getting B.meeting C.supporting D.maintaining 【參考答案】：D
59. ( ) A.partly B.hopefully C.wisely D.actually 【參考答案】：D
60. ( ) A.contain B.cut C.raise D.grow 【參考答案】：C
61. ( ) A.ways B.factors C.functions D.forms 【參考答案】：D
62. ( ) A.have B.do C.make D.give 【參考答案】：C
63. ( ) A.set B.climb C.run D.repair 【參考答案】：B
64. ( ) A.partner B.colleague C.associate D.to 【參考答案】：A
65. ( ) A. Tight B. Loose C. Casual D. Formal 【參考答案】：A
第一部分：詞匯選項(第1~15題，每題1分，共15分)
下面每個句子中均有1個詞或者短語有括號，請為每處括號部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。
1、The storm caused severe damage.
A.physical
B.accidental
C.serious
D.environmental
【參考答案】：C
2、Many forms of cancer can be cured if detectedearly
A.selected
B.operated
C.developed
D.discovered
【參考答案】：D
3、The story was published with the solepurpose of selling newspapers
A.real
B.main
C.only
D.practical
【參考答案】：C
4、A large crowd assembled outside the American embassy
A.gathered
B.watched
C.shouted
D.walked
【參考答案】：A
5、He kept in constant contact with his family while he was in Australia
A.gradual
B.regular
C.direst
D.occasional
【參考答案】：B
6、On the table was a vase filled with artificial flowers
A.wild
B.fresh
C.lovely
D.false
【參考答案】：D
7、We had trouble finding a purewater supply
A.typical
B.complete
C.clean
D.clear
【參考答案】：C
8、“What do you mean by that”Paul asked sharply
A.critically
B.helplessy
C.politely
D.quickly
【參考答案】：A
9、She only needs a minuteamount of money
A.certain
B.fair
C.full
D.small
【參考答案】：D
10、Keep your passport in a secureplace
A.special
B.good
C.safe
D.different
【參考答案】：C
11、He inspiredmany young people to take up the sport
A.encouraged
B.allowed
C.called
D.advised
【參考答案】：A
12、Did she accept his research proposal?
A.invitation
B.plan
C.offer
D.view
【參考答案】：B
13、The city centre was wiped out by the bomb
A.covered
B.destroyed
C.reduced
D.moved
【參考答案】：B
14、I’d like to withdraw500 from my current account
A.leave
B.pay
C.put
D.draw
【參考答案】：D
15、The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious
A.hate
B.need
C.love
D.pity
【參考答案】：D
第二部分：閱讀判斷(第16~22題，每題1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷;如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B;如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。
Tiny Invaders
The human body is truly amazing. It allows us to sense the world around us, to do work and have fun, and to move from place to place. In fact, the human body does its work so well that most people don't think about it very much -- until they get sick.
The germs(致病菌)that make people sick are everywhere. You can't see them, but they're there. They're sitting on your desk. They're hiding on your computer's keyboard. They're even in the air that you are breathing. There are two types of germs: viruses and bacteria(細菌).Viruses are germs that can only live inside animals or plants. Viruses cause illnesses such as flu and measles(麻疹).Bacteria are tiny creatures. Some bacteria are good. They can help your stomach break down food. Other bacteria aren't so good. They can-make you sick. Bacteria can cause sore throats(喉痛)and ear infections.
How can you stop these tiny invaders from making you sick? Your skin is the first defense against germs. You can prevent some illnesses simply by washing, with soap and water. But germs can still enter the body through small cuts in the skin or through the mouth, eyes, and nose.
Once germs are inside your body, your immune(免疫的)system tries to protect you. It looks for and destroys germs. How does it do that? Special cells patrol your body. Some of these cells actually eat germs! Other cells make antibodies. An antibody sticks to a germ. There is a different antibody for each kind of germ. Some antibodies keep germs from making you sick. Others help your body find and kill germs. After a germ is destroyed, the antibodies stay in your body. They protect you if the same kind of germ comes back. That way you will not get the same illness twice.
You can keep your body healthy by eating a nutritious(有營養(yǎng)的)diet to make your immune system strong. You can also help your immune system fight germs by getting vaccinated(接種).Vaccines are medicines. They contain germs that have been killed or weakened. The dead germs can't make you sick. Instead, they cause your body to make antibodies.If the same germ ever shows up again, then your antibodies attack it.
16. Viruses can only live inside people or animals.
【參考答案】：B
17. All bacteria cause illnesses.
【參考答案】：B
18. Washing your skin can prevent some illnesses.
【參考答案】：A
19. Germs can enter the body through the eyes.
【參考答案】：A
20. The heart contains the body's strongest muscle.
【參考答案】：C
21. After they kill germs, antibodies stay in the body.
【參考答案】：A
22. Vaccines can make you sick.
【參考答案】：B
第三部分：概括大意和完成句子(第23~30題，每題1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2項測試任務：(1)第23~26題要求從所給的6個選項中為指定段落每段選擇1個小標題;(2)第27~30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定一個選項。
Alcoholism
1 Yes, alcoholism can be treated. Alcoholism treatment programs use both counseling and medication(藥物治療)to help a person stop drinking. Most alcoholics need help to recover from their disease. With support and treatment, many people are able to stop drinking and rebuild their lives.
2 A range of medication is used to treat alcoholism. Benzodiazepines(苯二氮平類藥物) are sometimes used during the first days after a person stops drinking to help him or her safely withdraw from alcohol. However, these medications are not used beyond the first few days because they may be highly addictive. Other medications help people remain sober(清醒).One medication used for this purpose is naltrexone(環(huán)丙甲羥二羥嗎啡酮). When combined with counseling, naltrexone can reduce the strong desire for alcohol and help prevent a person from returning to heavy drinking. Another medication, disulfiram (戒酒硫), discourages drinking by making the person feel sick if he or she drinks alcohol. Though several medications help treat alcoholism, there is no "magic bullet.“Developing new and more effective medications to treat alcoholism remains a high priority for researchers.
3 Alcoholism treatment works for many people. But just like any chronic disease, there are different levels of success in treatment. Some people stop drinking and remain sober. Others cannot stop drinking for any length of time. With treatment, one thing is clear, however, the longer a person stops drinking alcohol, the more likely he or she will be able to stay sober.
4 No, alcoholism cannot be cured at this time. Even if an alcoholic hasn't been drinking for a long time, he or she can still return to the drinking habit. To guard against it, an alcoholic must continue to avoid all alcoholic drinks.
23、paragraph 1_____F______
24、paragraph 2_____A______
25、paragraph 3_____D______
26、paragraph 4_____C______
A.What medications treat alcoholism?
B.What are drinking problems?
C.Can alcoholism be cured?
D.Does alcoholism treatment work?
E.what is alcoholism?
F.Can alcoholism be treated?
27、Medication can help some people __F____
28、Disulfiram can prevent drinking by making the alcoholic ___D____
29、For alcoholism treatment，there is no single medication that works ___E____
30、The key to cure alcoholism is to avoid all ___B____
A.stay confused
B.alcoholic drinks
C.medical treatment
D.feel sick
E.in every person
F.stop drinking
第一篇
Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering began when the DNA molecule(分子), the most basic unit of life, was first described in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick. An understanding of DNA led to the altering of normal cell reproduction. Experiments with altering human cells began in 1970. In one of the first experiments, patients were injected with a virus that would produce a life-saving enzyme, but their bodies would not accept it. In 1980 patients with a rare but fatal blood disease were injected with a purified gene that was cloned through DNA technology. Another failure.
Genetic engineering got a legal boost(激勵) in 1980. The U.S. Supreme Court said that a patent could be granted on a genetically engineered "oil-eating" bacterium(細菌). This bacterium would help clean up oil spills. The ruling encouraged companies to invent new life forms, and three important medical products were quickly developed.
l Human interferon(干擾素)-- a possible solution to some cancers and viral disease. A newly engineered bacterium produced human interferon as a by-product. This new product reduced the cost of interferon.
l Human growth hormone-- for children whose bodies do not grow to normal height. An expensive growth hormone(荷爾蒙) was previously produced from human cadavers, but by changing the genetic make-up of the single-cell bacterium E. coli, and affordable growth hormone could be produced.
l Human insulin(胰島素)-- for the treatment of diabetes. People with diabetes used to rely on a beef- or pork-based product until 1982. Now insulin can be manufactured by genetically altered bacteria.
Advances in genetic engineering have continued, though they constantly must be weighted against the safety of procedures. There is clearly much more to discover.
31. This passage is mainly about
A. the effects of altering cells.
B. the human growth hormone.
C. insulin resistance.
D. U.S. Supreme Court rulings.
【參考答案】：A
32. Genetic enginerring may be defined as
A. the altering of normal cell reproduction
B. a branch of applied chemistry.
C. a procedure that holds little promise.
D. a study on life-saving enzymes.
【參考答案】：A
33. According to the passage, human interferon
A. is a hormone that causes disease.
B. could be used to treat cancer.
C. is a viral disease
D. has been cured
【參考答案】：B
34. In this passage, the three genetically engineered medical products are presented
A. as a process.
B. in a simple list.
C. from earliest to latest.
D.as a story.
【參考答案】：B
35. In the last paragraph, the word "weighed" has the cloest meaning with
A. had great influence
B. became a burden.
C. considered carefully.
D. measured accurately.
【參考答案】：C
第二篇
Puerto Rican Cuisine(菜肴)
Puerto Rico, a Caribbean (加勒比海區(qū)) island rich in history and remarkable natural beauty, has a cuisine all its own. Immigration(移民) to the island has helped to shape its cuisine, with people from all over the world making various contributions to it. However, before the arrival of these immigrants, the Taino people lived on the island of Puerto Rico. Taino cuisine included such foods as rodents (嚙齒動物), fresh shellfish and fish fried in corn oil.
Many aspects of Taino cuisine continue today in Puerto Rican cooking, but it has been heavily influenced by the Spanish, who invaded Puerto Rico in 1508, and Africans, who were initially brought to Puerto Rico to work as slaves. Taino cooking styles were mixed with ideas brought by the Spanish and Africans to create new dishes. The Spanish extended food choices by bringing cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep to the island. Africans also added to the island's food culture by introducing powerful, contrasting tastes in dishes. In fact, much of the food Puerto Rico is now famous for - coffee, coconuts, and oranges - was actually imported by foreigners to the island.
A common assumption many people make about Puerto Rican food is that it is very spicy(辛辣的). lt's true that chili peppers are popular; aij caballero in particular is a very hot chili pepper that Puerto Ricans enjoy. However, milder(微辣的) tastes are popular too, such as sofrito. As the base of many Puerto Rican dishes, sofrito is a sauce made from chopped onions, green bell peppers, sweet chili peppers, and a handful of other spices. It is fried in oil and then added to other dishes.
36、who lived in Puerto Rico first
A.the Africans
B.the Spanish
C.the Americans
D.the Taino people
【參考答案】：D
37、In the first paragraph the word “it” refers to
A.immigration
B.Caribbean history
C.the island’s natural beauty
D.Puerto Rican cuisine
【參考答案】：D
38、what is the main idea of the second paragraph?
A.Taino dishes are important in Puerto Rican cooking
B.Food imported by foreigners isn’t really Puerto Rican
C.Puerto Rican cooking has many outside influences
D.African foods have probably had the most influence
【參考答案】：C
39、How is sofrito used?
A.It is eaten before meals
B.It is added to other dishes
C.It is used where foods are too spicy
D.It is eaten as a main dish
【參考答案】：B
40、 which of the following is NOT true?
A.softito is a type of extremely spicy food
B.Many people think Puerto Rican food is spicy
C.Puerto Rican cuisine uses a lot of chili peppers
D.Aij caballero is a type of chile pepper
【參考答案】：A
第三篇
Eat healthy
"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate club1!’’ Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often, it’s accompanied by an appeal： “Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!2" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites3. Instead of staying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.
According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story.4 Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.
Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University; told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began (o grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.
Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently, some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can’t afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.
It’s not that working class Americans don’t want to eat healthy. It’s just that, "after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal.5 They live frompaycheck to paycheck, happy to save a little money for next year’s Christmas presents.
41、Parents in the United States tend to ask their children
A.not to waste food at meals
B.to save food for tomorrow
C.to wash the dishes clean
D.not to eat too much at meals
【參考答案】：A
42、American restaurants serve large portions because Americans
A.have big bellies
B.value quantity
C.want enough nutrition
D.are mostly rich
【參考答案】：B
43、what happened in America in the 1970S?
A.The restaurants began to serve smaller portions
B.Health experts advised people to eat less
C.May American tried to get slim
D.the America waistline started to expand
【參考答案】：D
44、what does the survey indicate?
A.20 percent Americans want smaller portions
B.57 percent Americans earn $150.000 per year
C.Low-income American prefer large portions
D.23 percent Americans earn less than $25.000per year
【參考答案】：C
45、which of the following is NOT true of walking class Americans?
A.they live from paycheck to paycheck
B.they don’t have the habit of saving money
C.they work long hours
D.the want to be healthy eaters
【參考答案】：B
第5部分：補全短文(第46~50題，每題2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復文章面貌。
Forests for Cities
You are standing in a beautiful forest in Japan. The air is clean and smells like plants and flowers. There are 175 different kinds of trees, and 60 kinds of birds live here. ___C____ (46) You are downtown in the city of Nara, Japan, in Kasugayama Forest, the oldest urban forest in the world. It was started more than a thousand years ago, and today it's very popular with tourists and artists.
Cities around the world are working to protect their urban forests. Some urban forests are parks, and some are just streets with a lot of trees. But all urban forests have many good effects on the environment. ____D___ (47) They also stop the noise from heavy traffic. They even make the weather better because they make the air 3-5 degrees cooler, and they stop strong winds.
Urban forests also have many good effects on people. They make the city more beautiful. In a crowded area, they give people a place to relax and spend time in nature. ___B__(48)
In some countries, people are starting new urban forests. In England, there are now 1.3 million trees in an urban forest called Thames Chase, east of London. It was started in 1990, and it has grown very fast. Walking and bicycle clubs use the forest, and there are programs for children and artists.
__E__ (49)
Some older cities don't have space for a big urban forest, but planting trees on the streets makes the city better. Scientists found that commuters (通勤人員) feel more relaxed when they can see trees. Trees are even good for business. ___A____ (50) In the future, urban forests will become even more important as our cities grow bigger. In the megacities(超大城市) of tomorrow, people will need more green space to live a comfortable life. Planting trees today will make our lives better in the future.
A.People spend more time at shopping centers that have trees
B.In hot countries，urban forests are cool places for walking and other healthy exercises
C.But you are not in rural area
D.Trees take pollution out of the air
E.In 2033，it will have 5 million trees
F.It has many kinds of birds in the country
第6部分：完形填空(第52~65題，每題1分，共15分)
下面的短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個選項。
Going on a diet
A typical person needs about 1,800 calories per day to stay alive. These calories keep your heart 1_______and your lungs breathing. They keep your organs operating 2_______and, your brain running. They also keep your body warm. A person 3______weight because he or she consumes more calories per day than needed. The only way to lose fat is to 4______the number of calories that you consume per day. This is the basic 5______behind going on a diet.
Unfortunately，diets don't 6______for most people. They do lose weight but then go 7______ the diet and put it back. Building a sensible diet and exercise plan is the key to 8______ a consistent weight. You need to figure out how many calories you need in a day and how many you 9______ take in. The next step is to add ，exercise so that you can 10______the number of calories you can consume per day.
Exercise charts can show you how many calories different 11______of exercise can burn. Burning 250 or 500 calories per day can 12______a big difference. You can ride an exercise bike while you are watching TV or you can 13______ the stairs instead of the elevator. Find an exercise 14______. Exercise can be a lot easier if there is someone to talk to. It's a good idea to wear firm-fitting clothes if you are on a diet. 15______clothing acts as a reminder of what you are trying to accomplish.
51. ( ) A.jumping B.turning C.beating D.kicking 【參考答案】：C
52. ( ) A.quickly B.easily C.warmly D.properly 【參考答案】：D
53. ( ) A.gains B.brings C.takes D.carries 【參考答案】：A
54. ( ) A.double B.reduce C.fix D.remove 【參考答案】：B
55. ( ) A.pinciple B.from C.method D.kind 【參考答案】：A
56. ( ) A.work B.start C.change D.balance 【參考答案】：A
57. ( ) A.on B.after C.off D.for 【參考答案】：C
58. ( ) A.getting B.meeting C.supporting D.maintaining 【參考答案】：D
59. ( ) A.partly B.hopefully C.wisely D.actually 【參考答案】：D
60. ( ) A.contain B.cut C.raise D.grow 【參考答案】：C
61. ( ) A.ways B.factors C.functions D.forms 【參考答案】：D
62. ( ) A.have B.do C.make D.give 【參考答案】：C
63. ( ) A.set B.climb C.run D.repair 【參考答案】：B
64. ( ) A.partner B.colleague C.associate D.to 【參考答案】：A
65. ( ) A. Tight B. Loose C. Casual D. Formal 【參考答案】：A
