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歷年上海英語翻譯考試中級(jí)口譯英譯漢原文真題及參考答案

時(shí)間:2016-03-15 13:58:00   來源:無憂考網(wǎng)     [字體: ]
原文

  A majority of the world’s climate scientists have convinced themselves, and also a lot of laymen, some of whom have political power, that the Earth’s climate is changing; that the change, from humanity’s point of view, is for the worse; and that the cause is human activity, in the form of excessive emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide.

  A minority, though, are sceptical. Some think that recent data suggesting the Earth’s average temperature is rising are explained by natural variations in solar radiation, and that this trend may be coming to an end. Others argue that there is no conclusive evidence that modern temperatures are higher than they used to be.

  We believe that global warming is a serious threat, and that the world needs to take steps to try to avert it. That is the job of the politicians. But we do not believe that climate change is a certainty. There are no certainties in science. Prevailing theories must be constantly tested against evidence, and more evidence collected, and the theories tested again. That is the job of the scientists.

  參考答案

  世界上大部分氣候?qū)W家已經(jīng)使他們自己及許多普通民眾(包括一些政界人士)確信,地球的氣候正處于變化之中;對(duì)人類而言,這一變化正日趨嚴(yán)重;罪魁禍?zhǔn)资侨祟惢顒?dòng),其表現(xiàn)形式為過量排放二氧化碳之類的溫室氣體。

  但是,仍有一小部分人對(duì)此持懷疑態(tài)度。一些人表示,雖然近期的數(shù)據(jù)表明地球的平均氣溫正在升高,但其原因是太陽輻射的自然波動(dòng),這一趨勢(shì)可能臨近結(jié)束。另一些人認(rèn)為并沒有決定性證據(jù)表明近現(xiàn)代的地球溫度高于古代。

  我們認(rèn)為,全球變暖是人類面臨的嚴(yán)重威脅,世界各國需要采取措施,竭力避免這一問題。這是政治家的職責(zé)。但是我們也相信氣候變化并不是必然的?茖W(xué)無絕對(duì)。盛行的理論必須不斷得到實(shí)際證據(jù)的檢驗(yàn)。一旦搜集到了新的證據(jù),就需要進(jìn)行再次驗(yàn)證。這是科學(xué)家的任務(wù)。

  新東方解析

  本次中口英譯漢的文章節(jié)選自《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》(The Economist)網(wǎng)站2009年11月26日的文章A heated debate,屬于環(huán)保類題材,文字難度偏低。各段的考點(diǎn)毫無新意,都是在課上反復(fù)講解并訓(xùn)練過的技巧?忌鷳(yīng)該保證在這一篇上拿到高分。

  文章一共三段,難度相對(duì)較大的是第一段,整段是一句長句,其結(jié)構(gòu)非常清晰:A have convinced themselves and B that 1; that 2; and that 3.中文大意是A(氣候?qū)W家)使自己及B(普通民眾)確信三件事情。只要把整句結(jié)構(gòu)理順,之后只要“填空”即可。三件事情依次是:地球的氣候正處于變化之中;對(duì)人類而言,這一變化正日趨嚴(yán)重;罪魁禍?zhǔn)资侨祟惢顒?dòng),其表現(xiàn)形式為過量排放二氧化碳之類的溫室氣體。

  第二段是第一段的對(duì)照,主要講述另一部分人的觀點(diǎn)。第一句話(A minority, though, are sceptical.)中minority呼應(yīng)了第一段中的majority,其中的though作插于語使用表轉(zhuǎn)折功能,這一考點(diǎn)在中口以前的英譯漢文章里考過。之后段落繼續(xù)分出兩條支線,細(xì)述兩部分反對(duì)者的觀點(diǎn)。句法層面沒有難點(diǎn),詞匯層面注意單詞explain。在中口的課上反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)過上下文定詞義,同學(xué)不要一看到explain就翻成“解釋”,而是需要根據(jù)具體的語境選擇精致的釋義。在這里,A are explained by B直譯為A能夠被B解釋略帶翻譯腔,其實(shí)這一結(jié)構(gòu)只是表示原因,所以還不如譯為更為簡潔的“因?yàn)椤薄?/p>

  第三段給出了作者自己的觀點(diǎn),主要是對(duì)政治家和科學(xué)家分別提出了期望。比較重要的一句是倒數(shù)第二句,其中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)需要處理到位。英語多被動(dòng),漢語多主動(dòng),這一英漢差異需要在翻譯中進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)化。theories must be constantly tested against evidence可以翻成理論必須得到證據(jù)的檢驗(yàn),也可以添加泛指性主語“我們”翻成我們需要用證據(jù)對(duì)理論進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。