第6課 體育精神

First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
How does the writer describe sport at the international level?
筆者是如何描述國(guó)際體育比賽的？
I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.
當(dāng)我聽人們說(shuō)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)可創(chuàng)造國(guó)家之間的友誼，還說(shuō)各國(guó)民眾若在足球場(chǎng)或板球場(chǎng)上交鋒，就不愿在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上殘殺的時(shí)候，我總是驚愕不已。
Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.
一個(gè)人即使不能從具體的事例（例如1936年的奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)）了解到國(guó)際運(yùn)動(dòng)比賽會(huì)導(dǎo)致瘋狂的仇恨，也可以從常理中推斷出結(jié)論。
Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive.
現(xiàn)在開展的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)幾乎都是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的。
You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win.
參加比賽就是為了取勝。如果不拚命去贏，比賽就沒有什么意義了。
On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused.
在鄉(xiāng)間的草坪上，當(dāng)你隨意組成兩個(gè)隊(duì)，并且不涉及任何地方情緒時(shí)，那才可能是單純的為了娛樂和鍛煉而進(jìn)行比賽�？墒且涣可婕暗綐s譽(yù)問題，一旦你想到你和某一團(tuán)體會(huì)因?yàn)槟爿敹鴣G臉時(shí)，那么野蠻的爭(zhēng)斗天性便會(huì)激發(fā)起來(lái)。
Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this.
即使是僅僅參加過(guò)學(xué)校足球賽的人也有種體會(huì)。
At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare.
在國(guó)際比賽中，體育簡(jiǎn)直是一場(chǎng)模擬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。
But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators:
但是，要緊的還不是運(yùn)動(dòng)員的行為，而是觀眾的態(tài)度，
and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests,
以及觀眾身后各個(gè)國(guó)家的態(tài)度。面對(duì)著這些荒唐的比賽，參賽的各個(gè)國(guó)家會(huì)如癡如狂，
and seriously believe -- at any rate for short periods -- that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.
甚至煞有介事地相信 -- 至少在短期內(nèi)如此 -- 跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是對(duì)一個(gè)民族品德素質(zhì)的檢驗(yàn)。