第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分) A Have you ever done something that was really dangerous just because you thought it was safe? Maybe you did a dangerous trick (雜耍動作) on your bicycle or skateboard because you were wearing a helmet (頭盔) and thought you couldn't get hurt. The psychology (心理) of this sort of behavior is called the Peltzman Effect, named after Sam Peltzman, professor of economics at the University of Chicago. Peltzman believes that those moments when people think they are the safest are the times when they act most dangerously. Peltzman said that people drove more dangerously when they wore seat belts (安全帶). Driving a large four-wheel drive vehicle has a similar effect on drivers' behavior. Because drivers of large vehicles sit up higher and can see better, they feel they can make better judgments when they drive. They are better protected in accidents, so they act more dangerously. This makes driving more hazardous to other drivers. The Peltzman Effect isn't just limited ( 限于) to driving. In 1972, the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) passed a law requiring child safety caps on most medicine bottles. The safety caps were designed to prevent children from accidentally taking the medicine, especially painkillers such as aspirin. Requiring safety caps sounded like a great idea, but there was an unexpected side effect. Because the safety caps are so hard to take off, some people leave them off altogether. Worse, some parents leave the bottles where kids can reach them because they feel that it is safe because of the cap. A study on the Peltzman Effect showed that more than 3,500 children have been harmed by aspirin because of the safety caps. The Peltzman Effect describes how we' re likely to take more risks and act more dangerously when we feel safest. What's more, the effects of these behaviors can be quite different from what we expect. 1. What is the Peltzman Effect? A. People feel safest when they are under protection. B. People behave less safely when they feel safe. C. People who act dangerously are likely to be together. D. Something that seems dangerous turns out to be safe. 2. What does the underlined word "hazardous" in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Expensive. B. Interesting. C. Important. D. Dangerous. 3. Why do some people leave the safety caps of medicine bottles open? A. The caps can' t be opened easily. B. The caps don' t work at all. C. The bottles without caps are less attractive to kids. D. The bottles are out of the reach of children. 4. What would be the best title for the text? A. Types of Decision Making B. Unsafe Safety Measures C. Different Behaviors of People in Danger D. People' s Fear of Taking Risks B I had dressed quite nicely for my first day as a student at St. Anne's College of Further Education. In celebration of this new beginning, I had changed my unusual clothes to formal clothing. Like many young people my age, I was under the impression that the best way to show your personality was by wearing the kind of clothing that my mother considered was not fit to be seen in public. But for my first day as a student I had made an effort to look what my mother called ‘respectable’. There were fifteen of us, sitting in the theatre hall, while the head of the drama department, Mr Wilson, gave us a warm welcoming speech. To my horror (恐懼), he then invited us to say why we had decided to do a drama course. I had no idea what I would say. The truth was that although I had a taste for unusual clothing, I was painfully shy. My worry grew as it came closer to my turn. One by one, the new students excitedly explained their reasons. Then it was the turn of a girl who I hadn't really noticed until that moment because I was too busy thinking about what I would say. ‘My name’s Tracy and I'm from Blackburn’, she said, and then added no further information. Everyone smiled politely in silence but I was impressed at her bravery in saying almost nothing even under pressure (壓力). I relaxed, knowing that you could get away with saying so little about yourself. It gave me confidence. After Mr Wilson at long last let us out of the hall to go to lunch, I managed to find the courage to go up to Tracy. She looked very unfriendly. Taking a deep breath, I introduced myself. To my surprise, she looked up at me and gave me a very bright, sweet smile. That was twenty-seven years ago, and although we never did become famous stars, we're still best friends. 5. Why did the author change her appearance for her first day at college? A. She was under pressure from her mother. B. She wanted to fit in with the other students. C. She felt a need to dress properly. D. She wanted to look like a great star. 6. According to Paragraph 3, the author . A. was not as active as she might have seemed B. hated the head of her department C. was unsure of her reasons for wanting to do the course D. was afraid that she would find the course too hard 7. The author was nervous because . A. she had never spoken in public B. it was her turn to start first C. she didn't know what to talk about D. the other students were so excited 8. What does the underlined word "It" in Paragraph 5 refer to? A. Tracy also seemed extremely worried. B. All attention was on Tracy. C. The other students reacted politely to Tracy. D. Tracy hadn't said very much.C This month, my 7-year-old daughter invited her friend to sleep over. Her mom, who had told me before she did not allow sleepovers, explained that she did not think the kids were ready for a sleepover until the age of 10. I then started to wonder whether there actually was a "right" age for a sleepover. I remember the first real sleepover I ever had. It happened when I was about 13 and a friend of mine invited me to sleep at her house. Luckily for me, her parents were not strangers. I think I cried for 2 months straight before being allowed my first sleepover. My parents were not completely heartless, though. I was actually sick at the time and had to take medication and they were very concerned about that, but I still did not like them saying "no". I remember my excitement the day before I finally got my sleepover. I could not sleep that night from the excitement. When I got there, my friend' s house looked so beautiful and her parents were so nice and welcoming. Unfortunately though, the number of sleepovers I had throughout my childhood can be counted on two hands. And after every one of them, I realized exactly how much I was missing. It was only as an adult, when I was studying education, that I actually learned about the importance of sleepovers in kids' development no matter how old they are. A sleepover is one of those things every child needs to experience on their own. It can do them a lot of good. 9. The friend of the author' s daughter __ A. is less than ten years old B. is too sick to sleep over C. has grown tired of sleepovers D. never listens to her mother 10. How was the author' s first sleepover? A. She can' t remember it. B. It was really boring. C. She thinks it was enjoyable. D. It was a painful experience. 11. The author writes the text mainly to __ A. discuss how strict parents should be B. explain what kids' development is C. ask parents to keep an eye on their children D. encourage children to have sleepovers D In the summer of 2014, about 17 million people posted videos of themselves dumping (傾倒) ice water over their heads. Even many famous people, including singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, basketball player LeBron James, and former U.S. President George W. Bush, took part. Why did they do such a strange thing? Those in the Ice Bucket Challenge all helped raise awareness (意識) and money to fight amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a deadly disease. It is also known as Lou Gehrig' s disease, after a famous baseball player who had it. It destroys neurons (nerve cells) that control muscle (肌肉) movement. Each year, about 5,600 people in the U.S. are diagnosed (診斷) with ALS. The disease leads to the inability to move. Many people die two to five years after learning they have it. Right now, there's no right treatment for ALS. But the Ice Bucket Challenge may help lead to one. "Before the Ice Bucket Challenge, few people knew about this terrible disease," Jonathan Ling said. He is one of the scientists at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland. His team was unable to complete its research without the money raised through the Ice Bucket Challenge, Ling says. Through their research, Ling and his team discovered that a protein (蛋白質(zhì) ) is damaged in most ALS patients. The scientists also found that nerve cells with these damaged proteins die quickly. But when the scientists put a new protein that acted like the damaged one into the nerve cells, the neurons came back to life! Thanks to the team' s research, experts believe they may be one step closer to a treatment that slows down or even stops ALS. Still, more research needs to be done, Ling admits. With that in mind, the ALS Association is promising that the Ice Bucket Challenge will continue every August until a good treatment is found. 12. What can we learn about ALS? A. No one knows how to treat the disease. B. It is also named after a singer. C. People will die a few days after they have it. D. It can make people lose the ability to hear. 13. What might be Ling's attitude to the Ice Bucket Challenge? A. Worried. B. Doubtful. C. Uninterested. D. Thankful. 14. According to the text, Ling' s team __ A. knows little about ALS B. is now short of money C. has made some progress D. needs more researchers 15. What would be the best title for the text? A. How the Ice Bucket Challenge started B. The Ice Bucket Challenge and ALS C. Jonathan Ling, great ALS researcher D. Some little-known facts about ALS第二節(jié) (共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分) 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的選項.選項中有兩項為多余選項. In a national spelling contest in America, an 11-year-old girl was asked to spell a certain word. But with her soft voice the judges were not sure if she spelled the word with the letter A or E. 16 By now, the girl knew she had misspelled the word. But instead of lying and telling the judges she had said the correct letter, she told the truth that she had said the wrong letter. 17 As the girl walked off the stage, the entire audience stood on their feet clapping to applaud her honesty. Later, dozens of newspaper reporters wrote about this 11-year-old girl's courage and honesty, even when it cost her the contest. 18 Probably the biggest test of our character and honesty is what we would do if we knew we would never get caught. This young girl could easily have lied, and nobody would have known it but her. But that's just it: She would know she did wrong. 19 This young girl was strong and smart enough to prize her own conscience and character more than the prize from a spelling contest. Her respect for herself was more important than any respect others might give her for winning a contest. She knew she would have to live with herself and the choice she made at the moment. 20 . A. As a result, she lost the contest. B. she won the contest. C. It's been said, "If you cheat, you make yourself cheap." D. The judges wanted to give her another chance. E. They talked it over and finally decided to simply ask her what she had said. F. It's so true that the choices you make today make what you are tomorrow. G. But the fact is that she won the biggest contest that day: the contest of her character. 第二部分 語言知識運用 第一節(jié)：完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿分30分) 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D中，選出可以填入空白處的選項。 I had always wanted to go on a high mountain walk. There are some good long-distance walks in the UK, but there aren't any really 21 mountains. Before leaving, I 22 my clothes, equipment, and the weather forecast. I 23 read a couple of books and looked at some photos and travel blogs on the Internet. This was fine, but you can' t 24 them with the real thing! A lot of incredible things happened during the 25 . Perhaps the best was the complete 26 from city life. While I was 27 , there were no cars, no noise, no rush. The 28 was of course very impressive: valleys (峽谷), mountain lakes, and there were plants and wildlife that you 29 see on TV. And I 30 so many interesting people along the way, from Europe, Canada, and Japan. When I arrived at my accommodation, I made new 31 . They told me where they' d been; I told them where I was going; we exchanged stories and advice. It was just 32 ! But of course there were 33 . There always are. In this case, the weather. High mountains 34 that the weather can change very quickly. We even had snowstorms in July! When your clothes get very wet, it isn't 35 to dry them, so you' re 36 the next day. And climbing mountains is hard on your knees, too. And there' s always the 37 of falling on the paths, where not even a mobile phone can 38 you very much. For me, however, the whole walk was a special 39 that I' 11 always remember. 40 I did the trip again, there' s just one other thing I would do differently: lots of physical training before the walk! 21. A. beautiful B. high C. distant D. rocky 22. A. required B. provided C. checked D. needed 23. A. jus B. t also C. once D. soon 24. A. put B. discuss C. bring D. compare 25. A. trip B. task C. planning D. summer 26. A. treatment B. patience C. story D. change 27. A. walking B. riding C. sleeping D. running 28. A. wildlife B. sky C. scenery D. collection 29. A. later B. again C. even D. only 30. A. listed B. met C. recognized D. expected 31. A. friends B. visits C. preparations D. choices 32. A. popular B. amazing C. strange D. tiring 33. A. promises B chances. C. problems D. disagreements 34. A. mean B. show C. decide D. seem 35. A. necessary B. useful C. good D. easy 36.. A. dangerous B. unlucky C. uncomfortable D. stupid 37. A. truth B. risk C. courage D. fun 38. A. prevent B. control C. give D. help 39. A. experience B. training C. interest D. offer 40. A. Unless B. Although C. If D. As 第II卷(滿分50分) 第二部分：英語知識運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分) 第二節(jié)(共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分) 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(一個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 In order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are necessary. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear 41 spoken. Secondly, we must be able to speak it correctly with confidence and without hesitation. 42 , we must be able to read the language, and fourthly, we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are grammatically correct. There is no easy way to success 43 language learning. 44 good memory is of great help, but it is not enough only 45 (memorize) rules from a grammar book. It is not much use learning by heart long list of words and 46 meaning, studying the dictionary and so on. We must learn by using the language. 47 we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. “Learn through use” is a good piece of 48 (advise) for those 49 are studying a new language. Practice is important. We must practise speaking and 50 (write) the language whenever we can.