高二英語(yǔ)必修四知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理
必修四
第1單元
重點(diǎn)詞匯
1.achieve 獲得；實(shí)現(xiàn)；達(dá)到預(yù)期的目的
achieve an aim / goal達(dá)到目標(biāo)
achieve success 獲得成功
辨析：achieve，reach，gain
achieve著重表示達(dá)到一定目的的過(guò)程中所需要的技能，耐性和努力。 reach指達(dá)到任何目標(biāo)、目的或指達(dá)到發(fā)展過(guò)程中的某個(gè)階段。
gain強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過(guò)奮斗才達(dá)到所期望的目標(biāo)、優(yōu)勢(shì)或者有利地位。
*He hopes to achieve all his aims soon
*You can achieve your ambition if you work hard.
*If you do one thing each day, you will reach your goal.
*But the determination to reach this goal carried me and my partners through the difficult times.
*This should help you gain trust.
*We can gain some insight from that.
achievement n.[c]成就，功績(jī)
*He received the Nobel Prize for his scientific achievements.
*Flying across the Atlantic for the first time was a great achievement.
2.condition
表示“條件”，condition為單數(shù)時(shí)，表示人/物所處的“狀態(tài)”；conditions（復(fù)數(shù)）指一般情況，環(huán)境。
*I starve for your help in such a condition.
*You worry about her condition.
*I suggested he should adapt himself to his new conditions.
*We should make decisions in accordance with specific conditions. 與condition相關(guān)的詞組：
in good/poor condition 狀況好/不好
out of condition 狀況不好
on condition that 在……條件下，假使
on no condition 決不
3.connection 連接，關(guān)系
in connection with 與……有關(guān)
* Police said later that they'd arrested one person in connection with the shootings.
4.behave 舉止，舉動(dòng)，行為表現(xiàn)
behave oneself 表現(xiàn)良好，行為良好
* Honesty is the foundation to behave oneself and start one's career. behave as 起……作用，表現(xiàn)為……
* Others are finding that black holes might not behave as we thought.
5.worthwhile 值得做的，值得出力的
It is worthwhile doing/to do sth
*It is worthwhile buying the dictionary.*It is worthwhile to discuss the plan again.
辨析：Worth、worthy、worthwhile
（1）worth 通常只用作表語(yǔ)，不用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)； worthy 和 worthwhile 可用作表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。
*It isn’t worth the trouble.
*He is a worthy gentleman.
*His behavior is worthy of great praise.
*They achieved a very worthwhile result.
*We had a long wait， but it was worthwhile because we got the tickets.
（2）worth 習(xí)慣上不用 very 修飾（要表示類似意思可用 well），而 worthy 和 worthwhile 則可以用副詞 very 修飾。
*That is very worthy of our attention.
*Nursing is a very worthwhile career.
但習(xí)慣上不說(shuō)：The work is very worth doing. （very 應(yīng)改為 well）
（3）搭配習(xí)慣不同
be worth + n./doing
*The picture is worth $500.
*The clock is hardly worth repairing. (主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng))
be worthy of + n./doing
Be worthy to do sth
*Their efforts are worthy of your support.
*This suggestion is worthy of being considered.*This suggestion is worthy to be considered.
Be worthwhile doing/to do sth
6.respect
作動(dòng)詞，后直接跟賓語(yǔ)。
*I want him to respect me as a career woman.
作名詞，表示“尊重，尊敬”。
*If you have respect for someone, you have a good opinion of them. 表示“敬意，問(wèn)候”時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)形式，常與give，send，pay連用。
*Carl had asked him to visit the hospital and to pay his respects to Francis.
與respect相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)：
respect oneself 自重，自尊
have/show respect for 對(duì)……尊重/尊敬
have respect to 注意，考慮
in respect of sth 就某方面而言。
with respect to 涉及，關(guān)于。
7.argue 爭(zhēng)論，辯論
argue with sb（about/for…） （為/關(guān)于……）和某人辯論
*If one person argues with another, they speak angrily to each other about something that they disagree about.
*Don't argue with me.
argue for/against… 辯論贊成……/反對(duì)……*If you argue for something, you say why you agree with it, in order to
persuade people that it is right.
*If you argue against something, you say why you disagree with it, in order
to persuade people that it is wrong
與argue相關(guān)的詞組：
argue back 反駁
argue sb into/out of doing sth 說(shuō)服某人做/不做某事
8.inspire 鼓舞，激發(fā)
inspire sb（to do sth） 賦予某人靈感，啟迪
*His spirit will carry on, and it will inspire all of us to achieve more.
inspire sb（with sth）/inspire sth in sb 激勵(lì)/鼓勵(lì)某人的……
*A sincere compliment can inspire someone with courage.
Inspired：有創(chuàng)造力的，有雄心壯志的，受靈感啟示的
Inspiring：鼓舞人心的，使人感興趣的
9.support 支撐，扶持，養(yǎng)活 作可數(shù)名詞，表示“支撐物，支持的人/物，贍養(yǎng)者，贊助金”。
作不可數(shù)名詞，表示“支持，養(yǎng)家，贍養(yǎng)”。
與support相關(guān)的詞組：
come to one’s support 來(lái)支持某人
in support 后備的，準(zhǔn)備給予支援的
in support of 支持，證明
10.look down on/upon 蔑視，瞧不起近義：look one’s nose at……
*I wasn't successful, so they looked down on me.
與look有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)：
look for尋找，期待
look forward to doing盼望做某事
look on…as把……看作
look out朝外看，當(dāng)心，注意，查出
look through瀏覽，仔細(xì)查看，審核
look up查看，抬頭看
look after照顧
look back on/to sth 追思，回顧
look in（on sb）順便訪問(wèn)
look into sth調(diào)查
look over sth 檢閱，檢查
look to注意
look sb up and down上下打量某人
11.explain
作及物動(dòng)詞，表示“解釋，說(shuō)明”，常接名詞，代詞，從句作賓語(yǔ)。 *How do you explain this phenomenon.
*I didn't quite follow;could you explain it again?
*I want to explain what happened.
若表示“向某人解釋某事”，應(yīng)說(shuō)explain sth to sb或explain to sb sth。*If he were here I could explain to him myself.
*Need I explain it to/for you?
explain oneself 為自己的行為辯解
12.strike
表示“打，擊，敲”。
*The clock struck nine.
表示“通過(guò)摩擦產(chǎn)生（火花，光亮）。
*The little girl strikes a match.
表示“打動(dòng)，引起，迷住，罷工”。
*They shouldn't be striking for more money.
表示“打”時(shí)，常套用在“動(dòng)詞+sb+介詞+the+表示身體某一部位的名詞”句型中。
*He strike me in my face.
與strike相關(guān)的詞組：
strike to向……打去。
strike for/against為爭(zhēng)取/反對(duì)……而罷工。
srike sb down把某人打到，使某人喪命。
strike on sth意為獲得/發(fā)現(xiàn)某事。
strike home擊中要害。
13.consideration 考慮，體諒
take sth into consideration 考慮某事，體諒某事
leave sth out of consideration 忽略某事，不重視某事in consideration of sth 作為對(duì)……的回報(bào)，考慮到
*In consideration of your extensive experience in the field， we are glad to appoint you as our agent.
*Safe driving is good driving because it takes into consideration the lives of other people.
*Taking everything into consideration,the event was a great success.
14.deliver 遞送，釋放，發(fā)表（演說(shuō)）
deliver a baby 接生
deliver on sth 不負(fù)重望，履行諾言
*Although we'd planned to have our baby at home, we never expected to deliver her ourselves!
*You expect me to deliver on my promises, and my performance should be measured.
15.devote
devote…to(doing) sth. 獻(xiàn)身于……，to是介詞
*How many hours a month do you and your team devote to the project? *How many hours a month do you and your team devote to preparing the project?
Be devoted to 專心致志于
*I am devoted to my homework.
devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于，致力于，專心于
*She devoted herself to her career.形容詞devoted表示“忠實(shí)的，熱愛(ài)的，全心全意的”。
be devoted to sb/sth 對(duì)某人/某物忠實(shí)（熱愛(ài)，全心全意） *They are devoted to their children.
Useful expressions
human beings 人類
move off 離開(kāi)，啟程，出發(fā)
lead a…life 過(guò)著……的生活
crowd in 涌上心頭，涌入腦海
look down on/ upon 蔑視，瞧不起
refer to 查閱，參考，談到 (其中，to為介詞)
by chance 碰巧，湊巧
come across 偶遇，碰見(jiàn)
carry on 繼續(xù)，堅(jiān)持
carry out 實(shí)行，執(zhí)行，完成
be dressed in 穿著…
dress as 打扮成…
fight for 為….而戰(zhàn)
fight against 與…戰(zhàn)斗
put to death判死刑
concern oneself with…關(guān)注… 注意…
intend to do sth./ doing sth. 打算做某事in the shade of 在…的樹(shù)蔭下，在…的庇護(hù)下 gain doctor’s degree 獲得博士學(xué)位 be considered as 被看做….
take turns to do sth 采取步驟做某事 do research on… 做…方面的研究
mean to do 打算做某事
mean doing 意味著
by now 直到現(xiàn)在
必修四
第1單元
重點(diǎn)詞匯
1.achieve 獲得；實(shí)現(xiàn)；達(dá)到預(yù)期的目的
achieve an aim / goal達(dá)到目標(biāo)
achieve success 獲得成功
辨析：achieve，reach，gain
achieve著重表示達(dá)到一定目的的過(guò)程中所需要的技能，耐性和努力。 reach指達(dá)到任何目標(biāo)、目的或指達(dá)到發(fā)展過(guò)程中的某個(gè)階段。
gain強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過(guò)奮斗才達(dá)到所期望的目標(biāo)、優(yōu)勢(shì)或者有利地位。
*He hopes to achieve all his aims soon
*You can achieve your ambition if you work hard.
*If you do one thing each day, you will reach your goal.
*But the determination to reach this goal carried me and my partners through the difficult times.
*This should help you gain trust.
*We can gain some insight from that.
achievement n.[c]成就，功績(jī)
*He received the Nobel Prize for his scientific achievements.
*Flying across the Atlantic for the first time was a great achievement.
2.condition
表示“條件”，condition為單數(shù)時(shí)，表示人/物所處的“狀態(tài)”；conditions（復(fù)數(shù)）指一般情況，環(huán)境。
*I starve for your help in such a condition.
*You worry about her condition.
*I suggested he should adapt himself to his new conditions.
*We should make decisions in accordance with specific conditions. 與condition相關(guān)的詞組：
in good/poor condition 狀況好/不好
out of condition 狀況不好
on condition that 在……條件下，假使
on no condition 決不
3.connection 連接，關(guān)系
in connection with 與……有關(guān)
* Police said later that they'd arrested one person in connection with the shootings.
4.behave 舉止，舉動(dòng)，行為表現(xiàn)
behave oneself 表現(xiàn)良好，行為良好
* Honesty is the foundation to behave oneself and start one's career. behave as 起……作用，表現(xiàn)為……
* Others are finding that black holes might not behave as we thought.
5.worthwhile 值得做的，值得出力的
It is worthwhile doing/to do sth
*It is worthwhile buying the dictionary.*It is worthwhile to discuss the plan again.
辨析：Worth、worthy、worthwhile
（1）worth 通常只用作表語(yǔ)，不用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)； worthy 和 worthwhile 可用作表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。
*It isn’t worth the trouble.
*He is a worthy gentleman.
*His behavior is worthy of great praise.
*They achieved a very worthwhile result.
*We had a long wait， but it was worthwhile because we got the tickets.
（2）worth 習(xí)慣上不用 very 修飾（要表示類似意思可用 well），而 worthy 和 worthwhile 則可以用副詞 very 修飾。
*That is very worthy of our attention.
*Nursing is a very worthwhile career.
但習(xí)慣上不說(shuō)：The work is very worth doing. （very 應(yīng)改為 well）
（3）搭配習(xí)慣不同
be worth + n./doing
*The picture is worth $500.
*The clock is hardly worth repairing. (主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng))
be worthy of + n./doing
Be worthy to do sth
*Their efforts are worthy of your support.
*This suggestion is worthy of being considered.*This suggestion is worthy to be considered.
Be worthwhile doing/to do sth
6.respect
作動(dòng)詞，后直接跟賓語(yǔ)。
*I want him to respect me as a career woman.
作名詞，表示“尊重，尊敬”。
*If you have respect for someone, you have a good opinion of them. 表示“敬意，問(wèn)候”時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)形式，常與give，send，pay連用。
*Carl had asked him to visit the hospital and to pay his respects to Francis.
與respect相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)：
respect oneself 自重，自尊
have/show respect for 對(duì)……尊重/尊敬
have respect to 注意，考慮
in respect of sth 就某方面而言。
with respect to 涉及，關(guān)于。
7.argue 爭(zhēng)論，辯論
argue with sb（about/for…） （為/關(guān)于……）和某人辯論
*If one person argues with another, they speak angrily to each other about something that they disagree about.
*Don't argue with me.
argue for/against… 辯論贊成……/反對(duì)……*If you argue for something, you say why you agree with it, in order to
persuade people that it is right.
*If you argue against something, you say why you disagree with it, in order
to persuade people that it is wrong
與argue相關(guān)的詞組：
argue back 反駁
argue sb into/out of doing sth 說(shuō)服某人做/不做某事
8.inspire 鼓舞，激發(fā)
inspire sb（to do sth） 賦予某人靈感，啟迪
*His spirit will carry on, and it will inspire all of us to achieve more.
inspire sb（with sth）/inspire sth in sb 激勵(lì)/鼓勵(lì)某人的……
*A sincere compliment can inspire someone with courage.
Inspired：有創(chuàng)造力的，有雄心壯志的，受靈感啟示的
Inspiring：鼓舞人心的，使人感興趣的
9.support 支撐，扶持，養(yǎng)活 作可數(shù)名詞，表示“支撐物，支持的人/物，贍養(yǎng)者，贊助金”。
作不可數(shù)名詞，表示“支持，養(yǎng)家，贍養(yǎng)”。
與support相關(guān)的詞組：
come to one’s support 來(lái)支持某人
in support 后備的，準(zhǔn)備給予支援的
in support of 支持，證明
10.look down on/upon 蔑視，瞧不起近義：look one’s nose at……
*I wasn't successful, so they looked down on me.
與look有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)：
look for尋找，期待
look forward to doing盼望做某事
look on…as把……看作
look out朝外看，當(dāng)心，注意，查出
look through瀏覽，仔細(xì)查看，審核
look up查看，抬頭看
look after照顧
look back on/to sth 追思，回顧
look in（on sb）順便訪問(wèn)
look into sth調(diào)查
look over sth 檢閱，檢查
look to注意
look sb up and down上下打量某人
11.explain
作及物動(dòng)詞，表示“解釋，說(shuō)明”，常接名詞，代詞，從句作賓語(yǔ)。 *How do you explain this phenomenon.
*I didn't quite follow;could you explain it again?
*I want to explain what happened.
若表示“向某人解釋某事”，應(yīng)說(shuō)explain sth to sb或explain to sb sth。*If he were here I could explain to him myself.
*Need I explain it to/for you?
explain oneself 為自己的行為辯解
12.strike
表示“打，擊，敲”。
*The clock struck nine.
表示“通過(guò)摩擦產(chǎn)生（火花，光亮）。
*The little girl strikes a match.
表示“打動(dòng)，引起，迷住，罷工”。
*They shouldn't be striking for more money.
表示“打”時(shí)，常套用在“動(dòng)詞+sb+介詞+the+表示身體某一部位的名詞”句型中。
*He strike me in my face.
與strike相關(guān)的詞組：
strike to向……打去。
strike for/against為爭(zhēng)取/反對(duì)……而罷工。
srike sb down把某人打到，使某人喪命。
strike on sth意為獲得/發(fā)現(xiàn)某事。
strike home擊中要害。
13.consideration 考慮，體諒
take sth into consideration 考慮某事，體諒某事
leave sth out of consideration 忽略某事，不重視某事in consideration of sth 作為對(duì)……的回報(bào)，考慮到
*In consideration of your extensive experience in the field， we are glad to appoint you as our agent.
*Safe driving is good driving because it takes into consideration the lives of other people.
*Taking everything into consideration,the event was a great success.
14.deliver 遞送，釋放，發(fā)表（演說(shuō)）
deliver a baby 接生
deliver on sth 不負(fù)重望，履行諾言
*Although we'd planned to have our baby at home, we never expected to deliver her ourselves!
*You expect me to deliver on my promises, and my performance should be measured.
15.devote
devote…to(doing) sth. 獻(xiàn)身于……，to是介詞
*How many hours a month do you and your team devote to the project? *How many hours a month do you and your team devote to preparing the project?
Be devoted to 專心致志于
*I am devoted to my homework.
devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于，致力于，專心于
*She devoted herself to her career.形容詞devoted表示“忠實(shí)的，熱愛(ài)的，全心全意的”。
be devoted to sb/sth 對(duì)某人/某物忠實(shí)（熱愛(ài)，全心全意） *They are devoted to their children.
Useful expressions
human beings 人類
move off 離開(kāi)，啟程，出發(fā)
lead a…life 過(guò)著……的生活
crowd in 涌上心頭，涌入腦海
look down on/ upon 蔑視，瞧不起
refer to 查閱，參考，談到 (其中，to為介詞)
by chance 碰巧，湊巧
come across 偶遇，碰見(jiàn)
carry on 繼續(xù)，堅(jiān)持
carry out 實(shí)行，執(zhí)行，完成
be dressed in 穿著…
dress as 打扮成…
fight for 為….而戰(zhàn)
fight against 與…戰(zhàn)斗
put to death判死刑
concern oneself with…關(guān)注… 注意…
intend to do sth./ doing sth. 打算做某事in the shade of 在…的樹(shù)蔭下，在…的庇護(hù)下 gain doctor’s degree 獲得博士學(xué)位 be considered as 被看做….
take turns to do sth 采取步驟做某事 do research on… 做…方面的研究
mean to do 打算做某事
mean doing 意味著
by now 直到現(xiàn)在
