Beyond the Pap(巴氏試驗(yàn)以外)
　　Para 1 Scientists (第一題：文章確實(shí)談到了科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了引起宮頸癌的原因，但是文章并沒(méi)有提到是美國(guó)科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)的，所以第一題選擇“C：Not Mentioned”。)have known for some time that virtually all cases of cervical cancer are triggered (由…引起)by a family of (一組病毒)viruses called human papillomavirus(*狀瘤病毒)，or HPV. Most women who become infected with(感染這種病毒) HPV are able to shake off the virus (擺脫這種病毒)and suffer no apparent long-term consequences to their health(不會(huì)對(duì)身體造成長(zhǎng)期、明顯的負(fù)面影響). But a few women develop a persistent infection (持續(xù)感染)that can，for reasons that are not entirely clear，eventually lead to cancerous changes in the cervix. (但是。一些婦女會(huì)引發(fā)持續(xù)感染，最終導(dǎo)致子宮頸癌變。從此可以判斷：第二題，選擇“A：Right”)
　　Para 2 Now researchers at the Digene Corp.of Beltsville，Maryland ，have developed a test (研發(fā)出新的檢測(cè)方式) that detects an active HPV infection by looking for its genetic byproducts in the vagina. The HPV test was better than the standard Pap test at finding cervical cancer at any stage(第三題：)，according to two studies published this month in the Journal of the American Medical Association. So far，so good. Unfortunately，the test's false-positive rate —— how often it indicated that there was a problem when none existed —— was almost twice as high as that for the pap smear. In these cases，a biopsy Of the woman's cervix showed no sign of disease. (第三題：該檢驗(yàn)的假陽(yáng)性率幾乎是巴氏涂片假陽(yáng)性率的兩倍。)
　　Para 3 And that's the crux of the problem. How many women should undergo what is，when it comes right down to it，unnecessary treatment to find a few more cases of cervical cancer? Shouldn't health officials focus instead on making sure that more women undergo regular Pap-smear examinations? After all，Pap smears，though far from perfect，have helped dramatically lower the death toll from cervical cancer，taking it from the No.1 cause of death due to cancer in American women to the 10th. (第四題和第五題：)
　　Para 4 Complicating matters is the fact that HPV is a very common infection. In some parts of the US as many as half of all women under age 35 have an active case. Yet 99 out of 100 women who are HPV -positive will never get cervical cancer， estimates Dr. Joanna Cain， vice president of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. "If those 99 women live their lives as if they're going to develop cancer，" she says， "we're not necessarily doing them any good. "
　　Para 5 At present， the HPV test is approved in the US only to help resolve ambiguous results from a Pap-smear test. Many gynecologists believe that HPV will eventually replace the pap. But they're not willing to abandon it without a lot more detailed information and neither should you.
　　詞匯:
　　cervical adj.頸的;子宮頸的
　　trigger vt.發(fā)動(dòng);引起;促使
　　papillomavirus n.* 狀瘤病毒
　　cancerous adj.生癌的;患癌的; 像癌的
　　cervix n.器官的頸部(尤指子宮頸、膀胱頸)
　　byproduct n.(意外或無(wú)心的)附帶產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果;副產(chǎn)品
　　vagina n.陰道
　　Pap smear， Pap test = Papanicolaou test帕帕 尼科拉烏試驗(yàn)，巴氏試驗(yàn)
　　smear n.(顯微鏡的)涂片;污跡，污斑;誹謗，詆毀
　　biopsy n.活組織檢查; (為檢查和診斷而作的)活組織切除
　　obstetrician n.產(chǎn)科醫(yī)師
　　gynecologist n.婦科學(xué)家
　　ambiguous adj.含糊不清的; 不明確的;難以理解(或區(qū)分)的