GRE寫(xiě)作題目:
"Many of the world's lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak them. The governments of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becoming extinct."
GRE寫(xiě)作思路解析及提綱:
13、部分同意
1、需要保護(hù),語(yǔ)言是重要文化遺產(chǎn),distinctive culture heritage
individual identity; extinction of language results in diminished sense of pride, dignity and self-worth
continental Europe, many people cling tenaciously to their language
French Cadanians insist on French as their official language, to preserve the distinct culture heritage
2、隨著全球化發(fā)展,英語(yǔ)成為主導(dǎo),拉近各國(guó)、各族之間的距離,這樣保護(hù)少數(shù)語(yǔ)言就有阻礙作用了 language
homogenization shorten the distance between ,bring...
Internet adopt english as the official language
impede cross-cultural communication; misunderstanding; distrust;
from the pragmatism point of view, language is just symbol of meaning and ideas. Almost all the
language have the same function
3、要保護(hù) dying language政府需要花費(fèi)大量資源,對(duì)于貧困國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)意義不大
according to the theory of “natural selection” in the realm of language similar to the domain of
ecology, we can conclude that there is no need for government to spend too much time and energy to
save them for it is an useless effort against the language evolution itself. In the remote mountainous
areas of China can we find the Kejia villages with Kejia villagers whose language Kejia dialect is. With 21
the complicated structures and the confused pronunciations, the intrinsic function of Kejia dialect can
not be fulfilled in modern society for it will take a lot of time for outsiders to understand, let along use
it to communicate with Kejia people. With fewer and fewer people using it, this dialect is on the brink
of extinction now. When it comes to whether government should act to preserve it, several questions
should be answered in advance: Is it an advanced language tool or it has already been outdated? How
much value can we obtain from the language? Does it promote or block the cultural development?
deploy limited resouces to fight a losing battle
ISSUE13
許多世界上鮮為人知的語(yǔ)言由于越來(lái)越少的人使用而逐漸消失。使用這些語(yǔ)言的國(guó)家應(yīng)該采取措施防止這些語(yǔ)言絕
跡。
1 世界上的少數(shù)語(yǔ)言正在消亡。由于全球化加劇,由于各國(guó)統(tǒng)一語(yǔ)言,一些少數(shù)民族的語(yǔ)言甚至方言正在消失。比
如美國(guó)的印第安語(yǔ),澳洲土著的語(yǔ)言。
2 任何地區(qū)的方言是這個(gè)地區(qū)的重要的文化遺產(chǎn),對(duì)研究地區(qū)的歷史文化有著重要的意義,因此國(guó)家應(yīng)該采取措施
保護(hù)。比如說(shuō):非洲部落的中口頭流傳的民間故事可以幫助考古學(xué)家尋找失落的古文明。
3 同時(shí)作為這些語(yǔ)言的擁有者,也應(yīng)當(dāng)自覺(jué)主動(dòng)地從個(gè)人做起保護(hù)和繼承其語(yǔ)言。
13 世界上鮮為人知的語(yǔ)言的確是在遭受滅頂之災(zāi)。在國(guó)際上,隨著全球化的發(fā)展,很多殖民地國(guó)家開(kāi)始放棄自己的
土語(yǔ) aboriginal,轉(zhuǎn)而學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)或者法語(yǔ);另一方面,語(yǔ)言是交流的工具,如果原來(lái)的語(yǔ)言不再被廣泛適用,慢慢
便會(huì)消失
但是國(guó)際化的潮流不可抵擋,實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家科學(xué),文化各個(gè)方面的的進(jìn)步需要國(guó)家間合作,國(guó)際間的緊密合作首先要克
服的就是語(yǔ)言障礙。如果語(yǔ)言不通,它不僅阻礙了國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易,同時(shí)也阻礙的地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。誤解有時(shí)候會(huì)導(dǎo)
致沖突。一些原始的語(yǔ)言被代替也是自然選擇的結(jié)果。
語(yǔ)言是一個(gè)民族的象征,也是一個(gè)民族文化基本的元素,政府應(yīng)該保護(hù)民族的語(yǔ)言,這樣有利于保護(hù)民族文化,
人類財(cái)富 wealth。 任何地區(qū)的方言是這個(gè)地區(qū)的重要的文化遺產(chǎn),對(duì)研究地區(qū)的歷史文化有著重要的意義,因此
國(guó)家應(yīng)該采取措施保護(hù)。比如說(shuō):非洲部落的中口頭流傳的民間故事可以幫助考古學(xué)家尋找失落的古文明。國(guó)家應(yīng)
該在這些地區(qū)開(kāi)設(shè)和本地語(yǔ)言有關(guān)的課程,鼓勵(lì)人們學(xué)自己的語(yǔ)言,同時(shí)也應(yīng)該出版一些這些語(yǔ)言的出版物,如圖
書(shū),報(bào)紙,廣播等。比如在中國(guó),為了保護(hù)藏 Tibet 文化,政府在當(dāng)?shù)亻_(kāi)設(shè)了藏語(yǔ)文化科課,而且有很多藏語(yǔ)出版
物,這樣就有助于保護(hù)這門(mén)語(yǔ)言。
13 【題目】"Many of the world's lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak
them. The governments of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such
languages from becoming extinct."
【翻譯】許多世界上鮮為人知的語(yǔ)言由于越來(lái)越少的人使用而逐漸消失。使用這些語(yǔ)言的國(guó)家應(yīng)該采取措施防止這
些語(yǔ)言絕跡。
【提綱】Position:agree
Some countries should take actions to prevent there languages that are facing extinct from dying out.
So does the people themselves who own the languages.
1、世界上鮮為人知的語(yǔ)言的確是在遭受滅頂之災(zāi)。
1〉在國(guó)際上,隨著全球化的發(fā)展,很多殖民地國(guó)家開(kāi)始放棄自己的土語(yǔ),轉(zhuǎn)而學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)或者法語(yǔ);也是國(guó)際化的要
求不可否認(rèn),國(guó)際間的緊密合作首先要克服的就是語(yǔ)言障礙。如果語(yǔ)言不通,它不僅阻礙了國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易,甚至有
時(shí)也導(dǎo)致了誤解和武裝沖突的升級(jí)。
2〉在國(guó)內(nèi),少數(shù)民族和漢族的通婚導(dǎo)致了少數(shù)民族的同化,包括語(yǔ)言在內(nèi)的一些風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣也在逐漸消失;
2、任何地區(qū)的方言是這個(gè)地區(qū)的重要的文化遺產(chǎn),對(duì)研究地區(qū)的歷史文化有著重要的意義,因此國(guó)家應(yīng)該采取措施
保護(hù)。比如說(shuō):非洲部落的中口頭流傳的民間故事可以幫助考古學(xué)家尋找失落的古文明。
3、同時(shí)作為這些語(yǔ)言的擁有者,也應(yīng)當(dāng)自覺(jué)主動(dòng)地從個(gè)人做起保護(hù)和繼承其語(yǔ)言。
4、結(jié)論 22
13.小語(yǔ)種消失
一、語(yǔ)言的重要性,小語(yǔ)種被全球化 encroach,應(yīng)該保留;但全球化的語(yǔ)言 prevalence 又很必要 international
communication,因此政府只需支持少數(shù) scientists 去研究,尤其在資源有,不用可以追求數(shù)量
二、語(yǔ)言是 carrier,其本身也是寶藏 not only are languages carriers of human history, but also they
themselves are treasures of human beings.
1.失去語(yǔ)言就失去了通往一個(gè)祖先努力、長(zhǎng)期建立的文明的 access
2.歷史資料(history, archeology)必須語(yǔ)言解讀, 除非找到 hints Rosetta Stone
3.evidence of human's intelligence, differing from other species,應(yīng)該被 value
三、同化使多樣性消失 assimilation that jeopardizes the diversity of languages and cultures emerges with
colonialism in the past or with globalization at present.
1.以前是殖民地時(shí)期,被逼,Daudet, the last lesson, Prussia
2. 現(xiàn)在是全球化
四、但通用語(yǔ)言確實(shí)有好處 we do need a uniform language to communicate and to learn from the strong
in the worldwide environment.
1.世界上先進(jìn)的技術(shù)、知識(shí)用英語(yǔ)表達(dá),計(jì)算機(jī) adopt English as its official language,國(guó)際會(huì)議 stipulate
English presentation, meeting paper
2. 如果不學(xué)習(xí)等于固步自封,tunnel vision,尤其是小語(yǔ)種國(guó)家都比較窮
五、所以好的辦法是政府資助小部分科學(xué)家學(xué)習(xí)、研究 the best way for government, considering both the
importance of language and the necessity of using an international language, is to protect
lesser-known languages by supporting a few experts to learn and research them.
1.有限的資源,還有更 pressing的問(wèn)題
2.日常不需要,不需要大規(guī)模的學(xué),把重心從數(shù)量上轉(zhuǎn)移到the researching application,比如某語(yǔ)言只有在研
究非洲某部落的文明時(shí)才有用。
六、結(jié)論:practicality and limited resources, striking a balance
13T "Many of the world's lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak
them. The governments of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such
languages from becoming extinct." 13. 許多世界上鮮為人知的語(yǔ)言由于越來(lái)越少的人使用而逐漸消失。使用
這些語(yǔ)言的國(guó)家應(yīng)該采取措施防止這些語(yǔ)言絕跡。
When retrospecting development of recent history, we may find many languages of the world are
becoming extinct.
、 需要保護(hù)。正面說(shuō):代表了一個(gè)民族的文化和歷史,能夠從中吸取到一些精華。反面說(shuō):當(dāng)一種語(yǔ)言消滅時(shí),倚
賴其的文化也會(huì)消亡。With the disappearing of native language, at the same time, native culture
constructed on the language is perishing.
、 但語(yǔ)言的消亡是正常現(xiàn)象。就如在適者生存一樣,當(dāng)不適應(yīng)社會(huì)發(fā)展時(shí),就會(huì)自然被淘汰。如:許多原住民的
aboriginal語(yǔ)言 隨著全球化被英語(yǔ)取代
、 政府所關(guān)注的不應(yīng)該是由多少人使用這個(gè)語(yǔ)言。有價(jià)值的語(yǔ)言應(yīng)該由政府撥款給學(xué)者或博物館進(jìn)行研究保存。
With the development of globalization, increasing cooperation within countries brings each country
both prosperities especially in science and technology, and impact on culture.
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