題目

Milk and dairy products are rich in vitamin D and calcium—substances essential for building and maintaining bones. Many people therefore say that a diet rich in dairy products can help prevent osteoporosis, a disease that is linked to both environmental and genetic factors and that causes the bones to weaken significantly with age. But a long-term study of a large number of people found that those who consistently consumed dairy products throughout the years of the study have a higher rate of bone fractures than any other participants in the study. Since bone fractures are symptomatic of osteoporosis, this study result shows that a diet rich in dairy products may actually increase, rather than decrease, the risk of osteoporosis.

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

題目翻譯

牛奶和奶制品富含維生素D和鈣，這些都是骨骼生長和保持骨骼健康所必須的物質(zhì)。因此很多人相信多吃奶制品的飲食可以有助預防骨質(zhì)疏松癥 [譯]骨質(zhì)疏松癥與環(huán)境因素和基因因素都有關(guān)系，而且它導致骨骼隨年齡增長而脆性顯著增加。但是對大量人群的進行的一項長期研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：那些在研究期間經(jīng)常食用奶制品的人骨折發(fā)病率比其他參加研究的人要高。由于骨折是骨質(zhì)疏松癥的癥狀之一，這一研究結(jié)果表明多吃奶制品實際上會增加而不是減少患骨質(zhì)疏松癥的風險。

說明：寫一篇文章，闡述需要哪些具體的證據(jù)來評價這個論證過程，并解釋這些證據(jù)如何削弱或強化這個論證過程。

題目分析

A. 前提：bone fractures are a symptom of osteoporosis

骨折是骨質(zhì)疏松癥的癥狀之一

B. 結(jié)論：a diet rich in dairy products may actually increase, rather than decrease, the risk of osteoporosis

多吃奶制品實際上會增加而不是減少患骨質(zhì)疏松癥的風險

C. 論據(jù)：

1. Milk and dairy products are rich in vitamin D and calcium, substances essential for building and maintaining bones

牛奶和奶制品富含維生素D和鈣，這些都是骨骼生長和保持骨骼健康所必須的物質(zhì)

2. Many people therefore believe that a diet rich in dairy products can help prevent osteoporosis, a disease in which the bones weaken significantly with age and that is linked to both environmental and genetic factors

很多人相信多吃奶制品的飲食可以有助預防骨質(zhì)疏松癥

3. Osteoporosis is a disease in which the bones weaken significantly with age and that is linked to both environmental and genetic factors

骨質(zhì)疏松癥是一種骨骼隨年齡增長而脆性顯著增加的疾病，而且它與環(huán)境因素和基因因素都有關(guān)系

4. A long-term study of a large number of people found that those who have consistently consumed dairy products throughout the years of the study have a higher rate of bone fractures than any other participants in the study

對大量人群的進行的一項長期研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：那些在研究期間經(jīng)常食用奶制品的人骨折發(fā)病率比其他參加研究的人要高

提綱(可攻擊點)

1、“維生素D和鈣”是骨骼生長和保持骨骼健康所必須的物質(zhì)，但是食用“牛奶和奶制品”是否就會給人體補充充足的骨骼生長和保持骨骼健康所必須的物質(zhì)?

2、“骨折是骨質(zhì)疏松癥的癥狀之一”，但能否僅根據(jù)骨折就說明骨質(zhì)疏松?

3、食用奶制品僅僅是保證“骨骼生長和保持骨骼健康”的一個因素，和“與環(huán)境因素和基因因素都有關(guān)系有關(guān)”而且“是一種骨骼隨年齡增長而脆性顯著增加的疾病”的骨質(zhì)疏松相比，是否存在直接對應關(guān)系?

 

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