89"Leaders are created primarily by the demands that are placed upon them."

　　GRE寫作精講之提綱解析：

　　89 leader是內(nèi)外條件共同作用的結(jié)果

　　1、外部需要使人成為 leader

　　As to the realm of politics, the case of the New Deal of Franklin D Roosevelt serves as a typical

　　example to illustrate this point. When the great economic crisis broke out from 1929 to 1933, the

　　whole United State ran into a rough weather, and the president Roosevelt tried to put the Nation out

　　of the Great Depression. The core of the New Deal is “Reform, Recovery, Relief” policy, actually it

　　did work on changing the tough situation of United State at that time, and it aroused the confidences

　　of the whole society to promote the development of the country.

　　2、外部需要激發(fā)人的動力與能力成為 leader

　　Nelson Mandela, the South African black political leader and former president, who contributed

　　lifelong dedication to the fight against racial oppression in South Africa, said in his autobiography: ’

　　The chains on any one of my people were the chains on all of them, the chains on all of my people were

　　the chains on me.‘ With such a compelling and inspiring political responsibility, Mandela placed the

　　liberation of both the oppressed and the oppressor as the first and greatest mission since the release

　　in 1990 from more than a quarter –century imprisonment. And the intensive sense of responsibility

　　guided him to become a vital force in the fight for human rights and racial equality. 107

　　3、成為Leader不僅僅是外部需要的結(jié)果

　　Knowledge is the primary pave stone of the way to a leader. G. Washington, by his outstanding

　　military aptitude, won his people the independence of America. It is not denied that the special

　　historical situation did him a favor to achieve success; nonetheless, it is his knowledge and wise

　　military strategies that play the vital role.

　　Lincoln, as one of the greatest president in the American history, without his preeminent glamour,

　　could not be so respectful and famous. In his inaugural speech, he launched his elegant words (they

　　got him close to the electoral people and expressed his amicable characteristic) that what he can

　　depend on are only his citizens. It is true that the demands placed upon him play a catalytic role in his

　　being a leader. However, without his stunning characteristic, he cannot realize the success in the

　　political career.

　　89T 個體和整體 問題解答 "Leaders are created primarily by the demands that are placed upon them."

　　89. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人物的出現(xiàn)主要是由人民對他們的要求決定的。

　�、贂r勢造英雄。如：彼得大帝(Czar Peter)，被認(rèn)為是俄國杰出(preeminent)的沙皇(czar)。當(dāng)時俄國

　　十分落后：農(nóng)奴(serf)增加，合法權(quán)利減少;俄國錯過文藝復(fù)興(Renaissance)和宗教改革(Reformation)

　　的好時期;科學(xué)停滯不前。而西歐一片繁榮。于是進(jìn)行了西方化改革：發(fā)展科學(xué)，改革社會風(fēng)俗，使得俄國成為

　　列強(qiáng)之一。不怕雷同就寫 Roosevelt

　�、趥�人能力：knowledge- vision; courage; leadership;如：馬克思(Karl Marx),自學(xué)歷史和哲學(xué)，具有獨到

　　的眼光;被當(dāng)時政府驅(qū)逐(was banished),貧窮使得自身健康受損，孩子因饑餓去世，也不放棄寫作;作為國際

　　工人協(xié)會(The international workers association)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了很多次工人運動。

　　③機(jī)遇：如：梵高(Gogh, Vincent van),the sunflower, starry night. 死后才被追認(rèn)為印象派(impressionism)

　　大師。