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【考博英語閱讀訓練（1）】

Overseas students shun UK and US universities 　　The market share of international students enjoyed by British and US universities has dropped sharply as Australia，Japan and New Zealand become increasingly popular destinations，according to an international comparison of education systems published yesterday. 　　The latest edition of Education at a Glance，an annual audit published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development，showed that although foreign students continue to be attracted to the two countries because of the English language teaching and perceived quality of education，in relative terms their position is weakening. 　　The Paris-based organisation reported that US market share fell 2 per cent from 2002-3，while the UK suffered the fastest decline among OECD members，falling from 16.2 per cent in 1998 to 13.5 percent in 2003. 　　The most recent year used by the report is 2003 so the percentages did not include a 21.3 per cent fall in the number of Chinese students accepted for university courses in Britain this year. Britain is increasingly reliant on the higher fees paid by students from outside the European Union to help sustain its universities for domestic students. 　　The overall number of students studying outside their own countries stood at 2.1m in 2003，an 8.3 percent annual average increase since 1998. 　　According to the report the international complexion of US campuses has changed strikingly since September 11 2001. The country''s universities have seen decreases of 10-37 per cent in students from the Gulf states，northern Africa and some south-east Asian countries. 　　The report also concluded that despite continued，if uneven，growth in the number of graduates churned out by the rich world''s universities，the monetary value of a degree showed no sign of having been tarnished. 　　Andreas Schleicher，head of the Indicators and Analysis Division of the OECD''s Directorate of Education，said there was no evidence of inflation of the labour-market value of qualifications and that graduates could expect to continue to earn considerably more than those without a degree. 　　Assessing the performance of the world''s schools，Mr Schleicher said Asia was soaring while Europe remained level and South America had slipped into relative decline. 　　一、全文翻譯 　　英美大學留學生人數驟跌 　　據昨天公布的一項國際教育體系比較研究稱，英美大學的留學生市場份額急劇下降，而澳大利亞、日本和新西蘭日益成為受歡迎的留學目的地。 　　最新版《各國教育概觀》（Education at A Glance）顯示，盡管由于英美兩國以英語教學，且教育質量明顯較高，外國學生繼續(xù)被這兩個國家所吸引，但相對而言，兩國的地位在下降。該報告是經合組織（OECD）公布的年度教育審計報告。 　　總部位于巴黎的經合組織報告說，美國的市場份額2002至2003年下降了2%，而英國在經合組織成員國中降幅，已從1998年16.2%的份額降至2003年的13.5%. 　　該報告采用數據的最近年度是2003年，因此該數據并沒有將今年的情況包括在內，今年留學英國的中國學生人數減少了21.3%.英國正日益依賴歐盟以外學生支付的更高學費，使英國大學能夠繼續(xù)招收國內學生。 　　2003年海外留學生總人數為210萬，自1998年以來每年平均增長8.3%. 　　根據這篇報告，自2001年9月11日的事件以來，美國大學校園里國際學生的構成發(fā)生了驚人變化。來自海灣地區(qū)各國、北非以及某些東南亞國家的學生人數減少了10%至37%. 　　報告還得出結論，盡管富國大學的畢業(yè)生人數仍在持續(xù)（或許不均勻地）增長，學位的經濟價值絲毫沒有貶值的跡象。 　　經合組織教育指標和分析部負責人安德里亞。施萊歇爾（Andreas Schleicher）說，沒有證據顯示，學位資格在勞動力市場上的價值正發(fā)生“膨脹”，畢業(yè)生收入可以期望比那些沒有學位的人高出許多。 　　在評估全球學校的表現(xiàn)時，施萊歇爾先生說，亞洲正在“急劇上升”，歐洲保持原有水準，而南美洲則相對有所滑坡。 　　二、重點詞匯 　　destinationn.目的地， [計]目的文件，目的單元格 　　perceive vt.察覺 　　reliantadj.信賴的，依靠的，信賴自己的 　　domesticadj.家庭的，國內的，與人共處的，馴服的 　　complexion n.面色，膚色，情況，局面 　　despiteprep.不管，盡管，不論 　　tarnishv.失去光澤 　　indicatorn.指示器， [化]指示劑 　　inflation n.脹大，夸張，通貨膨脹， （物價）暴漲 　　soaringadj.高飛的，翱翔的

【考博英語閱讀訓練（2）】

UN report warns poverty goals likely to be missed 　　The infant death rate for African Americans in Washington DC is higher than that in the cities of the Indian state of Kerala， the United Nations has warned as part of a damning review of poverty and inequality around the world. 　　Published ahead of next week''s summit in New York to review progress in meeting goals to halve extreme poverty by 2015， the UN''s human development report says： US health indicators are far below those that might be expected on the basis of national wealth. 　　The report， published by the United Nations Development Programme （UNDP）， says the outcome is due partly to persistent and extreme disparities between people from different social and ethnic groups， as shown by recent images of poor black people stranded in New Orleans by Hurricane Katrina. 　　The findings reflect a new focus by the UN upon differences within countries as well as between countries， as policymakers try to think of new ways to achieve the millennium development goals （MDGs）， agreed in 2000. 　　India and China， which have both enjoyed sustained economic growth， face worrying challenges. There are worrying indications that social progress is starting to lag behind economic performance， with the slowdown in the rate of reduction in child deaths a special concern. 　　The UN notes that China spends 5 per cent of its GDP on health， but public spending now amounts to less than 2 per cent of GDP. 　　The erosion of public funding， it says， has resulted in a mismatch between need and provision， with per capita spending in urban areas 3.5 times that in rural areas. 　　Between 70 and 80 per cent of the rural population have no health insurance. Children living in the poorest parts of rural China face far greater health risks， and the gap is widening. The mortality rate for under-five-year-olds ranges from 8 per 1，000 in Beijing （comparable to the US）， to 60 in the poorest parts of Gui zhou （comparable to Namibia）。 　　一、參考譯文 　　聯(lián)合國警告說，美國首都華盛頓特區(qū)非裔美國人的嬰兒死亡率高于印度喀拉拉邦各城市。該警告是聯(lián)合國評估世界各地貧窮和不平等現(xiàn)象報告的一部分，聯(lián)合國對這些現(xiàn)象表示強烈不滿。 　　這份報告指出：“美國的健康指標遠遠低于根據國家富裕程度所預期的水平�！贝饲奥�(lián)合國曾制定目標，希望到2015年將極端貧困人口減半。下周聯(lián)合國將在紐約召開峰會，回顧實現(xiàn)這一目標的進展。在峰會前，聯(lián)合國發(fā)表了這份人類發(fā)展報告�？荚嚧� 　　聯(lián)合國開發(fā)計劃署（UNDP）發(fā)布的這份報告表示，這種結果部分是由于不同的社會群體和族裔群體之間存在著“持久的”和“極端的”不平等。最近美國新奧爾良的貧窮黑人因颶風卡特里娜受困的景象就表明了這一點。 　　該報告的結論反映了聯(lián)合國在貧困問題上的新的關注焦點：不僅關注國家之間的不平等，而且也關注國家內部的不平等。目前，各國的政策制定者試圖想出新方法，以實現(xiàn)2000年達成的千年發(fā)展目標（MDGs）。 　　印度和中國經濟持續(xù)增長，但也面臨令人擔憂的挑戰(zhàn)。聯(lián)合國的這份報告說：“有令人擔心的跡象表明，社會發(fā)展正開始落后于經濟表現(xiàn)，兒童死亡率下降速度放緩尤為令人擔心�！� 　　聯(lián)合國指出，中國花費國內生產總值的5%用于健康醫(yī)療，但公共支出目前占國內生產總值的比例不足2%. 　　報告稱，公共資金被侵蝕，已導致“需求和供給之間的錯配”，城市人均支出是農村地區(qū)的3.5倍。 　　70%和80%之間的農村人口沒有醫(yī)療保險。居住在中國農村最貧困地區(qū)的兒童面臨更大的健康風險，并且城鄉(xiāng)差距在擴大。舉例來說，在北京，五歲以下兒童的死亡率為千分之八（與美國相當），但在貴州最貧困的地區(qū)，五歲以下兒童的死亡率為千分之六十（與納米比亞相當）。 　　二、重點詞匯 　　Infant n.嬰兒，幼兒 　　Inequality n.不平等，不同，不等式，不平均， （表面）不平坦（用復數） 　　Indicatoryadj.指示的，表示的 　　outcome n.結果，成果 　　persistentadj.持久穩(wěn)固的 　　extreme adj.盡頭的，極端的，極度的，偏激的，最后的 　　n.極端，極端的事物 　　ethnicadj.人種的，種族的，異教徒的 　　millennium n.太平盛世，一千年 　　concernvt.涉及，關系到 　　erosion n.腐蝕，侵蝕 　　provision n.供應， （一批）供應品，預備，防備，規(guī)定 　　insurance n.保險，保險單，保險業(yè)，保險費 　　mortalityn.死亡率

【考博英語閱讀訓練（3）】

Ringtones no longer ringing the tills 　　The days of making easy money from ringtones short clips of music for mobile phones are over. 　　What has been a hugely profitable business is coming under pressure from　a narrowing of the craze to a smaller group of mostly younger people， a shift in the nature of ringtones themselves， and growing competition among distributors. 　　In the UK and other European countries， where the fad first took hold， many of the people who once paid￡2 （$3.5） or more for a 10-second clip have given up buying ringtones，said Chris Jones， an analyst at Canalys，a technology industry consultancy： People were doing it because it was a new thing to do. That has worn off with a big part of the market. In the US， where the business is at a much earlier stage，the craze appears to have stalled even before it has reached a mass market. Only about one in 10 mobile subscribers is buying ringtones. That is the same proportion as a year ago，according to InfoSpace，a US ringtone company that claims 47 percent of the US market， though it adds that reliable statistics about the market are difficult to come by.examda 　　At the same time， the new band of distributors that sprang up to sell ringtones is finding the fat profits much harder to come by. Users are starting to switch away from the familiar polyphonic renditions of famous tunes to short clips of the original music known in the industry as truetones or realtones. 　　Most of the profits from these go straight to the record labels， not the middlemen who made a killing from earlier， cruder versions. 　　一、參考譯文 　　靠一小段手機音樂鈴聲輕松賺錢的日子已經過去了。 　　這一迄今利潤豐厚的業(yè)務正面臨壓力，原因包括：對鈴聲狂熱的群體在縮小，目前多數是年紀比較小的人；鈴聲的性質發(fā)生了變化；以及經銷商之間的競爭日益加劇。 　　高科技行業(yè)咨詢公司Canalys分析師克里斯。瓊斯（Chris Jones）說，英國和其它歐洲國家是手機鈴聲熱潮的發(fā)源地，這里的許多年輕人此前曾為了一段10秒鐘的鈴聲花上2英鎊（合3.5美元）或更多錢，現(xiàn)在他們不再購買鈴聲。“人們當時這么做，是因為它是個新鮮事物。現(xiàn)在人們對此興趣逐漸淡薄，很大一塊市場隨之消失。”在美國，手機鈴聲業(yè)務還處在相當初級的階段，鈴聲熱潮甚至在席卷大眾市場前就已停滯不前。僅有十分之一的手機用戶在購買音樂鈴聲。美國手機鈴聲公司InfoSpace稱，這一比例與一年前相同，盡管它補充指出，難以取得關于這一市場的可靠數據。InfoSpace據稱占據美國47%的鈴聲市場�？荚嚧� 　　同時，出現(xiàn)一批新的鈴聲經銷商，它們正逐漸發(fā)現(xiàn)，現(xiàn)在要實現(xiàn)高額利潤比以前難多了。用戶從熟悉的曲子的“和弦”演奏轉向原版的音樂短片斷，后者在業(yè)內稱為“真實鈴聲”（truetone）或“原音鈴聲”（realtone）。 　　來自這些鈴聲的大部分利潤直接進了唱片公司的口袋，而不是中間商。此前這些中間商依靠比較粗糙的鈴聲賺了一大筆錢。 　　二、重點詞匯 　　clip n.夾子，回形針，子彈夾 　　vt.夾住，剪短，修剪 　　profitableadj.有利可圖的 　　distributorn.發(fā)行人 　　analystn.分析家，分解者 　　consultancy n.顧問（工作） 　　subscriber n.訂戶，簽署者，捐獻者 　　proportionn.比例，均衡，面積，部分 　　vt.使成比例，使均衡，分攤 　　polyphonicadj.有許多聲音的，對位法的，復調的 　　rendition n.表演，演唱，翻譯

【考博英語閱讀訓練（4）】

China reins in economic expansion 　　China's growth in fixed-asset investment and its money supply slowed considerably in August，providing firm evidence that the government's tightening measures were reining in the country's rapid economic expansion.examda 　　Urban fixed-asset investment in August rose 21.5 per cent compared with a year ago，a marked slowdown from the 30.5 per cent expansion from January through July and the slowest for a single month since December 2004. M2，the broad indicator for money supply， rose 17.9 per cent last month compared with 18.4 per cent in July and June. 　　China's economy has been growing at a record pace，expanding by 11.3 per cent in the second quarter. Beijing officials and many economists are concerned that such growth rates are not sustainable in the longer term. 　　The latest economic data，which were released by Qiu Xiaohua，commissioner of China's National Bureau of Statistics，suggest Beijing has been able to control excessive lending and investment to sectors such as real estate that are especially at risk of overheating. 　　Beijing is using a combination of monetary and administrative controls in its attempts to moderate growth. Since late April，China's central bank has twice raised benchmark lending rates and bank reserve requirements. Yesterday it also mopped up a record Rmb225bn （$28.3bn） in its regular open market operations.examda 　　Su Ning，the deputy central bank governor，said this week at an international conference in Beijing that the country's money supply was slowing dramatically as a result of these measures. 　　At the same time，China's leaders are trying to control unnecessary production - for instance by limiting land rights and enforcing environmental standards in key industries such as steel，cement and automobiles. 　　Beijing is also worried about overlending to urban property projects，including residences，offices and industrial parks，and the threat it could lead to artificially high prices and excess supply. 　　While trying to temper credit and investment growth，Beijing is also attempting to stimulate consumer spending， since it believes a strong middle class will be a key driver of future growth. 　　China's statistics body said August retail sales were up 13.8 per cent，a rate consistent with that of the previous two months. Demand for oil products，jewellery，automobiles and building has been particularly strong. 　　一、參考譯文： 　　8月份中國固定資產投資及貨幣供應量增長速度明顯放緩，這有力地證明，政府的緊縮舉措，正在抑制中國經濟的迅速擴張。 　　8月份，中國城市固定資產投資較上年同期增長21.5%，與1至7月份期間30.5%的擴張速度相比，有明顯放緩；同時也是自2004年12月以來，單月增幅最低的一個月。廣義貨幣供應量M2上月增長17.9%，而7月份和6月份的增幅均為18.4%. 　　中國經濟一直在以創(chuàng)紀錄的速度增長，第二季度的增幅為11.3%.中國政府官員和許多經濟學家擔心，長遠而言，這樣的增長速度難以維持。 　　中國國家統(tǒng)計局（National Bureau of Statistics）局長邱曉華發(fā)布的最新經濟數據顯示，中國政府能夠控制對房地產等行業(yè)的過渡放貸和投資，這些行業(yè)尤其存在過熱風險。 　　中國政府正通過貨幣和行政調控手段相結合的方式，努力緩和經濟增長。自4月底以來，中國央行已兩度上調基準貸款利率和銀行存款準備金比率。昨日，央行還在其例行的公開市場操作中，創(chuàng)紀錄地完成2250億元人民幣（合283億美元）的資金回籠工作。 　　本周，中國央行副行長蘇寧在北京舉行的一個國際會議上表示，由于上述措施，中國的貨幣供應“明顯”放緩。 　　與此同時，中國領導人正試圖控制非必要的生產——例如，在鋼鐵、水泥和汽車等關鍵行業(yè)，限制土地使用權并強制執(zhí)行各種環(huán)保標準。 　　中國政府還對城市地產項目（包括住宅、寫字樓和工業(yè)園區(qū)）上的過度放貸，以及可能由此導致的人為高價和供應過度感到擔憂。考試大 　　在努力遏制信貸和投資增長的同時，中國政府還試圖刺激消費支出，因為它認為，一個強大的中產階層，將成為未來經濟增長的關鍵驅動力。 　　中國國家統(tǒng)計局表示，8月份，社會消費品零售總額較上年同期增長13.8%，這一幅度與前兩個月持平。石油產品、珠寶、汽車和建筑方面的需求一直特別強勁。 　　二、重點詞匯： 　　investment n.投資，可獲利的東西 　　evidence n.明顯，顯著，明白，跡象，根據， [物]證據，證物 　　indicator n.指示器， [化]指示劑 　　sustainable adj.可以忍受的，足可支撐的，養(yǎng)得起的 　　excessive adj.過多的，過分的，額外 　　benchmark[計]基準 　　deputyn.代理人，代表 　　dramatically adv.戲劇地，引人注目地 　　artificially adv.人工（考試大） 　　credit n.信任，信用，聲望，榮譽， [財務]貸方，銀行存款 　　vt.相信，信任，把……歸給 　　previous adj.在前的，早先的 　　adv.（1）在……以前；（2）返回上一級菜單