一、課文背景知識(shí)
“新西蘭人分別來自許多不同的文化背景，同時(shí)以熱情和友善而享譽(yù)國(guó)際，美麗的田園、清潔的環(huán)境、健康的生活方式以及多元文化社區(qū)使新西蘭成為來自世界各地移民的理想國(guó)家。”
這既是廣告詞，更是新西蘭的真實(shí)寫照。1997年，在一項(xiàng)對(duì)全球高級(jí)管理人員進(jìn)行的調(diào)查中，新西蘭的奧克蘭市在喜歡居住的城市中名列第二;一項(xiàng)由全球大的人力資源公司william M. Mercer 進(jìn)行的全球生活素質(zhì)佳城市的研究報(bào)告中指出，新西蘭的奧克蘭市的生活素質(zhì)排名全球第五，與悉尼、日內(nèi)瓦、哥本哈根等齊名;另外，由加拿大 Fraser Institute 研究所、美國(guó)和新加坡并列為全球自由的經(jīng)濟(jì)體，而新西蘭則緊隨其后，名列第二，第三到第十位分別是：美國(guó)、英國(guó)、愛爾蘭、加拿大、澳大利亞、荷蘭、盧森堡及瑞士。
新西蘭很接近國(guó)際日界線，北島的島嶼和鎮(zhèn)，是全球、先迎接新一天來到的地方。新西蘭是南太平洋上一個(gè)景色如畫的島國(guó)，形狀很象一只倒懸的長(zhǎng)筒高根皮靴，距澳大利亞1600公里，新西蘭主要由北島和南島組成，庫克海峽將兩島分開，還有許多較小的島嶼，陸地總面積為270，500平方公里，面積大小與日本及英國(guó)相仿，但人口密度遠(yuǎn)低于后者。由于新西蘭的大部分出口產(chǎn)品是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，人們通常認(rèn)為新西蘭是一個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)家，實(shí)際上新西蘭是一個(gè)高度城市化的國(guó)家，百分之八十五的人口生活在城鎮(zhèn)里，大多數(shù)人就業(yè)在工業(yè)、商業(yè)或服務(wù)業(yè)。
新西蘭擁有著許多令人激動(dòng)的自然景觀，從冰川到雨林，從峽灣到溫泉，從火山到峽谷，從南阿爾卑斯山動(dòng)人的景觀到島嶼灣美麗的海岸線，更讓人驚奇的是，將近三分之一的新西蘭國(guó)土是國(guó)家公園或自然保護(hù)區(qū)，新西蘭被譽(yù)為世界上后一處“天堂”。
關(guān)于歷史，波利尼夕亞定居者約在公元十世紀(jì)先來到新西蘭(毛利過名為“長(zhǎng)白云之鄉(xiāng))。到公元十二世紀(jì)，全國(guó)受青睞的地區(qū)已分布了許多定居點(diǎn)：1642年，荷蘭航海家阿貝爾.塔斯曼發(fā)現(xiàn)了長(zhǎng)白云之鄉(xiāng)，并以荷蘭一個(gè)地區(qū)的名字命名這塊土地為，他繪制了部分西海岸的區(qū)的地圖，但并未在此登陸;1769年，英國(guó)海軍艦長(zhǎng)詹姆斯.庫克及船員成為首先踏足新西蘭土地的歐洲人，隨后，捕撈海報(bào)和鯨魚的人們也來到這里，新西蘭的國(guó)家標(biāo)志是不會(huì)飛的土生“幾維鳥”，有時(shí)“幾維”被用作新西蘭的同義語。
新西蘭大的非歐洲人社團(tuán)是本地的毛利人——新西蘭早的定居者和開拓者，毛利人是1000多年以前早在新西蘭定居的人，他們又叫做“塔加塔.胡奴阿”，即“大地之民”，歐洲*約在1769年以后移居到此，毛利人的文化、藝術(shù)和傳統(tǒng)是新西蘭遺產(chǎn)中的重要部分。新西蘭的教育體制被視為世界上好的教育體制之一，他們通過學(xué)校、大學(xué)、技工學(xué)院和其他教育機(jī)構(gòu)提供高質(zhì)量教育，新西蘭的教育體系源于英國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)教育體制，全國(guó)實(shí)行同意的教育體系，教育經(jīng)費(fèi)開支占政府開支第三位。
二、疑難詳解
1. It is made up of two large islands: North Island and South Island.這個(gè)國(guó)家是由兩座大島組成的;北島和男島。
[問]be made up of 和be made of (from)有何區(qū)別?
[答]be made up of 意為“由……組成”，表示由若干部分組成一個(gè)新的整體，be made of/from 意為“由……制成”，如：
Could are made up of water. 云是水構(gòu)成的。
Desk are made of wood. 課桌是木制的。
be made into 意為“被制成……”如：
Some plants can be made into paper. 有些植物可以被制成紙張。
2. New Zealand is surrouded by the Pacific Ocean to the north and east , and the Tasman Sea to the south and west. 新西蘭以北和以東由太平洋環(huán)繞，南面和西面是塔斯馬海，
[問]表示方位的介詞常用的有哪些?[答]介詞to，to，in常用來表示地理方位，注意學(xué)會(huì)和掌握她們的用法。
a. A地位于B地境內(nèi)以東(南、西、北)：A lies/is in the east /south /west/north of B.
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中國(guó)的東部。(在中國(guó)境內(nèi))
b. A地位于B地境內(nèi)以東(南、西、北)： A lies /is in the east /south /west/north of B.
Britain is to the east of Ireland . 不列顛位于愛爾蘭的東面，(不在同一境內(nèi))
c. A地與B地的東(南、西、北)部接壤：A lies/is on the east/south /west /north of B.
Wales lies to the west of England. 威爾士位于英格蘭的西邊。(兩者相鄰)
另外， lie on 還可表示“位于……之畔”。如：
Wuhan lies on the Changjiang River. 武漢坐落在長(zhǎng)江之畔。
3. Other important cities are Auckland in the north ,Christ-church on the South Island and Queenstown, further in the south. 其他重要城市有北方的奧克蘭， 南島的克賴斯特徹奇和遠(yuǎn)在南方的昆士城。
[問]句中的further作何理解?它與farther有何區(qū)別?
[答]further在此用作副詞，修飾介詞短語 in the south, 表示“遠(yuǎn)在南方，深入南方內(nèi)地”， 又如：
Can you walk further into the forest? 你能再往森林深處走走嗎?
farther 和further都是far 的比較級(jí)，可用作形容詞或副詞，都可以指空間或時(shí)間上的距離，意為”更遠(yuǎn)的(地)”， 但farther比further更普遍些，如：
On the farther/further side of the street there was a large shop
在街道的那一頭有一家商店。
further還可以用于抽象意義，表示“進(jìn)一步”，這時(shí)不能用farther, 如：
They want to get further information. 他們想得到進(jìn)一步的信息。
4. The North Island is famous for an area of hot springs, some of which throw hot water high into the air.北島以溫泉而著稱，有些溫泉將熱水*到很高的空中。
[問]句中的some of which 是什么結(jié)構(gòu)?
[答]some of which 是“代詞(或名詞)+介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”在句中引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。當(dāng)先行詞為人時(shí)，關(guān)系嗲次用whom， 當(dāng)先行詞為物時(shí)， 關(guān)系代詞用which，注意介詞后不能用that。又如：
Here are a lot of stones, must of which will be used to build a bridge. 這兒有許多石頭，其中多數(shù)將用來建橋。
There are about 100 teachers in our school, many of whom are women. 我們學(xué)校約有100名教師，其中許多是婦女。
5. Some of these heat near the earth's surface is used to make electricity. 接近地球表面的有些熱能被用來發(fā)電。
[問]be used to do sth. 和be used to doing sth 有什么區(qū)別?
[答]be used to do sth 意為“……被用來做某事”， 其中to do sth. 是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語，如：
This piece of wood is used to keep rain water. 這塊木版是用來擋雨水的。
Grass can be used to make paper. 草可以用來造紙。
而be used to doing sth. 是“習(xí)慣于……”的意思，其中to 是介詞，后接名詞或動(dòng)詞ing形式，它是個(gè)表示狀態(tài)的詞組，若要表示由不習(xí)慣到習(xí)慣這一變化的動(dòng)作，則換為get/become used to。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。例如：
Soon you will get/become used to living in the countrey. 很快你就會(huì)習(xí)慣于鄉(xiāng)村生活了。
I was not used to being called a lazy fellow. 我原來不習(xí)慣于人家稱我為懶漢。
另外還要注意：在used to do sth 結(jié)構(gòu)中， used to 是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示過去常常做某事，側(cè)重于和現(xiàn)在對(duì)照，意思是“過去常�！�(但現(xiàn)在不)”，可以談動(dòng)作，也可以談狀態(tài)。例如：
They used to mod to each other when they met. 他們過去遇到時(shí)，總是彼此點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭。
因此，不要將實(shí)義動(dòng)詞use與used to 及be used to 混淆。試比較：
Coal is used to cook food. 煤用來生火做飯。 (實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，不定式為目的狀語)
She is used to cooking food with coal. 她習(xí)慣于用煤生火做飯。
She used to cook food with coal. 她過去總是用煤生火做飯。
【同步練習(xí)題】
一、完型填空
Stop and see! Where do you 1 most of your time! You work, watch TV, play computer games, and sleep-all 2 . It’s easy 3 , but there is a whole new world outside your door. The best way to 4 it is to go backpacking.
Backpacking means to go hiking on foot. You 5 only what you can __6 _ your back. Are you eager to get 7 ? Wait a minute! Before you go 8 , you should 9 some basic equipment. First you 10 some comfortable shoes 11 boots. Always carry a waterproof jacket or poncho, especially hiking in a 12 , or if the weather forecast 13 for rain. Finally, you need a backpack or daypack. It's also a good idea to 14 a compass, a leakproof water bottle, and a map.
15 hikes are the easiest to organize. Arrange a trip with a small group of friends. Remember! Hiking in a group is safer than hiking 16 . Decide how far you will go. For most people, a distance of 10 to 12 miles 17 in a day if they are already used to 18 .
Wherever you go, 19 yourself. You 20 tired when you get home, but you’ll soon be planning another hike.
1.A.spend B.cost C. take D. waste
2.A.indoor B.indoors C. outdoor D. outdoors
3.A.forget B. for forgetting C.to be forgotten D.to forget
4.A.find out B.discover C. explore D. study
5.A.take B.fetch C. bring D. carry
6.A.carry B. put on C. carry on D. put
7.A.start B. started C. starting D. starts
8.A.anywhere B.everywhere C.somewhere D.some where
9.A.collect B.take C.gather D. prepare
10.A.have B.need C. own D. buy
11.A.or B. and C. either D. with
12.A.cold weather B. wet climate C. raining weather D. cold climate
13.A.call B. calls C.calling D. will call
14.A.have B.buy C.keep D. be with
15.A.One day B.A day C. One-day D. A-day
16.A.lonely B.lone C. loneliness D. alone
17.A.is far enough B. are far enough C. is enough far D. are enough far
18.A.walk B.walks C.walked D. walking
19.A.enjoy B.happy C.help D. love
20.A.maybe B.may be C. must be D. will be
答案：1～5 ABDBA 6～10 CCAAB 11～15 ACBAC 16～20 DADAB
二、閱讀理解
New Zealand is an English-speaking country. But the government recognizes another language, too. This is the Maori language. English sailors began to visit New Zealand after 1770. They found a dark-skinned people living there. These were the Maori. They had come from islands in the Pacific Ocean 400 years before -in the 14th century.
For a long time the British government was not very interested in there far away islands. It was made a British colony(殖民地) in 1840. In this year the first British people came to settle in the new country. More and more settlers came from Britain later.
The Maoris were friendly to the first settlers. But soon the new settlers wanted the Maoris 'land. So in 1844 there was fighting between them. This was the first of several wars between the two people. The next 50 years were very bad for Maoris. Many were killed in the wars. Many more died from the new diseases brought by the British. In 1840 there were perhaps 200 000 Maoris. By 1896 this number had fallen to 42 000.
By this century the two people have lived in peace. For many years the “British” New Zealanders looked down on the Maoris. But in recent years they have had equal rights, and the Maori language is one of the languages of the country with English. Today there are about a quarter of a million Maoris, that is, about 9% of the population. Most of them live on North Island. They have a rich culture and a great love of singing and dancing.
1. The Maoris began to live in New Zealand ________.
A. after 1770 B. before 400 C. in the 1300s D. 1 400 years ago
2. After the first visit to New Zealand, the British government showed little interest in it because ________.
A. there were dark-skinned people living there
B. New Zealand was an island country
C. the Maoris did not know the English language
D. it was too far away from Britain
3. When the British settlers first came to New Zealand, the native people________.
A. were afraid of them B. were kind to them
C. hated them D. fought against them
4. Wars between the Maoris and the British settlers _______
A. broke out in 1840
B. made 42 000 Maoris lost their lives
C. brought diseases to Maoris
D. lasted more than fifty years
5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. After the war New Zealand became a British colony.
B. Maoris can speak both English and Maoris language.
C. About 250 000 Maoris are now living in New Zealand.
D. Maoris are allowed to keep their own language.
答案：1-5 CDBDB
