2019考博英語翻譯技巧匯總

時(shí)間：2018-06-19 15:08:00 來源：無憂考網(wǎng) [字體：小中大]

【#博士入學(xué)考試# #2019考博英語翻譯技巧匯總#】有人說：“人人都可以成為自己的幸運(yùn)的建筑師�！痹改銈�?cè)谇靶械牡缆飞�，用自己的雙手建造幸運(yùn)的大廈。以下是©無憂考網(wǎng)為大家整理的《2019考博英語翻譯技巧匯總》供您查閱。

【篇一：分割結(jié)構(gòu)】

語法關(guān)系密切的兩個(gè)句子成分被其他句子成分分隔的現(xiàn)象稱為分割結(jié)構(gòu)。英語中，分割結(jié)構(gòu)的類型是多種多樣的。例如，英語句子的主語和謂語一般都緊密相聯(lián)，它們之間很少插入介詞等比較長(zhǎng)的結(jié)構(gòu)。但是，在有些情況下，或是為了保持句子的平衡，避免頭重腳輕，或是為了語義嚴(yán)密，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，在主語和謂語之間有時(shí)也會(huì)插入其他成分。此外，還有定語(或定語從句)與其中心詞被分隔;某些詞語與其所要求的介詞被分隔;動(dòng)詞與其賓語被分隔;介詞與其賓語被分隔等等�？傊⒄Z的分割應(yīng)遵循尾重原則(應(yīng)把長(zhǎng)而復(fù)雜的成分放在句末，使結(jié)構(gòu)勻稱)和句尾信息焦點(diǎn)原則(把新信息，即語意重點(diǎn)放在句末)。同時(shí)，在閱讀時(shí)要注意找出原來屬于一個(gè)整體部分的意義。

　　1. Most novelists and historians writing in the early to mid-twentieth century who considered women in the West, when they considered women at all, fell under Turner’s spell.

　　分析：本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：Most novelists and historians…fell under Turner’s spell. Turner 是美國(guó)歷史學(xué)家。under a spell：被迷住，著迷。writing in the early to mid-twentieth century who considered women in the West, when they considered women at all 修飾主語，起分割主謂的作用。而其中的狀語從句when they considered women at all 是定語從句who considered women in the West中的狀語成分。

　　譯文：從本世紀(jì)初到本世紀(jì)中葉從事寫作的小說家和歷史學(xué)家只要描寫婦女，就會(huì)描述西部婦女，而且都被特納迷住。

　　2. In the last eight years there were difficult, almost non-stop negotiations and reported threats of failure, ultimately overcome by a combination of creative compromise and stubborn determination—indeed, some call it unprecedented determination—to succeed.

　　分析：本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：…there were negotiations and…threats of failure�！皁vercome by…”是過去分詞短語，修飾 threats of failure。stubborn determination 和其定語動(dòng)詞不定式“to succeed”被“indeed, some call it unprecedented determination”分割。

　　譯文：在最后的八年里，進(jìn)行了艱苦卓絕的、幾乎是不間斷的談判，其間屢經(jīng)失敗之虞，但最終通過創(chuàng)造性的協(xié)調(diào)和要取得成功的頑強(qiáng)決心——確實(shí)有人稱之為前所未有的決心——而渡過難關(guān)，取得了勝利。

　　3. Abraham Lincoln is the most famous instance of the claim that Americans often made that in their country a man may rise from the lowest to the highest position.

　　分析：the claim 和其同位語 that in their country a man may rise from the lowest to the highest position 被 the claim 的定語從句that Americans often made 分割。同位語從句在翻譯時(shí)可按照順序翻譯，將其翻譯為分句。

　　4. The discovery of surplus value suddenly threw light on the problem, in trying to solve which all previous investigations, of both bourgeois economists and social critics, had been groping in the dark.

　　分析：in trying to solve插在 the problem 和定語從句which…之間，起到承上啟下的作用。of both bourgeois economists and social critics為investigations 的后置定語，起到分割作用。

　　譯文：由于剩余價(jià)值的發(fā)現(xiàn)，使問題明朗化了。而先前，無論資產(chǎn)階級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家還是社會(huì)批評(píng)家所從事的一切研究都只是在黑暗中摸索。

　　5. A better knowledge of China’s civilization would lay open to us an empire of learning, hitherto fabulously described.

　　分析：lay open 和 an empire of learning 被介詞短語 to us 分割。本句選自英國(guó)前首相撒切爾夫人1982年在中國(guó)歡迎宴會(huì)上的講話。翻譯時(shí)要注意轉(zhuǎn)譯的應(yīng)用。如把“better”譯為副詞“更好地”。

　　譯文：更好地了解中國(guó)的文明，將為我們打開一個(gè)知識(shí)的王國(guó)，對(duì)這個(gè)王國(guó)迄今只有神話般的描述。

　　6. It is the insistence, as a first consideration, upon the interdependence of the various elements in, and parts of, the United States—a recognition of the old and permanently important manifestation of the American spirit of the pioneer.

　　分析：insistence 后接upon the interdependence of the various elements in, and parts of, the United States, 中間被插入語as a first consideration 分割，做進(jìn)一步說明。該句選自美國(guó)前總統(tǒng)羅斯福在1933年的就職演說。漢語中動(dòng)詞用得較多，翻譯時(shí)可把名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為動(dòng)詞。

　　7. As they grow old, people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons: lack of physical and mental energy—both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away—and sentiment.

　　分析：該句包含了并列結(jié)構(gòu)被分割的情況。lack of physical and mental energy和sentiment 是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，作two other reasons的同位語。但是被非限定性定語從句both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away分割。

　　譯文：人們隨著日趨年邁，積存物品還有其他兩個(gè)原因：一是缺乏體力和精神，兩者在清理和扔掉無用之物時(shí)不可或缺，二是感情上的原因。

　　8. Those who believe in capital punishment may have arguments for its retention, but surely no reasonable argument can be found for retention of the sickening mumbo-jumbo that accompanies it from the moment that the judge dons the black cap with what looks like a pen-wiper balanced on the top of his wig, to the reading of the burial service over the condemned man before he is dead.

　　分析：這是一個(gè)由but引導(dǎo)的并列句。前一分句較簡(jiǎn)單，who引導(dǎo)的從句作those 的定語，but 后的從句較復(fù)雜，從句套從句，for retention…dead是argument的定語。因?yàn)樗容^長(zhǎng)，所以把謂語動(dòng)詞can be found放在它和argument之間，形成分割結(jié)構(gòu)。該句較長(zhǎng)，可以分為三層：第一層是those…retention，第二層是but…mumbo-jumbo，第三層是that accompanies…dead�；旧峡刹捎庙樞蚍ǚg。

　　譯文：那些相信死刑的人可能有保留死刑的理由，但是肯定找不到合理的論據(jù)來保留那令人厭惡的繁文縟節(jié)。這一套繁文縟節(jié)從法官戴上頂在假發(fā)上的擦筆布似的黑帽子宣判死刑之時(shí)開始，一直伴隨到為被判處死刑的人在其斃命之前誦讀葬禮禱文為止。

　　9. The second aspect is the application by all members of society, from the government official to the ordinary citizen, of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in the work.

　　分析：這是一個(gè)很典型的分割結(jié)構(gòu)。主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：The second aspect is the application…of the special methods of thought and action，application和修飾它的介詞短語被一個(gè)長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的by短語分割。

　　譯文：第二個(gè)方面是，社會(huì)上的一切成員，從政府部門中任工職的官員到普通公民，都應(yīng)運(yùn)用科學(xué)家們?cè)谘芯抗ぷ髦兴捎玫膶ｉT的思維方法和工作方法。

　　10.Old Henry and his wife Phoebe were as fond of each other as it is possible for two old people to be who have nothing else in this life to be fond of.

　　分析：連詞as 引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中，it 代替for two old people to be。to be 后省略了fond of each other。to be 做分割成分。

　　8. As they grow old, people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons: lack of physical and mental energy—both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away—and sentiment.

　　譯文：人們隨著日趨年邁，積存物品還有其他兩個(gè)原因：一是缺乏體力和精神，兩者在清理和扔掉無用之物時(shí)不可或缺，二是感情上的原因。

　　9. Those who believe in capital punishment may have arguments for its retention, but surely no reasonable argument can be found for retention of the sickening mumbo-jumbo that accompanies it from the moment that the judge dons the black cap with what looks like a pen-wiper balanced on the top of his wig, to the reading of the burial service over the condemned man before he is dead.

　　10. The second aspect is the application by all members of society, from the government official to the ordinary citizen, of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in the work.

【篇二：否定句】

英漢兩種語言在表達(dá)否定的方式和手段上有很大差別。比如說，英語中否定句的否定范圍具有不同的情況。因此，英語中的很多否定句都是有歧義的。在閱讀時(shí)只能通過上下文來得出正確的結(jié)論，排除歧義。此外，英語中否定句的重心也是閱讀中應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的問題。一般說來，從語法上來看，not與謂語動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，是否定謂語動(dòng)詞的;no與名詞連用時(shí)，是否定名詞的。但是，從否定的重心來看，卻并非如此。舉個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單例子：Don’t give up because it is difficult.這句話就只能理解為：不要因?yàn)槔щy就放棄。另外，還需要注意的是，不定代詞中的every、all、both以及副詞quite、always等，與否定詞結(jié)合時(shí)，不是全部否定，而是部分否定，即，不是“全不是”，而是“不全是”。以上所說的都是在閱讀否定句時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的問題，希望大家通過以下的例句仔細(xì)揣摩，認(rèn)真體會(huì)。

　　1. Certainly I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me. Nor do I teach because I think I know answers, or because I have knowledge I feel compelled to share.

　　分析：這句話主要涉及的是否定的范圍問題。如果把because從句排除在否定范圍之外，其意思為：“……因?yàn)槲矣X得教書容易，所以沒有教書……”(= …because teaching is very easy for me, I don’t teach…);如果把because從句包括在否定范圍之內(nèi)，則為：“……我之所以教書，并不是因?yàn)槲矣X得教書容易……”(=…I teach, but it isn’t because teaching is easy for me…)。雖然這兩句話的上下文表明，后一種理解更加符合邏輯，但是在實(shí)際的使用過程中，“not…because”這一結(jié)構(gòu)也有可能出現(xiàn)將because從句排除在否定范圍之外的情況。所以由此不難看出，because與否定詞連用時(shí)，根據(jù)上下文的不同常常有兩種含義。但是在具體的句子中，一般只有一種是符合邏輯的。

　　譯文：當(dāng)然，我之所以教書，并不是因?yàn)槲矣X得教書容易。我之所以教書，也不是因?yàn)槲艺J(rèn)為自己能夠解答問題，或者因?yàn)槲覞M腹學(xué)問，情不自禁地要與別人分享。

　　這句真經(jīng)典……都繞暈了……

　　2. When the lights came on again, hardly a person in the city can have turned on a switch without reflecting how great a servant he had at his fingertips.

　　分析：在這句話中，“hardly…without”構(gòu)成了“雙重否定”(double negation)。雖然只有without在詞形上具有明顯的否定特征，但是hardly(以及scarcely, barely, few, little等)雖然沒有明顯的否定特征，卻有否定的詞義。實(shí)際上，雙重否定表達(dá)的是肯定的意思，因此在翻譯成漢語時(shí)，既可以將原句按照兩個(gè)否定的形式表述出來，也可按照否定的語氣譯出。

　　譯文：電燈又亮了，該城的人們打開開關(guān)的時(shí)候，想必幾乎人人都會(huì)想到，電燈是隨時(shí)可供他們使用的多么有用的東西呀。

　　3. All that glitters is not gold.

　　分析：這是一個(gè)典型的“部分否定”(partial negation)的例子。高中時(shí)狒狒一直不明白�！癮ll…not”從表面上看來，往往會(huì)被當(dāng)作“全部否定”(total negation)，因而經(jīng)常被譯成“所有……都不……”。實(shí)際上，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)所表達(dá)的意思通常是“部分否定”的。意思相當(dāng)于“并不是所有……都……”。因此，遇到這種結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候，要根據(jù)上下文和邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析。

　　4. It’s a beautiful cottage not more than five minutes from the nearest beach.

　　分析：注意“not more than + 數(shù)詞(或名詞)”與“no more than + 數(shù)詞(或名詞)”這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)在意思和口氣上的差別。前者沒有什么特殊含義，只是客觀地表示“不超過”、“至多”等意思;而后者則帶有講話者的主觀看法或口氣，強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量之少或者事物之小以及微不足道。一般可以譯做“僅僅”、“只不過”等。

　　譯文：那是一幢漂亮的村舍，離最近的海灘僅5分鐘的路程。

　　5. There was the growing realization that for all their vastness, the resources to be found in the oceans and seas were not inexhaustible. One could not hunt whales at will without risking their extermination or catch herring limitlessly without threatening survival of the stock.

　　分析：that引導(dǎo)的從句that for all their vastness, the resources to be found in the oceans and seas were not inexhaustible是realization的同位語從句。介詞for相當(dāng)于in spite of。句子中的not inexhaustible為雙重否定結(jié)構(gòu)。第二句中也用了not without雙重否定結(jié)構(gòu)。有否定詞without的雙重否定結(jié)構(gòu)，翻譯時(shí)一般可以譯成肯定句。但是，在需要加強(qiáng)語氣的時(shí)候，也可以譯成雙重否定句。

　　譯文：人們?cè)絹碓秸J(rèn)識(shí)到，盡管海洋無邊無垠，但其資源并不是取之不盡用之不竭的。人們不可能隨心所欲地捕鯨而不使其遭致滅絕的危險(xiǎn)，或無限制地捕撈鯡魚而不威脅到該物種的繁衍生息。

　　6. One cannot be too careful in making the decision as it is such a critical case.

　　分析：在這句話中，cannot be too careful不能理解為“不能太謹(jǐn)慎”，因?yàn)槁?lián)系句子后半部分的狀語從句中來看，邏輯上是講不通的。實(shí)際上，“cannot be too…”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)雖然形式上為否定，但是意思上并非否定，而是起到一種加強(qiáng)肯定語氣的作用。通�？梢宰g做：“無論怎樣……也不會(huì)過分”、“越……越好”等，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的變形有“can never(或scarcely, hardly等)…too + adj.(或adv.)”等。

　　7. One private school served notice when it opened that “ no person shall be considered as eligible who shall not be moving in the circle of Gentlemen, no retail trader being allowed in any circumstances to be so considered.”

　　分析：該句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是“One private school served notice…”。名詞notice與其同位語從句“that “ no person shall be considered as eligible who shall not be moving in the circle of Gentlemen, no retail trader being allowed in any circumstances to be so considered”被 when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句分割。該句中no所表達(dá)的否定往往轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語動(dòng)詞上。

　　譯文：一所私立學(xué)校開學(xué)時(shí)發(fā)布通知說：“凡屬非紳士圈中者皆不得進(jìn)入本校，小商販決不予以考慮�！�

　　8. But we can hardly guess what the world will look like to men and women with several generations of communism behind them, who take the brotherhood of man for granted, not as an ideal to be aimed at, but a fact of life, and yet know that this brotherhood was only achieved by ghastly struggles.

　　分析：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。what the world will look like to men and women with several generations of communism behind them是guess的定語從句，what引導(dǎo)這個(gè)從句。該句中的we顯然指后面的men and women，所以翻譯時(shí)要靈活。

　　譯文：但對(duì)曾有過幾代共產(chǎn)主義思想的人們來說，將來的世界看上去將是什么樣子，人們還很難做出推測(cè)�，F(xiàn)在人們總是把他們之間的手足之情看作是理所應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)氖�，認(rèn)為生活本來就是這樣，而不是當(dāng)作理想的目標(biāo)來看待。然而，他們知道這種手足之情只有通過巨大的努力才能得到。

　　9. True, not everyone sees me as you saw me or even as I see myself; but deep down inside I have that marvelous feeling that comes from being an integrate whole person, not afraid of being just what I am.

　　分析：這是一個(gè)省略句，補(bǔ)全應(yīng)該是這樣的：It is true that …。兩個(gè)as都是連詞，意思是“像”、“如同”。deep down inside是but從句中的狀語，意思是“內(nèi)心深處”。that comes是feeling的定語從句。翻譯該句，要從that處斷開，把that從句譯成一個(gè)表示原因的狀語從句。省略的部分不需要增補(bǔ)。

【篇三：數(shù)字翻譯】

1)等值翻譯：

　　Eg. a drop in the ocean

　　滄海一粟

　　Eg. within a stone's throw

　　一箭之遙

　　Eg. ki11 two birds with one stone

　　一箭雙雕

　　Eg. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit..

　　吃一塹，長(zhǎng)一智。

　　2)不等值翻譯：

　　Eg. at sixes and sevens

　　亂七八糟

　　Eg. on second thoughts

　　再三考慮

　　Eg. by ones and twos

　　兩兩地，零零落落地

　　Eg. Two heads are better than one.

　　三個(gè)臭皮匠勝過諸葛亮。

　　Eg. --Can you come down a little? --Sorry, it's one price for all.

　　你能便宜一點(diǎn)賣嗎?對(duì)不起，不二價(jià).

　　Eg. He had one over the eight after be drank only half bottle of the wine.

　　他才喝了半瓶酒就醉得七歪八倒了。

【篇四：形容詞翻譯】

一、一些原義并無否定意思的形容詞和別的詞搭配有時(shí)可譯成否定句

　　1. These goods are in short supply.

　　這些貨物供應(yīng)不足。

　　2. This equation is far from being complicated.

　　這個(gè)方程一定也不復(fù)雜。

　　二、為了使譯文自然流暢，讀起來順口，在一些形容詞前可根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容加上副詞“很”、“最”等字

　　1. It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.

　　這是我度過最愉快的一天。

　　2. It is easy to compress a gas.

　　氣體很容易壓縮。

　　三、有時(shí)可將英語的“形容詞+名詞短語”譯成漢語的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)

　　1. She spoke in a high voice.

　　她講話聲音很尖。

　　2. This engine develops a high torque.

　　這臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)產(chǎn)生的轉(zhuǎn)矩很大。

　　四、如果一個(gè)名詞前有幾個(gè)形容詞修飾，英譯時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)漢語習(xí)慣決定其順序

　　1. a large brick conference hall

　　一個(gè)用磚砌的大會(huì)議廳

　　2. a plastic garden chair

　　一把在花園里用的塑料椅子

　　五、英語中一些表示知覺、情感、欲望等心理狀態(tài)的形容詞同連系動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語時(shí)，翻譯時(shí)可將形容詞譯成動(dòng)詞

　　1. You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying.

　　你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承擔(dān)的責(zé)任。

　　2. Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America.

　　類似的批評(píng)在他后來寫的評(píng)論美國(guó)的文章中屢見不鮮。

　　3. He is truly sorry for his past, and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever.

　　他誠(chéng)懇地懺悔過去，并保證永遠(yuǎn)不再玩汽車。

　　六、由于語言習(xí)慣不同，英語里的形容詞有時(shí)譯成漢語副詞

　　1. I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body.

　　我要對(duì)每一個(gè)人都親切、溫順、和善。

　　2. He asked me for a full account of myself and family.

　　他詳盡地問起我自己和我家里的情況。

　　3. Another war will be the absolute end of our country.

　　再來一次戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)將徹底毀滅我們這個(gè)國(guó)家。

　　從以上幾個(gè)方面可以看出，譯好形容詞是使譯文通順、流暢的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。

【篇五：被動(dòng)語態(tài)翻譯】

一、譯成漢語主動(dòng)句。

　　1.原句中的主語、謂語不變，譯文中沒有表示被動(dòng) 的標(biāo)志，如“被、把”字等，形式上是主動(dòng)句，表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。例如： Eg. On Practice has been translated into many foreign languages. 《實(shí)踐論》已譯成許多國(guó)家的文字。 Eg. The whole country was armed in a few days. 幾天以內(nèi)，全國(guó)就武裝起來了。

　　2.原句中的主語移到謂語之后，譯作賓語。 Eg. Another middle school has been set up in our district. 我們區(qū)又辦了一所中學(xué)。 Eg. 1，200 people had been saved soldiers in the earthquake. 在地震中，戰(zhàn)士們已救出1200人。

　　3.譯成帶表語的主動(dòng)句。 Eg. The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 進(jìn)攻的決定不是輕易作出的。 Eg. In the old society，women were looked down upon. 在舊社會(huì)，婦女們是受歧視的。

　　4.含主語從句的被動(dòng)句型譯為主動(dòng)句。以it作形式主語的英語句子，翻譯時(shí)常要轉(zhuǎn)為主動(dòng) 形式，有時(shí)可加上“有人”、“大家”、“我們” 等不確定主語。例如： Eg. It is reported that the enemy has been breeding new strains of killer viruses. 據(jù)報(bào)道敵人正在培育新的殺人病毒。 Eg. It is suggested that meeting be put off till next Monday. 有人建議會(huì)議推遲到下星期一舉行。 Eg. It is well known that natural light is actually made up of many colours. 眾所周知，自然光其實(shí)是由許多種顏色構(gòu)成的。

　　這類句型還有： it is said that... /It is supposed that.../It must be pointed out that.../It is asserted that.../ It is generally considered that...

　　二、譯成漢語被動(dòng)句

　　為了強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作或突出施動(dòng)者時(shí)，可以將英語被動(dòng)句譯為漢語被動(dòng)句。

　　1.漢語句中有“被”、“遭受”等詞。 Eg. North China was hit by an unexpected heavy rain，which caused severe flooding. 華北地區(qū)遭受了一場(chǎng)意外的大雨襲擊，引起了嚴(yán) 重的水災(zāi)。 Eg. The window pane was broken by the child. 窗上玻璃被這小孩打碎了。

　　2.譯成“為……所”的結(jié)構(gòu)。 Eg. Granny Wang was forced by familv circumstances to enter a knitting mill in Shanghai as a child labourer at the age of twelve. 王大媽為家境所迫，十二歲就到上海一家針織廠作童工。 Eg. I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card. 我為這些話所深深感動(dòng)，后來我就把它們寫在圣誕卡上了。三、譯成“招”、“使”和“由”字句

　　Eg. The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire. 大火使這家的旅館幾乎全部毀壞。 Eg. The plan is going to be examined first by the research group. 計(jì)劃將先由研究小組加以研究。 Eg. By evening the occupation was complete，and the people were chased off the streets by an eight o'clock curfew. 至傍晚，占領(lǐng)已告完成八點(diǎn)鐘開始的宵禁把人們從街上趕回家。四、譯成無主語句

　　Eg. Some measures must be taken to control the water pollution. 必須采取某些措施來控制水污染。 Eg. Methods are found to take these materials out of the rubbish and use them again. 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)找到了從垃圾中提取這些材料并加以利用的方法。

　　綜上所述，英語被動(dòng)句多數(shù)情況下譯成漢語的主動(dòng)句，只有在特別強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作或特別突出被動(dòng) 句才譯成漢語被動(dòng)句。我們要選一種既符合漢語習(xí)慣，又保持上下文連貫的譯法。同時(shí)，既要注意語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換的一般規(guī)則，也要注意其例外情況，有的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式已習(xí)語化了，更是不可忽視的。

【篇六：句翻譯法】

A)合譯法：把定語從句放在被修飾的詞語之前，從而將英語復(fù)合句翻譯成漢語單句。如：

　　Congress made public a survey of human rights in 105 countries that receive U.S. aid.

　　國(guó)會(huì)公布了關(guān)于接受美國(guó)援助的105個(gè)國(guó)家的人權(quán)情況調(diào)查報(bào)告。

　　B)分譯法：根據(jù)定語從句的不同情況，我們可以將其翻譯成并列分句、其它從句或獨(dú)立句等。如：

　　Anyone who stops absorbing new knowledge is certain to lag behind.

　　任何人如果停止吸取新知識(shí)，就肯定會(huì)落后。(翻譯為條件狀語從句)。

　　The strike would prevent the docking of ocean steamships which require assistance of tugboats.

　　罷工會(huì)使遠(yuǎn)洋航船不能靠岸，因?yàn)樗麄冃枰洗膸椭?翻譯成原因狀語從句)。

　　A geological prospecting engineer who had made a spectral analysis of ores discovered a new open-cut coalmine.

　　一位地質(zhì)勘探工程師對(duì)光譜進(jìn)行了分析之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的露天煤礦。(翻譯為時(shí)間狀語結(jié)構(gòu))。

　　The delivery of public services has tended to be an area where we decorate an obsolete process with technology.

　　公共服務(wù)的提供方式已趨陳舊，這正是我們必須采用技術(shù)加以裝備的領(lǐng)域。(翻譯為并列分句)。

　　We now live in a very new economy， a service economy， where relationships are becoming more important than physical products.

　　現(xiàn)在我們正生活于一種全新的經(jīng)濟(jì)，即服務(wù)性經(jīng)濟(jì)中，各種關(guān)系越來越比物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品更為重要。(翻譯為并列分句)。

　　The true measure of the danger is represented by the hazards we will encounter if we enter the new age of technology without first evaluating our responsibility to environment.

　　如果我們進(jìn)入了技術(shù)新時(shí)代而不首先估價(jià)我們對(duì)環(huán)境所負(fù)的責(zé)任，我們將遇到公害，這些公害將表明危險(xiǎn)真正達(dá)到了什么程度。

　　That our environment has little， if anything， to do with our abilities， characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.

　　這種理論的核心是，我們的環(huán)境同我們的才能、性格特征和行為即使有什么關(guān)系的話，也是微不足道的。(原來的謂語，在譯文中變成了在前的主語。)(真題示范)。

　　Aid is only partial recompense for what the superior economic power of the advanced countries denies us through trade.

　　先進(jìn)國(guó)家用優(yōu)勢(shì)力量，通過貿(mào)易剝削我們，其援助只不過是部分償還而已。

　　Behaviorists， in contrast， say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of may of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy.

　　相反，行為主義者認(rèn)為，成績(jī)的差異是由于黑人往往被剝奪了白人在教育及其他環(huán)境方面所享有的許多有利條件。(in contrast在原文句中，翻譯成漢語后放在句首。)(真題示范)。

【篇七：主語從句翻譯法】

A)以that， what， who， where， whatever等代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句，可以將從句翻譯成“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

　　It is important that science and technology be pushed forward as quickly as possible.

　　重要的是要把科學(xué)技術(shù)搞上去。

　　Whoever breaks the law will be punished.

　　凡是犯法的人都要受到法律的制裁。(主語從句與主句合譯成簡(jiǎn)單句，按順序譯出)

　　B)也可以譯成“主-謂-賓”結(jié)構(gòu)，從句本身做句子的主語，其余部分按原文順序譯出。如：

　　Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之)often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.

　　政府究竟是以犧牲對(duì)技術(shù)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入來增加對(duì)純理論科學(xué)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入，還是相反，這往往取決于把哪一方看作是驅(qū)動(dòng)的力量。(真題示范)。

　　C)分譯法：把原來的狀語從句從整體結(jié)構(gòu)中分離出來，譯成另一個(gè)相對(duì)獨(dú)立得單句。如：

　　It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security.

　　這個(gè)局勢(shì)對(duì)國(guó)際安全是個(gè)威脅，這樣的說法是完全正確的。(It是形式主語，that this situation is a threat to international security是真正的賓語)。

【篇八：賓語從句翻譯法】

由that， what， how， where等詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句一般按照原文順序翻譯，即順譯法。如：

　　Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged.

　　科學(xué)家們有理由認(rèn)為人可以忍受遠(yuǎn)超過0.1雷姆的輻射而不受傷害。

　　We wish to inform you that we specialize in the export of Chinese textiles and shall be glad to enter into business relations with you on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.

　　我公司專門辦理中國(guó)紡織品出口業(yè)務(wù)，并愿在平等互利的基礎(chǔ)上同貴公司建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系。

【篇九：倍數(shù)句型及其譯法】

英語表示倍數(shù)增減或倍數(shù)對(duì)比的句型多種多樣，其中有一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等，見圈碼)很容易譯錯(cuò)——其主要原因在于：英漢兩語在表述或?qū)Ρ缺稊?shù)方面存在著語言與思維差異�，F(xiàn)將常用的英語倍數(shù)句型及其正確譯法歸納如下：

　　倍數(shù)增加

　　(一) A is n times as great(long，much，…)as B.(①).

　　A is n times greater (longer， more，…)than B.(②).

　　A is n times the size (length， amount，…)of B.(③).

　　以上三句都應(yīng)譯為;A的大小(長(zhǎng)度，數(shù)量，……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(長(zhǎng)，多，……)n-1倍].

　　Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than，threetimes the length of )that one.

　　這本書的篇幅是那本書的3倍(即長(zhǎng)兩倍)。

　　注：當(dāng)相比的對(duì)象B很明顯時(shí)，than(as，of)B常被省去。

　　(二)increase to n times(④).

　　increase n times/n-fold(⑤).

　　increase by n times(⑥).

　　increase by a factor of n(⑦).

　　以上四式均應(yīng)譯為：增加到n倍(或：增加n-1倍)。

　　Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three timesas compared with last year.

　　集成電路的產(chǎn)量比去年增加了兩倍。

　　Eg. The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as againstl986.

　　化肥產(chǎn)量比1986年增加了4倍。

　　Eg. That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times.

　　那可使代謝率提高到原來的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。

　　Eg. The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four.

　　漏電壓增加了3借(即增加到原來的4倍)。

　　注：在這類句型中increase常被raise，grow，go/step up，multiply等詞所替代。

　　(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧)應(yīng)譯為：增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。這個(gè)句型還有其它一些形式：

　　Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported.

　　據(jù)報(bào)道，價(jià)值破記錄地增長(zhǎng)了3倍。

　　(四)double (增加1倍)，treble(增加2倍)，quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨).

　　Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled.

　　這些機(jī)器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。

　　(五)此外，英語中還有一種用again而不用倍數(shù)詞來比較倍數(shù)的方法，如：

　　A is as much (large，long，…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large，long，…)as .

　　B.(⑩)

　　應(yīng)譯為：A比B多(大，長(zhǎng)，……)1倍。

　　A is half as much (large， 1ong，…)again as B.

　　「= A is one and a half times as much (large， 1ong，…)as B.」(11).

　　應(yīng)譯為：A比B多(大，長(zhǎng)……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。

【篇十：英語中的廢物之說】

1、litter：并不是真正意義上的廢物，而是用后散置的"雜物"，相當(dāng)于odds and ends，或索性說是殘余物(leavings)Always pick up your litter after a picnic.

　　2、waste：真正的廢物，美國(guó)人常用trash，此字還有"殘屑"、或"垃圾"之意。

　　垃圾簍美國(guó)人用trash can;英國(guó)用dustbin.美國(guó)人把南方的窮苦白人叫the (poor) white trash;可見，此詞又可作"無價(jià)值的人或物"解釋。

　　That book is mere trash.

　　3、rubbish：范圍廣，真正的廢物。也可表驚嘆"Rubbish(胡說!)"英國(guó)人常說：That book is all rubbish.

　　4、廚房殘屑：kitchen refuse或refuse：此詞做廢物或無用之物講，但一般指固體廢物，不指可排泄的垃圾。

　　5、到垃圾的地方：a dumping ground; a dumping-place for rubbish; a rubbish dump.

　　6、junk：垃圾、廢物。原意是"破爛貨".

　　His writing is all junk.

　　7、廢人、社會(huì)渣滓：human waste; debris; dregs of population; off-scourings of humanity; dross of mankind; hoboHe is now a "has-been"(他現(xiàn)成了廢物)=He outlived his usefulness.

【篇十一：英語倍數(shù)減少譯法】

(一)A is n times as small (light，slow，…)as B.(12).

　　A is n times smaller (lighter， slower，…) than B.(13).

　　以上兩句均應(yīng)譯為：A的大小(重量，速度，……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(輕，慢，……)(n-1)/n].

　　Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom.

　　氫原子的重量約為氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子約輕15/16)。

　　Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper.

　　這種薄膜比普通紙張要薄一半(即是普通紙厚度的1/2)。

　　注：當(dāng)相比的對(duì)象B很明顯時(shí)，than/as B常被省去。

　　(二)decrease n times/n——fold (14).

　　decrease by n times(15).

　　decrease by a factor of n(16).