【一】
1.wish希望
wish to do sth.
wish sb. to do sth.
Wish that…
注意： 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬形式， 可以表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在/當(dāng)時(shí);過去;未來的“希望”
eg. I wish that I were five years old.
I wish that I had studied hard before.
I wish that I could walk in space some day.
wish sb. sth.
Eg. I wish you good luck.
2. Which do you think is the most important?
Do you think 是插入語，不影響句子的整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)。Do you think 插入到疑問句中， 句子應(yīng)使用陳述句語序。
Eg. How much do you think I should pay for the book?
3. if so倘若是(那樣的話)……
eg. If so , I won’t ask you for help.
4.How do you improve society?
society“社會(huì)”，使用時(shí)不加冠詞。
Eg. The thief is dangerous to society.
5. It is likely that many of them will be born in …
likely 是形容詞， 與possible 意思相同， 但possible只可用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)：it is possible that…;likely還可：sb. be likely to do
eg. He is likely to win the game.
6. It is home to the Chinese Academy of Sciences and more than ten famous universities, including Peking University and Tsinghua University
include“包括”，指“部分包含”，劃線部分還可以：
Peking University and Tsinghua University included
contain意思是(全部)容納
Eg. I lost my wallet which contained 200 dollars, including two coins.
7. set up建立， 指“搭建并成立”
eg. We set up a new school and the students there were very happy.
put up單純指“搭建”
Eg. They put up a new house.
found “成立， 建立”，尤指“國家、組織等”的建立
Eg. The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.
8. in the late 1990’s在二十世紀(jì)90年代后期，在年代前的冠詞the不能省略。
9.They all share the spirit of…
spirit“精神，靈魂”是不可數(shù)名詞;
spirits“情緒”，固定要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Eg. The students are in high spirits.
10. …made Zhongguancun a success.
success“成功”，是一個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞
Eg. Failure is the mother of success.失敗是成功之母。
a success 意思是“一件成功的事/一個(gè)成功的人物”
succeed 是動(dòng)詞
succeed in doing sth. 介詞in不可省略
11. …is one of those who have returned to China after studying and working abroad.
abroad 是副詞。副詞作定語需后置。
Eg. I have a lot of friends at home and abroad.我有很多國內(nèi)國外的朋友。
go abroad出國
12.…and work with some of the top scientists…
top scientists 優(yōu)秀、頂尖的科學(xué)家
top students 好學(xué)生，尖子生
13.come true 實(shí)現(xiàn)
eg. My dream came true.
come此處是系動(dòng)詞。有些常作為行為動(dòng)詞的詞也可作系動(dòng)詞。
Eg. go hungry 挨餓
go bad 變質(zhì)
14.rely on =depend on 依賴，依靠
15. Not all the new companies can succeed.并非所有的公司都能成功。
All\both\everyone\everything用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)中表示部分否定。
Eg. Not everyone likes the film.并非每個(gè)人都喜歡這個(gè)電影。
16.We are not making that much money yet.
That此處相當(dāng)于so, 表程度。
17.aim at把目標(biāo)投在……
此處aim是動(dòng)詞，aim也可作名詞.
18. prove“證明”，多作系動(dòng)詞，不用被動(dòng)
It proved (to be )correct.
【同步練習(xí)題】
I. 單項(xiàng)填空
1. The boss is not _____ to agree _____ such a plan.
A. like, with B. likely, to C. possible, on D. possibly, to
2. In time of difficulty, he had no one _____.
A. to rely on B. to be relied on C. relying on D. being relied on
3. These students go to school every day, Sunday _____.
A. including B. included C. contained D. containing
4. These road signs made _____ easy _____ drivers to find their destinations.
A. that, for B. that, of C. it, of D. it, for
5. Finally their childhood dream _____.
A. come true B. come truly C. came true D. came truly
6. The dictionary _____ very useful when I learned English.
A. is proved B. proves C. proved D. was proved
7. They should not allow _____ in the narrow street.
A. to park B. parking C. to stop D. stoping
8. Tom, as well as his grandparents, _____ been to Japan three times.
A. has B. have C. had D. having
9. They _____ a small laboratory and devoted every spare moment to this work.
A. sent up B. set up C. putted up D. built up
10. The company moved to the south in the _____ 1980s.
A. late B. later C. latter D. latest
11. The proposal _____ at the last meeting was discussed again today.
A. was put forward B. had been put forward
C. put forward D. which put forward
12. How can I _____ such a difficult situation?
A. do with B. deal with C. deal in D. do up
13. “Not all of the questions are easy to answer.” means _____.
A. All of the questions are not easy to answer
B. None of the questions is easy to answer
C. Most of the questions are hard to answer
D. Only a few of the questions are easy to answer
14. We were _____ happy to hear about your success.
A. rather than B. other than C. less than D. more than
15. I left him, determined never to _____ foot _____ that house again.
A. set, in B. put, on C, lay, in D. place, on
16. We don’t have this kind of shoes _____.
A. in shop B. in store C. in business D. in use
17. Growing corn doesn’t need _____ growing rice.
A. as much water as B. as much water like
C. much water as D. too much water as
18. Is this the reason _____ he gave for being late?
A. why B. what C. when D. that
19. ---Whose advice do you think I should take?
---_____.
A. You speak B. That’s it C. It’s up to you D. You got it
20. I can guess you were in a hurry. You _____ your sweater inside out.
A. had worn B. wore C. are wearing D. were wearing
答案與解析：
單項(xiàng)填空
1～5：BABDC 6～10：CBABA 11～15：CBADA 16～20：BADCC
解析：
1.be likely to 可能;agree to +plan, 同意(計(jì)劃)，此處to是介詞
2.rely on依靠， 依賴，此處是不定式作定語。
4.It此處作形式賓語，for drivers to find…是不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
8.此句的謂語與Tom保持一致，類似這樣結(jié)構(gòu)的還有：together with, including, like…,這是主謂一致的知識(shí)。
11.此處put forward是過去分詞作定語，修飾主語the proposal
12. deal with 與how搭配;do with 與what搭配
13. 選項(xiàng)A只是表述形式發(fā)生了變化， 但意思沒變。
18.先行詞the reason在定語從句中作賓語，所以選用關(guān)系代詞that,當(dāng)the reason在定語從句中作狀語時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞why。
19. It’s up to you.取決于你。/由你來定。
【二】
1. The French writer Jules Verne wrote famous books, such as 20, 000 Leagues Under the Sea and Around the World in 80 days.法國作家儒勒•凡爾納寫了很多書籍，比如《海底兩萬里》和《八十天環(huán)游地球》。
(1)Jules Verne 儒勒•凡爾納。法國科學(xué)幻想家和冒險(xiǎn)小說家。
(2)such as
①like; for example 像;諸如;例如 eg:
Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare.
蘭花和報(bào)春花之類的野花越來越少了。
②everything that凡是 eg:
Such as remains after tax will be yours when I die.
我死后全部財(cái)產(chǎn)除了交稅以外全部給你。
(3)league [li g] n.
① former measure of distance (about 3 miles or 4.8 km) 里格(舊時(shí)長度單位，約3英里或4.8公里)。 eg:
The horse can run 50 leagues a day. 這匹馬一天能跑240公里。
②group of people or countries combined for a particular purpose 聯(lián)盟;同盟 eg:
The League of Nations is an international organization.
國際聯(lián)盟是一個(gè)國際組織。
2. Try the small science quiz below to see if you know any better. 試試下面的科學(xué)小測驗(yàn)，看看你是否了解得多些。
any better 更好
any [′anI] adv. (used with faster, slower, better, etc. , in questions and after if/whether 用于疑問句中，與faster, slower, better等連用;用于if/whether之后)to any degree; at all在任何程度上;絲毫 eg:
I can’t run any faster. 我無法跑得更快了。
Is your father any better? 你父親有所好轉(zhuǎn)了嗎?
3. What is the distance from the earth to the moon? 地球到月球的距離是多少?
(1) distance [′dIst ns] n. [C, U]
① (amount of) space between two points or places 距離;間距
A good cyclist can cover a distance of over a hundred miles a day.
自行車騎得好的人一天可以行駛一百多英里。
②distant place or point 遠(yuǎn)處;遠(yuǎn)方 eg:
At a distance of six miles you can’t see much.
距離六英里以外的東西很難看清。
(2) at a distance (稍)遠(yuǎn)處，表示一定的距離，近距離或用以說明具體的距離，其不定冠詞a有時(shí)可以略去或改用some。 eg:
This picture looks better at a distance. 這幅畫遠(yuǎn)看就好些。
(3) in the distance (far away) 在(較)遠(yuǎn)處，強(qiáng)調(diào)距離之遠(yuǎn)。 eg:
They were expecting to see in the distance some signs of the enemy.
他們期望著發(fā)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)處敵人的跡象。
(4) keep sb. at a distance 與某人保持一定距離;不愿與某人親近 eg:
He always keeps anyone at a distance. 他總是不愿與任何人親近：
4. How fast does a balloon travel? How about an airplane? How about a space shuttle?
一只氣球能走多快?一架飛機(jī)呢?還有一架航天飛機(jī)呢?
(1)ballon [b ′lu n] ①n. brightly-coloured rubber bag that is filled with air, used as a child’s toy or a decoration(用作玩具或裝飾品的)氣球 eg:
They bought their son a lot of balloons yesterday.
昨天他們給他們的兒子買了很多氣球。
②v. swell out like a balloon 如氣球一般膨脹 eg:
Her skirt ballooned in the wind. 她的裙子讓風(fēng)吹得鼓起來了。
③go ballooning 乘氣球 eg:
They like to go ballooning at weekends. 他們周末喜歡乘氣球玩。
(2)How/What about …?……怎么樣?常常用來打聽消息或提出建議，征求對(duì)方意見，后接名詞，代詞或動(dòng)名詞。 eg:
How about your mother? Does she feel better today?
你媽媽怎么樣聽?她今天覺得好點(diǎn)兒了嗎?
(3)space shuttle—spacecraft designed for repeated use, eg between earth and a space station or the moon 航天飛機(jī);太空穿梭機(jī) eg:
I have never seen a space shuttle. 我從未看見過航天飛機(jī)。
【同步練習(xí)題】
I.在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~
l.嚇得要命_______________
2.驚慌失措_______________
3.豎立，直立_______________
4. use…for... _______________
5.引起某人注意_______________
6.在……山腳下_______________
7.沒有出路_______________
8.取;接;需求;要求________
9.使停止往前，往回走，折轉(zhuǎn)，擋住
_______________
10. upon arrival_______________
11. give impression of _____________
12.點(diǎn)燃_______________
13. with the kitchen fire still on ____
14.與其……倒不如……________
15.挑選_______________
16. one thing... , another... _______
17. spring to life_______________
18.清理______________
19.省去，遺漏，不考慮_________
20. turn round _______________
21.到船上，在船上_______________
22.跟著來，開始，上演__________
23.接連打擊(指拳擊)，(浪等)反復(fù)沖擊(船只);粗暴對(duì)待____________
24. all of a sudden_______________
25. do for_______________
26. done for _______________
27.立即，馬上_______________
28.伸出，提供，維持，阻止，制止__
Ⅱ.用課文里學(xué)過的詞填空
1. The darker cloud __ him __ go outside and have a look.
2. My mother __ my uncle's attention __ the unusual sight.
3. You are standing ___that I can't hear you.
4. Whether he dared go out alone ___ courage.
5. His behavior ___ us __ that he was kind and helpful.
Ⅲ.根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子
1.SARS是有點(diǎn)令人害怕，但我真的不害怕。
SARS was ______________, but I was not really ______________
2.我朋友說他害怕得要死。
My friend said he was_______________.
3.臺(tái)風(fēng)把屋頂都吹走了。
The typhoon ________ the roofs ____________ their houses.
4.沙粒和塵土被吹到空中。
Sand and dust _______________ into the air.
5.那條爬行的蛇使他毛骨悚然。
The moving snake ______________his___________________.
參考答案：
I.在空白處填人一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~
1. be scared to death
2. get into panic
3. stand on end
4. 當(dāng)……使用
5. draw one's attention
6. at the foot of
7. no way out
8. call for
9. turn back
10. 一到達(dá)就
11. 感到
12. light up
13. 廚房的火還燃著
14. more.., than ....
15. pick out
16. 一方面……另外一方面
17. 復(fù)活
18. clean up
19. leave out
20. 突然地
21. on board
22. come on
23. knock about
24. 突然地
25. 照料;設(shè)法弄到
26. 精疲力竭
27. all at once
28. hold out
Ⅱ.用課文里學(xué)過的詞填空
1. awoke, to 2. drew, to 3. at such a distance 4. called for 5. gave, the impression
Ⅲ.根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子
1. a bit scary, afraid
2. sacred to death
3. pulled, off
4. were swept up
5. made, hair stand on end
