【一】
一.重點詞匯
1.preference n.偏愛;優(yōu)先eg：Wine or beer?which is your preference?要葡萄酒還是啤酒?你比較喜歡哪一樣?
I have a preference for French films.我更喜歡法國電影。
相關鏈接：prefer噸更喜歡preferable adj.更好一些(和to連用) preferably ado.好是用法拓展.have a preference for偏愛…… show/gire(a)preference for偏愛……
have a preference of sth.to/over,..寧要某物而不要另一物
in preference to優(yōu)先于……;喜愛甚于……特別提醒;prefer是preference的動詞形式，其搭配為：
prefer sth./doing sth.to sth./doing sth.喜歡……而不喜歡
prefer to do…rather than do…寧愿干……而不愿干……
2.design v&n.設計;打算給……用 eg：
He is designing a house f6r his frl’end.他正給他的朋友設計房子。
The road was not designed for heavy lrucks.這公路不是為重型卡車設計的。
用法拓展：design…f0 r…為某人設計…… .
be dem。gned for/to do…目的是……，打算給……用 一
by design故意地 have designs on/against…對……別有用心特別提醒：design當“目的是……;打算給……用”講時，多用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)。
3.belong vi.屬于;是……成員 eg：She belongs to this school.她是這個學校的成員。 China belongs to the third world.中國屬于第三世界。
相關鍵接;belongings n.(復)所有物，財產(chǎn)用法拓展：belong to sb.屬于某人的特別提醒：
(1)belong to后面接名詞的普通格.不接所有格：后接代詞時用賓格，不用名詞性物主代詞。
(2)beIong to沒有被動語態(tài)，不用于進行時態(tài)。
4.impress vt.銘刻，給……極深印象;使感動eg： What impressed me is the beauty of the scenery there.使我印象深刻的是那兒美麗的風景。 The book tmpressed a lot of people.那本書在很多人心中留下深刻印象。 My father impressed on me the importaflce of work.父親要我銘記工作的重要性。
相關鏈接：impression n.印象，感覺impressive adj.給人留下深刻印象的用法拓展：impress sth.on sth.在……上印……tmpress sth.with sth.用……印…
be impressed by/at/with被深深打動 be impressed on曲.使某人銘記… make a…impression on…對……留下…印象
5.despitpe prep.不管，不顧;任憑eg：
He came to the meeting despite his serious illness.
他木顧重病還是來出席了會議。
He is very active despite his age.他年紀雖大.卻很活躍。
用法拓展：despile=in spite of盡管though(althougll)盡管.雖然特別提醒：①despitein spite of但比in spite of更正式。②despite(in spite of) 是介詞.后接名詞(動名詞.代詞)而though、although是連詞.連接句子。
③as con).引導一個讓步狀語從句.句子須部分倒裝。④whik conj“盡管”引導一個讓步狀語從句。
6.taste vt嘗……味道 vi.嘗起來.吃起來 n情趣。鑒賞力eg;
can you taste anything strange in this soup?你嘗得出這湯有什么怪味嗎?
The soup tastes delicious.這湯很可口。
The girl has a taste for music.這女孩對音樂感興趣。
相關鏈接：tasty adj.美味的，可口的 a tasty meaI一頓美餐用法拓展：have a taste for對……喜歡 to one's taste按口味.合口味特別提醒;taste作系動詞用后面須接形容詞作表語;無被動語態(tài)和進行時態(tài)。
二、重點短語
7.fill up with用……裝滿 eg：
Birds fill up the spaces between the branehes of their nests with soft materials.
鳥用柔軟的材料填滿鳥巢之間的空間。
相關鏈接：fuIl“adj.充滿的用法拓展：fill…with…用……裝滿……一be filled with be fuIl of裝滿……fill in…填入.填空
特別提醒：be filled with用……裝滿.be fuIl of裝滿……，這兩個短語中特別注意介詞，不要用混。
8.set.一aside把……置于一旁.留出，撥出 eg：
Ive set aside some money for this journey.我為這趟旅行存了一些錢。
Let's set aslde our personal feelings.我們先暫時拋開個人情感。
用法拓展：put aside節(jié)省(錢，時間).儲存……備用
step aslde避開.退讓.站到一邊take aside把……叫到一邊
三、重點交際用語
9.I can't stand.”我不能忍受……eg：she can't startd the pam.她無法忍受那種痛苦。
we can't stand being made fun of.我們無法忍受被別人嘲弄。
用法拓展：can't stand+n /pron 不能忍受……can't stand+doing不能忍受……特別提醒：stand當”承受.忍受”講.通常用于否定句和疑問句，不可用于進行時，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。
四、重點句型
10.with+0+0C with的復合結(jié)構(gòu) eg：
with the door open he sIept Iast m’ght.昨天晚上他開著門睡覺。
With the boy leadmg the way.we had no difficulty finding his house.
有孩子帶路.我們沒費事就找到了他的家。
用法拓展：with+賓語+形容詞 with+賓語十副詞with+賓語一介詞短語with十賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞 with十賓語+過去分詞 with十賓語+不定式
特別提醒:with后面的賓語和賓補之間若是主動關系，用doing或to do;若是被動關系.則用done。
五、詞語辨析
11.create，make.produce，invent四個詞都含有“創(chuàng)造”的意思
(1)create指“有目的地把原材料制成新產(chǎn)品”;也指“創(chuàng)造出原來不存在或與眾不同的事物”。 eg：
We've created a new building out of an old ruin.我們從舊廢墟上創(chuàng)建了一幢新樓。
(2)invent指“通過想像，研究，勞動，創(chuàng)造出前所未有的東西”，尤指“科技上的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造”。 eg：
Edison invented the light bulb.愛迪生發(fā)明了電燈泡。
(3)make是常用詞，指“用勞動創(chuàng)造、生產(chǎn)、形成或組成”某事物。 eg：
AIl kinds of machine tools are made in this factory.這家工廠制造各種機床。
(4)produce指“通過勞動加工而生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品”，尤指“工農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品”。 eg：
We must produce more food for ourselves and import less.我們必須增產(chǎn)食品，減少進口。
【同步練習題】
1. The Suez Canal would soon _____ mud if not regularly cleared.
A. dies out B. use up C. fill up with D. die away
2. He has never liked meat, and has always had a(n)_____ for vegetables and fruit.
A. perspiration B. feeling C. idea D. preference
3. It’s time for supper. Please _____ your books aside so that we can use the table for supper.
A. take B. bring C. set D. carry
4. He doesn’t have enough money to buy a house. That’s why he is going to _____ a room for himself not far from his office.
A. hire B. build C. supply D. rent
5. _____ all his riches, the king was never satisfied.
A. However B. Though C. Despite D. Although
6. His words are strongly impressed _____ my memory.
A. in B. with C. for D. on
7. Don’t forget to _____ me about it tomorrow.
A. remember B. wake C. ask D. remind
8. Here are two hotels near here _____.
A. under construction B. under the construction
C. in construction D. in the construction
9. This room was designed _____ children.
A. at B. to C. of D. for
10. She had a_____ idea that I was poisoning her.
A. favorite B. reasonable C. fantastic D. popular
【試題答案】
1. C 蘇伊士運河如果不定期清理，很快會塞滿淤泥。Fill up with：塞滿，填充
2. D 他一直偏愛蔬菜水果。preference：偏愛
3. C 把書放到邊上騰出桌子吃飯。Set aside：把…置于一旁。
4. D 他將要在離他的單位不遠的地方租房子。
5. C despite：后接名詞或代詞;though或although后接從句。
6. D be impressed on…：給……留下印象。
7. D remind sb. about sth.：提醒某人某事
8. A under construction：在建設中。
9. D be designed for…為…而設計
10. C根據(jù)句意應該是a fantastic idea：荒誕的想法。
【二】
1.做主語：-般來說，不定式和動名詞成份相同時，表示客觀性、一般性行為為多用動名詞表示，而表示性、具體性行為則多用不定式。
Looking after children is her job.
To clean the classroom is his job today.
2.做賓語：
I like swimming, but I don't like to swim today because I don't feel well.
(1).有些動詞只能接不定式做賓語，這些動詞接上不定式，含有明顯的主觀性和將來性意義。如：help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem)，等等。
He refused to speak on the radio.
He desired to see you.
(2)..有些動詞只接動名詞做賓語，這些動詞接上動名詞，含有明顯的"依據(jù)往事或經(jīng)驗來作出理解和判斷"的意思。mind，finish，enjoy，suggest，permit，appreciate，consider，miss，dislike，keep(on)，avoid，permit，imagine，risk，escape，admit，stand(忍受)，allow，forbid，excuse，等等。
短語動詞：give up，put off，look forward to，feel like，insist on，object to，prevent…from，set about，can't help，be/get used to等
短語：be worth doing，be no good doing，be no use doing，be busy doing等
The mother did agree to let the boy risk swimming across the river.
She can't stand having nothing to do at home.
His wife doesn't allow smoking inside the room and often advised him to give up smoking.
All the family insisted on my staying with them a few days longer.
It's no good learning without practicing.
I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon.
She doesn't feel like eating anything，being ill for a few days.
(3).有些動詞后面既可接不定式，又可接動名詞，其意義基本相同，區(qū)別不大。如;like，love，hate，delay，continue，attempt(企圖)，afford(提供)，prefer.omit(省略)，begin，start.
The Einsteins, however, could not afford to pay for(or：paying for)the advanced education that young Albert needed.
I prefer staying (to stay) at home on Sunday.
注意：begin和start本身為進行時，或后面動詞為心理變化意義的動詞時，須接不定式。
When we came in, they were beginning to have supper.
After his explanation, I began to understand it / realize that I was wrong.
(4).有些詞后面既可以接不定式.亦可接動名詞，但其意義有很大區(qū)別，須特別注意：
A.remember，forget，regret接動名詞，表示完成意義(=having done)，接不定式，表示將來意義：
Please remember to bring me the book I want next time.
I remember seeing her (=having seen her) somewhere before.
Don't forget to write to me soon.
I never forget visiting (=having visited) them for the first time.
I regret missing that good film last week.(后悔干……事)
I regret not taking (not having taken) your advice.
I regret to say I can't take your advice. (遺憾=be sorry)
B.mean：mean to do=want to do打算，想要……;mean doing：意味著，就是
I am sorry, I didn't mean to hurt your feelings，
I meant to call on you, but I was so busy.
Learning a foreign language doesn't mean just working in class.
C.stop：stop to do停下來，要干另一件事，不定式作目的狀語;stop doing停止干……，動名詞作賓語。
After some time, they stopped walking and had a rest.
After walking some time, they stopped to have a rest.
D.try：try to do，努力，試圖干……事;try doing：試著干……事
He searched everywhere and tried to find his key.
He came to the city from the countryside and tried to find a job.
The mother is out and the boy had to try cooking for himself.
They tried to succeed and tried doing their experiments again and again.
E.want，need，require接動名詞表示被動意義，表示"需要、該……";接不定式，表示"想，要干……"
The room wants cleaning.
The bike requires repairing.
These young trees require looking after.
The matter needs thinking over.(=to be thought over)
A Mr. Wang wants to see you.
You don't need to leave so early.
F.go on：go on to do繼續(xù)干和原來不同的另一件事，不定式作目的狀語。
go on doing繼續(xù)干原來同一件事，動名詞作賓語。
After a smoke，he went on telling us that interesting story.
After writing his English composition he went on to work out his maths problems.
G.動詞advise，allow，permit，forbid后面接單賓語時用動名詞，接復合賓語時用動詞不定式。
Doctors advise giving up smoking to benefit one's health.
The doctor advised him to give up smoking so as to improve his health.
She doesn't allow (permit) smoking in her room.=She doesn't allow (permit)anyone to smoke in her room.
Parking is forbidden here.=Any cars not permitted to park here.
3.做賓補：
不定式可以表示性、具體性行為，以及將來意義的行為。現(xiàn)在分詞可以表示當時正在發(fā)生的進行意義的行為，亦可表示-個持續(xù)時間的延續(xù)性的行為動作。過去分詞可以表示完成意義的行為或狀態(tài)，及物動詞的過去分詞亦有被動意義，不及物動詞的過去分詞仍是主動意義。
When I came in, I saw her dancing happily.
I often hear her sing songs in English in her room.
They had the lights burning all night long.
I saw Li Ping pass by and enter the next room just now.
The mother will have the doctor examine her son again.
Tomorrow I'll have my hair cut.
When I got home I found the window broken and the thief gone away already.
When they returned to their hometown, after an absence of twenty years, they found everything changed.
4.做表語：
不定式和動名詞做表語解釋主語內(nèi)容，且可以和主語顛倒，意思仍然通順，回答what的問題。它們有時存在經(jīng)常性和性行為的區(qū)別，分詞做表語表明主語的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài)，不能和主語顛倒，可以回答how的問題。
Her job is cleaning offices.(What is her job?) (Cleaning offices is her job.)
Our job today is to clean the office.(=To clean the office is our job today.)
The news is very exciting.(How is the news?)
They are very tired after a long walk.
The door is locked now.
The children are well dressed these days.
5.做定語：
不定式做定語與先行詞有動賓、主謂和解釋先行詞內(nèi)容等關系。在時態(tài)上常是將來意義，現(xiàn)在分詞做定語是現(xiàn)在時或進行時態(tài)意義;過去分詞做定語則是完成時態(tài)意義。此外，不定式做定語時只能后置，不可前置，而單個分詞做定語可前置，分詞短語做定語則須后置。動名詞做定語，須前置，且要重讀，它表明先行詞的用途。而分詞做定語表明先行詞的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài)。
a swimming boy=a boy who is swimming
a swimming pool=a pool for swimming
the boiling water=the water that is boiling
drinking water=water for drinking
Today I have a letter to write.
Please find a man to help us.
It is a good chance to practise your spoken English.
I like reading books written by Lu Xun.
The woman standing over there is our English teacher.
The house to be built (=which will be built/which is to be built) next year will be our new library.
The house being built (=which is being built) now will be our new library.
The house built (=which was built) last year is our new library now.
6.做狀語：
不定式和分詞做狀語各有不同分工。動詞不定式多做目的、結(jié)果和原因狀語，且多放在句末;分詞可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式狀語，多置于句首，做伴隨狀語，多放在后面。單獨的動名詞不能做狀語，在介詞后形成介詞短語，從而做狀語。
(1).目的狀語：通常有不定式表示，由于不定式的客觀性和將來性特征。不定式前還可加上in order，so as來加強說話的口氣。但so as to通常不用于句首。
The Smiths have gone to London to spend their holidays.
I came here (in order/so as) to hear the report.
In order to(不用so as to) see better, we took front seats.
(2).時間狀語：分詞作時間狀語相當于時間狀語從句。現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語一般位于句首，表示的動作和謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生，有時現(xiàn)在分詞前可以加上時間連詞。如果分詞動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成體形式。過去分詞作時間狀語與謂語動詞構(gòu)成同時性和被動意義。分詞前有時加上時間連詞。
Arriving (=When he arrived) at the bus stop, he found his sister there.
Waiting (=When I was waiting) to see the doctor, I met with a friend of mine.
Having (=When we have) made full preparations, we are ready for an examination.
Having (=When he had) finished his homework, he went to bed.
After finishing his homework, he went to bed.
Seen (=When the town is seen) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.
Locked (=When he was looked) up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world.
When asked to make a speech, he said he was glad to do so.
Once recovered, he went all out to do his work.
(3).原因狀語：不定式作原因狀語往往用于形容詞之后,這些形容詞通常是happy, sorry, fortunate, angry, glad, ashamed, discouraged, delighted, frightened, shocked等。分詞作原因狀語相當于原因狀語從句。一般位于句首。
I am sorry to hear that you are not well.
I'm very sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
We are greatly delighted to have a native as our guide.
Being (=Since he was) ill all last year, he lived in a sanatorium.
There being no enough money, he couldn't buy the dictionary that he wanted.
Having (=Since they had) been asked to stay, they couldn't possibly leave right away.
Moved (=As he was moved) by the heroic deeds of the PLA man, he burst into tears.
(4).條件狀語：通常用分詞來表示，相當于條件狀語從句。一般位于句首。
Turning (=If you turn) to the left，you will see the post office.
United (=If we are united), we stand; divided (=if we are divided), we fall.
Given (=If he had been given) more time, he would be able to do better.
(5).結(jié)果狀語從句：不定式作結(jié)果狀語通常用于so+形容詞或副詞+as to，such+名詞+as to，too…to，enough to和only to等結(jié)構(gòu)。
現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語表示謂語動詞的結(jié)果。
He arrived late to find the train gone.
I worked late into the night, only to find I had not finished half of the job.
He was so friendly as to be always helpful to his neighbours.
His is such a sad story as to arouse out sympathy。
I ran faster than ever, reaching the schoolyard quite out of breath.
The man died young, leaving nothing but debt.
(6).讓步狀語：通常有過去分詞來表示，而且前面通常有表示讓步意義的though。
Though wounded, the soldier managed to get to the village safely.
Though warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
(7).伴隨或方式狀語：分詞作伴隨狀語通常位于句尾，表示謂語動詞正在所處主動或被動的狀態(tài)。
Chinese businessmen, taxi drivers and students talk with them using English.
She came running towards us.
They walked along the streets, talking and laughing.
He went into the house, followed by some children.
He continued to walk up and down, lost in thought.
【同步練習題】
1.他醉心于閱讀英語故事。
He _____________ English stories.
2.公共汽車上擠滿了乘客。
The bus _____________ passengers.
3.在我昨天晚上看的電影里,男主人公第見到女主人公時就愛上了她。
In the movie I saw last night, the hero _______ the heroine when he first sees her.
4.他沒有給我錢而是給了我一些很有價值的建議。
He gave me some valuable ___________________.
5.交通問題本應引起地方政府的注意。
The traffic problem ____________the local _____________.
II. 用所給動詞(短語)的適當形式填空。
burn down , reflect, injure, complete, ignore
1. His house _____ by the enemy soldiers.
2.I can’t _____ his rudeness any longer.
3.Dead and _____ people lay everywhere after the bomb went off.
4.The calm lake _____ the trees on the shore.
5.I need one more stamp before my collection _____.
III. 句型轉(zhuǎn)化:每空填一詞,使該句與所給句子的意思相同。
1.Maybe he is in his twenties.
Maybe he is _____ _____ twenty years old.
2.Wealth is seldom connected with happiness.
Wealth is seldom _____ _____ happiness.
3.When he was asked where he was from, the Frenchman said he was from Paris.
_____ _____ _____ _____ from, the Frenchman said he was from Paris.
4.The road that is covered with ice is very slippery.
The road _____ _____ ice is very slippery.
KEY:
I. 1. is addicted to reading
2. is /was crowded with
3. falls in love with
4. advice rather than money
5. should have drawn, government’s attention
II. 1. was burned down 2. ignore
3. injured 4. reflected / reflects
5. is completed
III. 1. more than 2. related to
3. Asked where he was
4. covered with
