小學英語復習資料：自然拼讀法基本規(guī)則
1. 二十六個字母的讀音 (Letter Sounds).
五個元音字母(a, e, i, o, u), 每個發(fā)兩種音：長音（其字母音）和短音
y不在單詞開頭時，一般被看做元音
2. 單元音單詞拼讀 (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant Combinations)
如果一個英語單詞或音節(jié)里只有一個元音, 且元音不在末尾，這個元音一般發(fā)短音.
如： Sam, cat, mat, 等等．
Beginning Consonants
Ending Consonants
One Vowel Word, Short Vowel Sounds
3. 雙元音單詞拼讀(Two Vowel Words):
一個單詞或音節(jié)里有兩個元音時， 一般來說，前邊一個元音發(fā)長音（其字母音）， 后邊一個元音不發(fā)音．
如： make, mail, may, hay, say, see, sea, meet, meat, key, five, nine, tie, road, coat, toe, cute等等．
4. 雙/三輔音在一起時的聯(lián)讀 (Consonant Blends)
Beginning consonant blends (bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, fr, pl, pr, sc, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, st, sw, tr, tw, scr, spl, str)
Ending consonant blends (ft, lf, lm, lp, lt, mp, nd, nk, nt, pt, sk, st)
Words ending in ll, ss, ff
Consonant digraphs (ch, th, sh, wh)
5. 特殊讀法(1)- 帶元音的特殊讀法(Irregular Vowels)
igh, ing, ind, ild, ar, or, oi, oy, alt, alk, ost, old, er, ir, ur, ew, sion, tion, eigh, all, ow, ow, ou, ay, ous, ed, ed (t), ed (d), aw, au, oo, oo
以上字母組合作為整體音節(jié)發(fā)音。需記住它們所發(fā)的音。
Examples:
ar (car, far), air (hair), are (hare), au, augh (caught), aw (hawk)
al, all (all, tall, mall, hall), alk (talk, walk), alt (halt, salt), ay (may, play)
ew (new, few), eigh (eight, weight),
ed:
says /ed/: patted, landed, lifted
says /t/: walked, hopped, stopped
says /d/: cried, played, chewed
er (sister, brother), ir (girl, fir, firm), ur (burn, hurt)
ie (field), ing(king, sing, dancing), ind (find, kind, behind), ild (mild, wild, child), igh (high, night, light), ire
oi (oil, boil), oy (boy, toy), old (old, cold), ost (most, host), olt,
oo (book), oo (tool, school), or (or, for, horn),
ow (讀音一：cow, now, how, bow； 讀音二：bow, low, blow, snow),
ou (shout, out, loud)
ould (could, would), ough (五種不同的讀音：cough, through, ought, slough, plough),
ought, , ous (famous, nervous),
ue (cruel), ui (fluid)
tion (attention, fiction), sion (passion, expression),
ending sounds : ang, ong, ung, edge, le
6. 特殊讀法(2)
如果一個單詞或音節(jié)里只有一個元音,而且元音在末尾， 這個元音一般發(fā)長音（其字母音） (Vowel at the end)．
如：me, hi, go, baby, table, humor，hibernate 等等。
Y在末尾 (作為元音處理）（y at the end）：
單音節(jié)詞, 沒有其他元音，y發(fā)"I"(one syllable word, y at the end (pronounced as "I")): my, why, fly, sky
多音節(jié)詞, y發(fā)"E" 的音(two or more syllables, y at the end (pronounced as "E")): daddy, mommy, baby，honey, crazy
7. 特殊讀法(3) - 固定讀音的單詞 (Sight Word):
is, are, the, a, to, here, hey, have, son, love, come, give, field…… 等.
它們不遵守前邊的發(fā)音規(guī)則，需要死記硬背。
8. 特殊讀法(4) - 輔音的特殊讀法
有一些輔音不發(fā)音 (silent consonants)．
Silent b: comb, lamb
Silent h: ghost
Silent k: knife, knock, knob, know…
Silent w: write, wrist, wreck …
"c" 和 "k" 在一起時， 發(fā)一個音: quick, black等.
"q" 總是和"u"在一起：quite, quick, quit, quilt等.
之所以指出這一點, 是在這里u不能再被認為是元音, 而是和q一起組成一個輔音組合. 于是, 在quite這個單詞里只有兩個元音, 是雙元音單詞, 第一個元音i發(fā)字母音, 第二個元音e不發(fā)音.
"p"和 "h"在一起, 發(fā)/f/的音: phone, photo.
復數(shù)s及末尾s的讀音(Plural s and the sounds of ending s)
c和g 的兩種讀音:
如果i(或y)或者 e 跟在c或者g的后邊, c發(fā)/s/, g發(fā)/j/的音: center, cigar, nice, mice, gem, giant, gym, page.
其他情況下, c發(fā)/k/, g發(fā)/g/: can, clap, cup, great, glad, got, goat, log.
特殊情況： get, give
9. 多音節(jié)單詞和復合詞 (Words with multiple syllables and compound words)
多音節(jié)單詞: believe, multiple, syllable, compound
復合詞: homework, highway,
