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2009年成人高考英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)資料

時(shí)間:2009-09-22 18:05:00   來(lái)源:環(huán)球網(wǎng)校     [字體: ]
定冠詞限定名詞時(shí)主要表示特指,針對(duì)TOEFL應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):

  (1) the和可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用,表示一類人或物,如:

  the fern(蕨類), the wallflower

  (2) 序數(shù)詞之前必須用the,如:

  the first woman, the nineteenth century

  但前面有物主代詞時(shí)除外,如 my first baby

  (3) 形容詞級(jí)之前必須用the(有物主代詞時(shí)除外),如:

  the largest city, the most advanced technology

  (4) of連接的名詞前多用the, 如:

  the development of the watch,

  (5) 世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的東西前應(yīng)加the, 如:

  the globe(地球),the equator(赤道), the moon, the sun

  在下列情況下,一般不用the:

  (1) 表示人名、地名、國(guó)家名等專有名詞前, 一般不加,如:

  Dennis Chavez(人名),Alaska(地名),English(英語(yǔ)), February(二月),America(美國(guó))

  但是在表示海洋、海峽、江、河、山脈、群島等專有名詞時(shí)要加上the

  the Great Lakes(美國(guó)五大湖), the Changjiang River(長(zhǎng)江)

  (2) 無(wú)特指的不可數(shù)名詞前,如:

  algebra(代數(shù)學(xué)), advertising, accounting(會(huì)計(jì)學(xué))

  (3) 表示類別的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前,如:

  Historians believe that…, Amphibians(兩棲動(dòng)物) hatch from…

  (4) 一些固定詞組中,如:

  in history, in nature, at work, at home , go to school, go to bed, in bed

  乘車的詞組:

  by train(乘火車), by car (乘汽車), by bicycle(騎腳踏車),

  by bus (乘公共汽車),

  by land(由陸路), by sea (由海路), by water (由水路) ,

  by air(通過(guò)航空)

  on foot (步行), by plane(乘飛機(jī)), by ship (乘船),

  打球的詞組:

  play tennis, play baseball, play basketball

  注意:表示職位的詞之前的冠詞有無(wú)均可, 如:He was elected (the)

  chairman of the committee.

  不可數(shù)名詞的限定詞和不可數(shù)名詞原形連用, 下面這些限定詞后面一定跟不可數(shù)名詞:much, a large amount of, a great deal of, a wealth of(大量的、豐富的)little /a little /less /least, a piece /sheet /slice /bar of, 屬不可數(shù)名詞

  專用

  另外一些詞(詞組)如such, some /any (of), most (of), a lot of, lots of,the re st of, plenty of等既可接可數(shù)名詞又可接不可數(shù)名詞。

  有些形容詞本身就具有“比….年長(zhǎng)”、“ 比…..優(yōu)越”等含義,因此也就沒(méi)有比較級(jí)和級(jí)。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。這些形容詞往往和to連用,而不和than連用。

  有些形容詞本身就具備“最、極”的含義,所以就沒(méi)有級(jí)和比較級(jí)。如:

  absolute(絕對(duì)的), unique(獨(dú)一無(wú)二的), infinite(無(wú)限的), round(圓的), right(對(duì)的), correct(正確的), wrong(錯(cuò)誤的), perfect(完美的),這類形容詞往往被稱為絕

  對(duì)形容詞對(duì)于most來(lái)講,除了構(gòu)成某些詞級(jí)外,most的用法有幾點(diǎn)需要注意,經(jīng)常成為改錯(cuò)

  題的考點(diǎn):

  1. 當(dāng)most表示大多數(shù)時(shí),之前不加the, 并且有兩種形式來(lái)表示大多數(shù),分別為:

  most + 名詞,如:most people, most Indian tribes;

  most + of + 限定詞 + 名詞或代詞,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists

  2. most有時(shí)意思等同于very, 此時(shí)most之前用不定冠詞,如:

  a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal

  例題:

  (1)

  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated.

  A        B   C     D

  答案:A

  應(yīng)改為:Most

  解釋:most只有在表示形容詞級(jí)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)需加定冠詞,此句表示“大多數(shù)”,沒(méi)必要加the.

  Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonme tals

  A          B      C

  oxygen and silicon are more still abundant.

  D

  考點(diǎn):程度副詞

  答案:D

  應(yīng)改為:still more

  解釋:程度副詞still修飾比較級(jí)more時(shí),應(yīng)置于其前幾點(diǎn)參考規(guī)則:

  1. 多數(shù)副詞放在修飾的動(dòng)詞之后,若動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)則放在賓語(yǔ)之后,如:She sings very well.

  I met your uncle(動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)) just now.

  I met just now your uncle (錯(cuò))

  2. 副詞修飾形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞時(shí)常放在被修飾成分之前,如:

  These two are only slightly different.

  right after this, very smoothly

  當(dāng)然,副詞enough是一個(gè)例外,要放在修飾成分的后面,如:

  I am not good enough to do this job. (對(duì))

  I am not enough good to do this job. (錯(cuò))

  3. 表示頻率的副詞常放在實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前,be動(dòng)詞之后,如:

  He often/ always/ rarely/seldom/never play(實(shí)意動(dòng)詞) tennis.

  He is always here at 8’clock. (be動(dòng)詞之后)

  4. 部分副詞的位置沒(méi)有一定的規(guī)定,原則上接近被修飾詞即可,如:

  only, even, still, perhaps, etc.

 考點(diǎn):程度副詞

  答案:D

  應(yīng)改為:still more

  解釋:程度副詞still修飾比較級(jí)more時(shí),應(yīng)置于其前

  幾點(diǎn)參考規(guī)則:

  1. 多數(shù)副詞放在修飾的動(dòng)詞之后,若動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)則放在賓語(yǔ)之后,如:

  She sings very well.

  I met your uncle(動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)) just now.

  I met just now your uncle (錯(cuò))

  2. 副詞修飾形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞時(shí)常放在被修飾成分之前,如:

  These two are only slightly different.

  right after this, very smoothly 當(dāng)然,副詞enough是一個(gè)例外,要放在修飾成分的后面,如:

  I am not good enough to do this job. (對(duì))

  I am not enough good to do this job. (錯(cuò))

  3. 表示頻率的副詞常放在實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前,be動(dòng)詞之后,如:

  He often/ always/ rarely/seldom/never play(實(shí)意動(dòng)詞) tennis.

  He is always here at 8’clock. (be動(dòng)詞之后)

  4. 部分副詞的位置沒(méi)有一定的規(guī)定,原則上接近被修飾詞即可,如:

  only, even, still, perhaps, etc.

  第四節(jié) 容易混淆的詞

  hard (努力,副詞) -hardly (幾乎不,副詞)

  close (接近,形容詞) -closely(接近,副詞)

  near (接近,形容詞) -nearly (幾乎,副詞), nearby (adj.鄰近的)

  most (大多數(shù)的,形容詞) -mostly(主要地,大部分 副詞)

  late (遲、晚,形容詞) -lately (最近,副詞),later(adv 稍后的)

  high (高的,形容詞) -highly (adv. 非常,大大的)

  另外: friendly(友好的), lovely(可愛的、有趣的),盡管詞尾有l(wèi)y, 但是都是形容詞作主語(yǔ):不定式短語(yǔ)可作主語(yǔ)

  如:To see is to believe (百聞不如一見)

  To work hard should be your major concern.

  注意:由于英文不習(xí)慣句子主語(yǔ)過(guò)長(zhǎng),不定式主語(yǔ)常被形式主語(yǔ)it所代替(詳見第十七章)

  例如上面第二句可以變?yōu)椋?It should be your major concern to work hard. 又如: It is very nice of you to help me

  不定式常接在名詞之后作定語(yǔ),如something to read, nothing to do, anything to decla re, a lot to complain of, the right person to talk to, etc.

  由上述例子不難看出不定式和被修飾詞間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,因此不及物動(dòng)詞之后必須加上相 搭配的介詞(例如上面的complain + of, talk +to)不定式定語(yǔ)還可表示將來(lái)的含義,如:in the years to follow, the meeting to be held in June

  獨(dú)立主格的主語(yǔ)和句子主語(yǔ)不一致

  如:(With) His mouth filled with water, he couldn’t utter a word. (獨(dú)立主格)

  對(duì)于分詞來(lái)講其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須和句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致:

  Filling his mouth with water, he couldn’t utter a word.

  在TOEFL考試中,經(jīng);煜瓷泶~的寫法,結(jié)尾的-self和-selves經(jīng)常故意寫錯(cuò)反身代詞的用法

  可以用來(lái)做賓語(yǔ): He hurt himself when he fell.

  可以用來(lái)做表語(yǔ): He is not quite himself today. (他今天有些不舒服)

  反身代詞經(jīng)常放在名詞或者代名詞的后面來(lái)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào), 表示“親自”的意思

  I myself do it.

  I do it myself.

  They made the research themselves.