練習(xí)題
1.Sports are perhaps the most popular form of relaxation that almost all can enjoy, whether boys or girls, men or women, young or old.
2.Sports and games build our bodies, prevent us from getting too fat, and keep us healthy.
3.Mixing strength and agility with style and grace, the gymnastics have provided many of the most breathtaking Olympic spectacles.
4.The exact sequence of events in ancient Olympics is uncertain, but events included man's gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, horse racing and field events, though there were fewer sports involved than in the modem Olympic Games.
5.In his prose Ode to Sport, Pierre de Coubertin passionately described sport as the embodiment of beauty, justice, courage, health, progress and peace.
6.The Olympic Creed reads: "The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well. "
7.In ancient Greece, athletes who were discovered cheating were fined, and the money was used to make bronze statues of Zeus, which were erected on the road to the stadium.
8.Boxing brings into play the various groups of muscles almost as harmoniously as rowing, and like rowing has the advantage of ruling out one source of nervous fatigue holding back.
9.Long-distance rally driving dates back to an event that took place in 1907 when vehicles set out on a two-month trek from China to France. Four years later in 1911, the famous Monte Carlo Rally was inaugurated as the world's leading annual international rallying event.
10.Total well-being means applying healthy lifestyle habits such as not smoking, managing stress, and eating a smart diet, as well as exercising regularly.
答案
1.體育運(yùn)動大概是幾乎所有人都喜愛的最普遍的令人松弛的娛樂形式，男孩女孩，男女老少都很喜歡體育運(yùn)動。
2.體育運(yùn)動增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)，防止我們發(fā)胖，使我們保持身體健康。
3.融力量、敏捷、風(fēng)格和優(yōu)雅與一體，體操成為當(dāng)今奧運(yùn)會上最緊張刺激的項(xiàng)目。
4.古代奧林匹克運(yùn)動會的賽事沒有固定次序，比賽項(xiàng)目也無法與現(xiàn)代同日而語，不過男子體操、拳擊、摔跤、賽 馬和各種田賽項(xiàng)目都是必備項(xiàng)目。
5.顧拜旦在他的散文詩《體育頌》中充滿激情地歌頌體育，將體育比作美麗、正義、勇氣、健康、進(jìn)步與和平的化身。
6.奧林匹克運(yùn)動的信條是：“重要的是參與，而不是取勝。正如在生活中，最
Is More Growth Really Better?
A number of writers have raised questions about the desirability of faster economic growth as an end in itself, at least in the wealthier industrialized countries. Yet faster growth does mean more wealth, and to most people the desirability of wealth is beyond question. "I've been rich and I've been poor - and I can tell you, rich is better, " a noted stage personality is said to have told an interviewer, and most people seem to have the same attitude about the economy as a whole. To those who hold this belief, a healthy economy is one that is capable of turning out vast quantities of shoes, food, cars, and TV sets. An economy whose capacity to provide all these things is not expanding is said to have succumbed to the disease of stagnation.
Economists from Adam Smith to Karl Marx saw great virtue in economic growth. Marx argued that capitalism, at least in its earlier historical stages, was a vital form of economic organization by which society got out of the rut in which the medieval stage of history had trapped it. Marx believed that "the development of the productive powers of society…alone can form the real basis of a higher form of productive powers of society". Marx went on to tell us that only where such great productive powers have been unleashed can one have "a society in which the full and free development of every individual forms the ruling principle." In other words, only a wealthy economy can afford to give all individuals the opportunity for full personal satisfaction through the use of their special abilities in their jobs and through increased leisure activities.
Yet the desirability of further economic growth for a society that is already wealthy has been questioned on grounds that undoubtedly have a good deal of validity. It is pointed out that the sheer increase in quantity of products has imposed an enormous cost on society in the form of pollution, crowding, proliferation of wastes that need disposal, and debilitating psychological and social effects. It is said that industry has transformed the satisfying and creative tasks of the artisan into the mechanical and dehumanizing routine of the assembly line. It has dotted our road sides with junkyards, filled our air with smoke, and poisoned our food with dangerous chemicals. The question is whether the outpouring of frozen foods, talking dolls, radios, and headache remedies is worth its high cost to society. As one well-known economist put it:
The continued pursuit of economic growth by Western Societies is more likely on balance to reduce rather than increase social welfare… Technological innovations may offer to add to men's material opportunities. But by increasing the risks of their obsolescence it adds also to their anxiety. Swifter means of communications have the paradoxical effect of isolating people; increased mobility has led to more hours commuting; increased automobilization to increased separation; more television to less communication. 10 In consequence, people know less of their neighbors than ever before.
Virtually every economist agrees that these concerns are valid, though many question whether economic growth is their major cause. Nevertheless, they all emphasize that pollution of air and water, noise and congestion, and the mechanization of the work process are very real and very serious problems. There is every reason for society to undertake programs that grapple with these problems.
重要的事情不是勝利，而是斗爭;不是征服，而是奮力拼搏�！�
7.在古希臘，運(yùn)動員一經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)在比賽中欺詐違規(guī)，就會被處以罰款，所得款項(xiàng)即用來鑄造宙斯青銅像，矗立在通往體育場的路上。
8.拳擊調(diào)動全身肌肉群，像劃船一樣也要全身協(xié)調(diào)，參與者要拋掉膽怯之心。
9.遠(yuǎn)距離的汽車?yán)惪勺匪莸?907年。那一年舉行丁一次從中國到法國的長途汽車?yán)悾L達(dá)兩個月。四年后的1911年，的蒙特卡羅汽車?yán)Υ筚惓蔀槭澜缟献盥≈氐哪甓荣愂隆?/p>
10.真正的健康意味著有健康的生活習(xí)慣，諸如定期鍛煉，不吸煙，緩解壓力，注意飲食等。
詞匯
1.beyond question勿庸置疑的
2.personality名人，人物
3.capacity能力，才能
4.succumb屈服，死于
5.stagnation停滯
6.medieval中世紀(jì)的
7.productive powers生產(chǎn)能力
8.validity有效性，根據(jù)
9.Proliferation激增，擴(kuò)散
10. debilitate使虛弱，使衰弱
11. dehumanizing使失去人性
12. paradoxical自相矛盾的
13. congestion擁塞
14. grapple with與……格斗，努力克服
注釋
1.本句有人譯為：“為經(jīng)濟(jì)而發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)，至少在較富裕的國家，這一做法的合理性遭到了一些學(xué)者的質(zhì)疑�！边@種譯法本身模棱兩可，容易產(chǎn)生只有在富裕國家內(nèi)部才有人提出質(zhì)疑的誤導(dǎo)。另外，writer一詞不一定非譯為“作者”不可，參考譯文把它化為動詞，不失為 一種靈活的選擇。
2.a noted stage personality意思是“一位知名演員”，而不是“一位知名的舞臺工作人員”。
3.亞當(dāng)·斯密：(1723-1790)英國古典政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)體系的創(chuàng)立者。代表英國工場手工業(yè)已高度發(fā)展、產(chǎn)業(yè)革命開始時期資產(chǎn)階級的利益。1776年發(fā)表其代表作《國民財富的性質(zhì)和原因的研究》(The Wealth Nations簡稱《國富論》)。其中心思想是反對封建主義特別是重商主義的民族國家權(quán)益高于一切的觀點(diǎn)，倡導(dǎo)個人自決和政府對經(jīng)濟(jì)的最低程度的控制，主張建立徹底的個人自由經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，強(qiáng)調(diào)對內(nèi)實(shí)行自由放任政策，對外賓行自由貿(mào)易政策。
4.本句意為：馬克思認(rèn)為資本主義在其早期發(fā)展階段還是非常重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)組織形式，正是資本主義將整個社會從中世紀(jì)的桎梏中解脫了出來。get in/out of a rut:進(jìn)入/走出墨守陳規(guī);rut本意為：車的轍跡，人們習(xí)慣行走的道路，這里引申為：當(dāng)時整個社會的發(fā)展軌道。
5.本句意為：人們對富裕國家追求經(jīng)濟(jì)增長提出質(zhì)疑，而他們的懷疑是不無道理的。翻譯時應(yīng)力圖在理解的基礎(chǔ)上簡潔地表達(dá)句子的意思。參考譯文中“人們對此提出的質(zhì)疑”與句子的其他部分用逗號斷開，比較符合漢語行文的習(xí)慣。
6.這里pollution和crowding如簡單地譯為“污染”和“擁擠”，讀起來不大順耳，參考譯文中用了兩個四字結(jié)構(gòu)“環(huán)境污染”和“交通擁擠”，更為符合漢語的習(xí)慣。
7.本句中四個形容詞satisfying，creative，mechanical和dehumanizing對譯者是個挑戰(zhàn)。如直譯為“創(chuàng)造性的令人滿意的(工作)”和“機(jī)械的非人性的(例行公事)”，讀來甚為別扭，參考譯文把詞序調(diào)整了一下，把它們譯為“給人以享受的創(chuàng)造性(工作)”和“毫無人性的機(jī)械化(操作)”。
8.這里on balance：意為：權(quán)衡得失，綜觀全局。social welfare：結(jié)合下文列舉的對人們生活的不利影響，應(yīng)理解為良好的生活狀態(tài)(a comfort state of social life，well being)，而非退休金、醫(yī)療保險等具體的社會福利制度。
9.by increasing the risks of their obsolescence意為：通過增加科技創(chuàng)新遭淘汰的風(fēng)險。本句可譯為：由于更新?lián)Q代的速度太快，反而使人們倍感焦慮。
10.本句大意為：通訊方式更加便捷，人們因此反而疏于聯(lián)絡(luò)，較之與以前更加孤立;社會人口的流動性增加了，人們的工作區(qū)和生活區(qū)距離越來越遠(yuǎn)，于是往返于路途上的時間反而增加了;有車開的人更多了，人們無需再和別人一起共享空間，相應(yīng)的交流就少了;電視節(jié)目豐富多彩，人們之間交談的時間少了。翻譯這類句子的時候特別要注意漢語句子的平衡與對稱。paradoxical effect:適得其反，荒謬的結(jié)果。
11. have every reason to_意為：有一切理由(做某事)，語氣比較強(qiáng)。此處可正話反說，譯為：“社會確實(shí)沒有理由不盡一切努力解決好這些問題�！�
參考譯文
經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展得越快越好嗎?
近年來，不少人或撰文或著書，已經(jīng)提出質(zhì)疑：為經(jīng)濟(jì)而發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)，至少在較富裕的工業(yè)化國家究竟有無必要?誠然，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長得越快的確意味著更多的財富，而且大多數(shù)人都追求財富，這是勿庸置疑的�！案辉Ｒ擦T，貧窮也罷，我都經(jīng)歷過。說實(shí)話，富裕當(dāng)然勝過貧窮�！币晃恢輪T曾這樣向采訪者坦言。大多數(shù)人在整體上對經(jīng)濟(jì)似乎也持同樣觀點(diǎn)。他們認(rèn)為，健康的經(jīng)濟(jì)必須能夠生產(chǎn)出大批量的鞋子、食品、汽車和電視機(jī)。當(dāng)某個經(jīng)濟(jì)體的這種產(chǎn)出能力不再擴(kuò)大，人們就認(rèn)為它遭遇了經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯。
從亞當(dāng)·斯密到卡爾·馬克思，許多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家都認(rèn)識到經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的好處。馬克思認(rèn)為資本主義至少在其歷史發(fā)展的初期確實(shí)是一種重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)組織形式，它使整個社會擺脫了中世紀(jì)的桎梏。馬克思認(rèn)為“單憑社會生產(chǎn)能力的發(fā)展這一點(diǎn)就能為社會生產(chǎn)能力的更高形式打下堅實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，成為更高一級社會形式的根基。”馬克思還告訴我們，只有當(dāng)這種強(qiáng)大的生產(chǎn)能力有了長足的發(fā)展之后，人們才能擁有“一個以個人的完全自由發(fā)展為指導(dǎo)原則的社會�！睋Q言之，只有富足的經(jīng)濟(jì)才能使每個社會成員的自我需求得到充分滿足。這種滿足體現(xiàn)為：在工作中施展才能或是在不斷豐富的休閑活動中盡情放松。
然而對于一個已經(jīng)非常富足的社會而言是否有必要再一味追求發(fā)展，人們對此的質(zhì)疑，無疑是有充分說服力的。一味地追求產(chǎn)品數(shù)量的增長已經(jīng)讓社會付出了巨大的代價。比如環(huán)境污染，交通擁擠，需特殊處理廢物的激增，以及由此造成的負(fù)面心理及社會影響。人們認(rèn)為，工業(yè)化的出現(xiàn)，已經(jīng)把以往工匠們給人以享受的創(chuàng)造性工作，變成了流水線上毫無人性的機(jī)械化操作。它使街頭堆滿了垃圾，空氣中彌漫著煙霧，食品中殘留著有毒農(nóng)藥。問題在于，那些大量的冷凍食品、說話娃娃、收音機(jī)和止痛藥能否彌補(bǔ)工業(yè)化給社會造成的巨大代價。
正如一位的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家所言：西方社會一味地追求經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，總體看來，非但沒有優(yōu)化人們的社會生活，相反有惡化趨勢�？萍紕�(chuàng)新也許給人們帶來了物質(zhì)上的滿足，但是由于更新?lián)Q代的速度太快，反而使人們倍感焦慮;通訊方式更加快捷了，人們卻更加孤獨(dú)了;社會流動性增強(qiáng)了，人們反而疲于奔命;汽車更加普及了，人們反而更加疏遠(yuǎn)了;看電視的時間多了，人們交流的機(jī)會少了。結(jié)果人們與周圍鄰居之間從來沒有像現(xiàn)在這樣陌生。
幾乎所有的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家都認(rèn)為這種關(guān)注并非杞人憂天，盡管很多人并不認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長就是罪魁禍?zhǔn)�。然而他們一致�?qiáng)調(diào)：水和空氣污染、噪音、交通擁擠、機(jī)械性的工作等問題的確是很嚴(yán)重的現(xiàn)實(shí)問題。社會確實(shí)沒有任何理由不盡一切努力解決好這些問題。
