PartV cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Public image refers to how a company is viewed by its customers, suppliers, and stockholders, by the financial community, by the communities 62 it operates, and by federal and local governments. Public image is controllable 63 considerable extent, just as the product, price, place, and promotional efforts are.
A firm's public image plays a vital role in the 64 of the firm and its products to employees, customers, and to such outsiders 65 stockholders, suppliers, creditors, government officials, as well as 66 special groups. With some things it is impossible to 67 all the diverse publics: for example, a new highly automated plant may meet the approval of creditors and stockholders, 68 it will undoubtedly find 69 from employees who see their jobs 70 .On the other hand, high quality products and service standards should bring almost complete approval, 71 low quality products and 72 claims would be widely looked down upon.
A firm's public image, if it is good, should be treasured and protected. It is a valuable 73 that usually is built up over a long and satisfying relationship of a firm with publics. If a firm has learned a quality image, this is not easily 74 or imitated by competitors. Such an image may enable a firm to 75 higher prices, to win the best distributors and dealers, to attract the best employees, to expect the most 76 creditor relationships and lowest borrowing costs. It should also allow the firm's stock to command higher price-earnings 77 than other firms in the same industry with such a good reputation and public image.
A number of factors affect the public image of a corporation. 78 include physical 79, contacts of outsiders 80 company employees, product quality and dependability, prices 81 to competitors, customer service, the kind of advertising and the media and programs used, and the use of public relations and publicity.
62. A) which B) what C) where D) whom
63. A) in B) within C) on D) to
64. A) attraction B) attachment C) affection D) generalization
65. A) and B) with C) as D) for
66. A) converse B) diverse C) reverse D) universe
67. A) satisfy B) treat C) amuse D) entertain
68. A) so B) then C) thus D) but
69. A) support B) identification C) compliment D) resistance
70. A) ensured B) promoted C) threatened D) unemployed
71. A) because B) while C) though D) when
72. A) false B) fake C) artificial D) counterfeit
73. A) fortune B) asset C) possession D) property
74. A) countered B) defeated C) repelled D) compelled
75. A) pay B) get C) order D) charge
76. A) favorite B) prosperous C) favorable D) prospective
77. A) rate B) ratio C) ration D) interest
78. A) These B) They C) That D) It
79. A) appliances B) equipment C) devices D) facilities
80. A) on B) with C) in D) along
81. A) relative B) related C) reliable D) reconcilable
Part Ⅵ Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in the brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.
82. As for Williams, (他寧愿死也不愿意做這件事).
83. Only under special circumstances, (學(xué)生才被準(zhǔn)許提前畢業(yè)).
84. It has been proved that (我們的膚色取決于遺傳).
85. No other reproduction in any form is permitted (未經(jīng)出版社書面同意).
86. The environmental effect of this new factory (完全可以從周圍的田地和河流看出來).
參考答案及解析：
Part Ⅴ Cloze
62. C)�！窘馕觥窟B接詞辨義。在詞組by the communities 62 it operates中，名詞communicates后有主語it和謂語動(dòng)詞operates，因此判斷該從句為定語從句。而先行詞在定語從句中作狀語，即it operates in the communities，于是選擇C）where。
63. D)。【解析】 考查固定搭配。to...extent或者to the extent of...表示"達(dá)到...的程度"，因此答案為D)。 in, within, on 均不能與extent搭配。
64. A)�！窘馕觥棵~辨義。由第一段我們得知，公司的公共形象，也就是來自社會(huì)各方面的對公司的關(guān)注，也即公司的大眾吸引力。所以，空格處應(yīng)選擇A）attraction。attachment"附件,附加裝置,配屬"；affection"友愛,愛情,喜愛"；generalization "一般化,普遍化,概括,廣義性"。
65. C)�！窘馕觥靠疾檎Z義和固定搭配。因?yàn)閟tockholders, suppliers, creditors, government officials等都屬于outsiders，是outsiders的下義詞。而詞組such...as...就是這種用法。因此答案為C)。
66. B)�！窘馕觥啃谓~辨義。as well as 連接意義相近的詞，前面stockholders, suppliers, creditors, government officials等都是各不相同的群體，那么后面special groups也應(yīng)是多種多樣的。diverse表示"不同的，多種多樣的"，因此選擇B)。converse"相反的,顛倒的"；reverse"相反的,倒轉(zhuǎn)的,顛倒的"；universe"宇宙,世界,萬物,領(lǐng)域"。
67. A)。【解析】動(dòng)詞辨義。根據(jù)后面的例子我們得知，高度自動(dòng)化的工廠可能迎合了公司債權(quán)人和股東的想法，但是卻會(huì)遭到公司員工的反對，因?yàn)樗麄兛赡苊媾R失業(yè)的危險(xiǎn)。因此，公司不可能滿足所有公眾的愿望。所以選擇A）satisfy。treat"視為,對待,論述,治療,款待"；amuse"使發(fā)笑,使愉快"；entertain"娛樂,招待,接受"。
68. D)�！窘馕觥靠疾榫潆H關(guān)系。由上題可知，兩句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。因此D)正確。so"因而,所以,那么,這樣看來"；then"當(dāng)時(shí),那么,因而,然后,于是"；thus"因而,從而,這樣,如此"。
69. D)�！窘馕觥棵~辨義。本句中，兩個(gè)分句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，而且作為利益對立雙方creditors and stockholders 和employees，他們對待工廠自動(dòng)化的態(tài)度也是對立的。前者有單詞approval(贊成)表明態(tài)度，后者的態(tài)度就應(yīng)是resistance(抵抗，反對)。support"支撐,支持,支援,維持,贍養(yǎng)"；identification"辨認(rèn),鑒定,證明,視為同一"；compliment"稱贊,恭維,致意,問候,道賀"。
70. C)�！窘馕觥縿�(dòng)詞辨義。由上下文得知，工廠高度自動(dòng)化遭到了工人們的抵制，而他們抵制的原因就在于他們的工作崗位受到威脅，他們將面臨下崗。因此see their jobs threatened或者see themselves unemployed。故選擇C)。ensure"保證,擔(dān)保,使安全,保證得到"；promote"促進(jìn),發(fā)揚(yáng),晉升為"；unemployed"失業(yè)的,未被利用的"。
71. B)�！窘馕觥靠疾檫B詞。本句話中空格前的從句的主語是high-quality products，空格后的從句的主語是low quality products，很明顯，兩句之間是對比關(guān)系，while表示"和...同時(shí)"，表示對比關(guān)系，因此B)正確。because表示因果關(guān)系，意為"由于，因?yàn)?；though表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，意為"雖然，盡管"。
72. A)�！窘馕觥拷x詞辨析。根據(jù)句義， 72 claims意為"不良的、不切實(shí)際的、或者虛偽的主張和要求"。false"錯(cuò)誤的,虛偽的,假的,無信義的,偽造的"，因此，false符合題意。fake"假的,偽造的,冒充的 "； artificial"人造的，假的，矯揉造作的，不自然的"； counterfeit"偽造的,假冒的"。
73. B)�！窘馕觥棵~辨義。根據(jù)句義我們判斷，具有良好的公眾形象是一個(gè)企業(yè)珍貴的財(cái)富。這里"財(cái)富"一詞并不指代擁有的金錢或財(cái)產(chǎn)，而是指代一種長處和優(yōu)勢。asset"財(cái)產(chǎn)"(anything owned)，"可取之處"(a desirable thing)，"優(yōu)勢"(advantage)，因此B)正確。fortune"財(cái)富,好運(yùn),命運(yùn)"； possession"擁有,占有,著迷,領(lǐng)土,財(cái)產(chǎn)(常用復(fù)數(shù))"；property"財(cái)產(chǎn),所有物,所有權(quán),性質(zhì),特性"。
74. A)�！窘馕觥縿�(dòng)詞辨義。這句話的意思是：如果一個(gè)企業(yè)有良好的形象，那么對手就很難與之抗衡或者效仿。本句中空格一詞應(yīng)能與imitate并列，如果選擇"打敗"或者"抵制"，那么競爭者效仿這一獲得良好形象的企業(yè)就無從談起。counter"反對,反擊，抗衡"，因此A)正確。defeat"擊敗,戰(zhàn)勝,使失敗,挫折"；repel"擊退,抵制,使厭惡,使不愉快"；compel"強(qiáng)迫,迫使"。
75. D)。【解析】 考查語義與詞組搭配。在上下文中，由于企業(yè)具備了良好的形象，因此它就可以把價(jià)格定得更高，可以與的發(fā)行商和經(jīng)銷商合作等等。charge price (索價(jià)，要價(jià))符合題意。pay, order, get均不與price搭配。
76. C)�！窘馕觥� 形容詞辨義。在諸多由良好的形象帶給企業(yè)的好處中，企業(yè)有望能與債權(quán)人建立的關(guān)系應(yīng)是對雙方有利的，起促進(jìn)作用的。favorable"贊成的,有利的,討人喜歡的,起促進(jìn)作用的"，因此C)正確。favorite"喜愛的,寵愛的,中意的"；prosperous"繁榮的"； prospective"預(yù)期的"。
77. B)�！窘馕觥抗潭ù钆�。price-earnings ratio"(股票市場上的)市盈率，價(jià)益比"。rate"比率,速度,等級,價(jià)格,費(fèi)用"；ration"定量,配給量,定量配給"；interest"興趣,關(guān)心,利息,利益"。
78. B)�！窘馕觥靠疾榇~。在上下文中，我們判斷空格是代替a number of factors的，因此They正確。
79. D)�！窘馕觥拷x詞辨析。根據(jù)語境，有很多因素影響了一個(gè)企業(yè)的公共形象，這些因素包括物理設(shè)備等等。因?yàn)檫@些設(shè)備會(huì)影響企業(yè)的公共形象，所以這些設(shè)備應(yīng)該是公眾能夠接觸到的設(shè)備、服務(wù)等硬件和軟件的設(shè)施，facilities指為某一特殊活動(dòng)或目的所提供的種種便利，包括設(shè)備、建筑物和服務(wù)等等，因此D)正確。appliance"用具,器具"，一般指電器設(shè)備，通常需要?jiǎng)恿Σ拍懿僮鞯募矣秒娖骱脱b置等；equipment"裝備,設(shè)備,器材,裝置",一般指機(jī)械設(shè)備；device"裝置,設(shè)計(jì),圖案,策略",既可以是抽象的，也可以是具體的。
80. B)�！窘馕觥抗潭ù钆�。contact無論作動(dòng)詞還是名詞，都與with搭配表示"與...聯(lián)系"。
81. A)�！窘馕觥看钆渑c語義。首先判斷空格一詞能與to搭配，再通過句義判斷詞組prices 81 to competitors的意義為"能與同行競爭者相抗衡的價(jià)格"，relative to"相對于"，因此答案為A)。relative"有關(guān)系的,相對的,比較而言的"；related"敘述的,講述的,有關(guān)系的"，related to"與...有關(guān)的"；reliable"可靠的,可信賴的"；reconcilable"可和解的,可調(diào)和的"。
Part Ⅵ Translation
82. he would sooner die than do such a thing
【考點(diǎn)】①主語+would sooner+動(dòng)詞原形+than+動(dòng)詞原形表示"兩者比較寧愿做...，也不愿意做另一件"，語氣比較含蓄委婉，所以動(dòng)詞前不定式不必帶to；sooner是soon 的比較級，表示"寧愿早點(diǎn)做...也不愿意做..."，強(qiáng)調(diào)意愿。該句型還有另外一種形式：Sooner than +動(dòng)詞原形...，(主句)主語+would+動(dòng)詞原形，主要是用于強(qiáng)調(diào)所比的對象，主句雖然放在后面，但不用倒裝；②do such a thing表示"做這樣的事"。
83. are students permitted to graduate in advance
【考點(diǎn)】 ①句首是Only +介詞短語，后面應(yīng)用倒裝句式，屬于部分倒裝，系動(dòng)詞+主語+其它；②are permitted to表示"被允許做..."；③in advance表示"提前"。
84. the color of our skin is due to heredity
【考點(diǎn)】 ①the color of our skin表示"膚色"；②due to表示"取決于..."；③heredity表示"遺傳"，特指生物遺傳；heritage 使用最廣泛，不僅指一般的遺產(chǎn)，也指世代相傳的具有特色的精神財(cái)富或物質(zhì)財(cái)富；inheritance 指繼承這一行為，不指繼承的東西，為抽象名詞。
85. without written permission from the publishing house
【考點(diǎn)】①介詞短語：without written permission表示"未經(jīng)允許"；②written permission表示"(書面)允許"；③the publishing house表示"出版社"。
86. is most clearly observable in the surrounding field and river
【考點(diǎn)】 ①is most clearly observable表示"完全可以看出來"，句型The...effect of...is...observable表示"...的效果是可以看出的"；②surrounding field and river表示"周圍的田野和河流"。
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Public image refers to how a company is viewed by its customers, suppliers, and stockholders, by the financial community, by the communities 62 it operates, and by federal and local governments. Public image is controllable 63 considerable extent, just as the product, price, place, and promotional efforts are.
A firm's public image plays a vital role in the 64 of the firm and its products to employees, customers, and to such outsiders 65 stockholders, suppliers, creditors, government officials, as well as 66 special groups. With some things it is impossible to 67 all the diverse publics: for example, a new highly automated plant may meet the approval of creditors and stockholders, 68 it will undoubtedly find 69 from employees who see their jobs 70 .On the other hand, high quality products and service standards should bring almost complete approval, 71 low quality products and 72 claims would be widely looked down upon.
A firm's public image, if it is good, should be treasured and protected. It is a valuable 73 that usually is built up over a long and satisfying relationship of a firm with publics. If a firm has learned a quality image, this is not easily 74 or imitated by competitors. Such an image may enable a firm to 75 higher prices, to win the best distributors and dealers, to attract the best employees, to expect the most 76 creditor relationships and lowest borrowing costs. It should also allow the firm's stock to command higher price-earnings 77 than other firms in the same industry with such a good reputation and public image.
A number of factors affect the public image of a corporation. 78 include physical 79, contacts of outsiders 80 company employees, product quality and dependability, prices 81 to competitors, customer service, the kind of advertising and the media and programs used, and the use of public relations and publicity.
62. A) which B) what C) where D) whom
63. A) in B) within C) on D) to
64. A) attraction B) attachment C) affection D) generalization
65. A) and B) with C) as D) for
66. A) converse B) diverse C) reverse D) universe
67. A) satisfy B) treat C) amuse D) entertain
68. A) so B) then C) thus D) but
69. A) support B) identification C) compliment D) resistance
70. A) ensured B) promoted C) threatened D) unemployed
71. A) because B) while C) though D) when
72. A) false B) fake C) artificial D) counterfeit
73. A) fortune B) asset C) possession D) property
74. A) countered B) defeated C) repelled D) compelled
75. A) pay B) get C) order D) charge
76. A) favorite B) prosperous C) favorable D) prospective
77. A) rate B) ratio C) ration D) interest
78. A) These B) They C) That D) It
79. A) appliances B) equipment C) devices D) facilities
80. A) on B) with C) in D) along
81. A) relative B) related C) reliable D) reconcilable
Part Ⅵ Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in the brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.
82. As for Williams, (他寧愿死也不愿意做這件事).
83. Only under special circumstances, (學(xué)生才被準(zhǔn)許提前畢業(yè)).
84. It has been proved that (我們的膚色取決于遺傳).
85. No other reproduction in any form is permitted (未經(jīng)出版社書面同意).
86. The environmental effect of this new factory (完全可以從周圍的田地和河流看出來).
參考答案及解析：
Part Ⅴ Cloze
62. C)�！窘馕觥窟B接詞辨義。在詞組by the communities 62 it operates中，名詞communicates后有主語it和謂語動(dòng)詞operates，因此判斷該從句為定語從句。而先行詞在定語從句中作狀語，即it operates in the communities，于是選擇C）where。
63. D)。【解析】 考查固定搭配。to...extent或者to the extent of...表示"達(dá)到...的程度"，因此答案為D)。 in, within, on 均不能與extent搭配。
64. A)�！窘馕觥棵~辨義。由第一段我們得知，公司的公共形象，也就是來自社會(huì)各方面的對公司的關(guān)注，也即公司的大眾吸引力。所以，空格處應(yīng)選擇A）attraction。attachment"附件,附加裝置,配屬"；affection"友愛,愛情,喜愛"；generalization "一般化,普遍化,概括,廣義性"。
65. C)�！窘馕觥靠疾檎Z義和固定搭配。因?yàn)閟tockholders, suppliers, creditors, government officials等都屬于outsiders，是outsiders的下義詞。而詞組such...as...就是這種用法。因此答案為C)。
66. B)�！窘馕觥啃谓~辨義。as well as 連接意義相近的詞，前面stockholders, suppliers, creditors, government officials等都是各不相同的群體，那么后面special groups也應(yīng)是多種多樣的。diverse表示"不同的，多種多樣的"，因此選擇B)。converse"相反的,顛倒的"；reverse"相反的,倒轉(zhuǎn)的,顛倒的"；universe"宇宙,世界,萬物,領(lǐng)域"。
67. A)。【解析】動(dòng)詞辨義。根據(jù)后面的例子我們得知，高度自動(dòng)化的工廠可能迎合了公司債權(quán)人和股東的想法，但是卻會(huì)遭到公司員工的反對，因?yàn)樗麄兛赡苊媾R失業(yè)的危險(xiǎn)。因此，公司不可能滿足所有公眾的愿望。所以選擇A）satisfy。treat"視為,對待,論述,治療,款待"；amuse"使發(fā)笑,使愉快"；entertain"娛樂,招待,接受"。
68. D)�！窘馕觥靠疾榫潆H關(guān)系。由上題可知，兩句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。因此D)正確。so"因而,所以,那么,這樣看來"；then"當(dāng)時(shí),那么,因而,然后,于是"；thus"因而,從而,這樣,如此"。
69. D)�！窘馕觥棵~辨義。本句中，兩個(gè)分句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，而且作為利益對立雙方creditors and stockholders 和employees，他們對待工廠自動(dòng)化的態(tài)度也是對立的。前者有單詞approval(贊成)表明態(tài)度，后者的態(tài)度就應(yīng)是resistance(抵抗，反對)。support"支撐,支持,支援,維持,贍養(yǎng)"；identification"辨認(rèn),鑒定,證明,視為同一"；compliment"稱贊,恭維,致意,問候,道賀"。
70. C)�！窘馕觥縿�(dòng)詞辨義。由上下文得知，工廠高度自動(dòng)化遭到了工人們的抵制，而他們抵制的原因就在于他們的工作崗位受到威脅，他們將面臨下崗。因此see their jobs threatened或者see themselves unemployed。故選擇C)。ensure"保證,擔(dān)保,使安全,保證得到"；promote"促進(jìn),發(fā)揚(yáng),晉升為"；unemployed"失業(yè)的,未被利用的"。
71. B)�！窘馕觥靠疾檫B詞。本句話中空格前的從句的主語是high-quality products，空格后的從句的主語是low quality products，很明顯，兩句之間是對比關(guān)系，while表示"和...同時(shí)"，表示對比關(guān)系，因此B)正確。because表示因果關(guān)系，意為"由于，因?yàn)?；though表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，意為"雖然，盡管"。
72. A)�！窘馕觥拷x詞辨析。根據(jù)句義， 72 claims意為"不良的、不切實(shí)際的、或者虛偽的主張和要求"。false"錯(cuò)誤的,虛偽的,假的,無信義的,偽造的"，因此，false符合題意。fake"假的,偽造的,冒充的 "； artificial"人造的，假的，矯揉造作的，不自然的"； counterfeit"偽造的,假冒的"。
73. B)�！窘馕觥棵~辨義。根據(jù)句義我們判斷，具有良好的公眾形象是一個(gè)企業(yè)珍貴的財(cái)富。這里"財(cái)富"一詞并不指代擁有的金錢或財(cái)產(chǎn)，而是指代一種長處和優(yōu)勢。asset"財(cái)產(chǎn)"(anything owned)，"可取之處"(a desirable thing)，"優(yōu)勢"(advantage)，因此B)正確。fortune"財(cái)富,好運(yùn),命運(yùn)"； possession"擁有,占有,著迷,領(lǐng)土,財(cái)產(chǎn)(常用復(fù)數(shù))"；property"財(cái)產(chǎn),所有物,所有權(quán),性質(zhì),特性"。
74. A)�！窘馕觥縿�(dòng)詞辨義。這句話的意思是：如果一個(gè)企業(yè)有良好的形象，那么對手就很難與之抗衡或者效仿。本句中空格一詞應(yīng)能與imitate并列，如果選擇"打敗"或者"抵制"，那么競爭者效仿這一獲得良好形象的企業(yè)就無從談起。counter"反對,反擊，抗衡"，因此A)正確。defeat"擊敗,戰(zhàn)勝,使失敗,挫折"；repel"擊退,抵制,使厭惡,使不愉快"；compel"強(qiáng)迫,迫使"。
75. D)。【解析】 考查語義與詞組搭配。在上下文中，由于企業(yè)具備了良好的形象，因此它就可以把價(jià)格定得更高，可以與的發(fā)行商和經(jīng)銷商合作等等。charge price (索價(jià)，要價(jià))符合題意。pay, order, get均不與price搭配。
76. C)�！窘馕觥� 形容詞辨義。在諸多由良好的形象帶給企業(yè)的好處中，企業(yè)有望能與債權(quán)人建立的關(guān)系應(yīng)是對雙方有利的，起促進(jìn)作用的。favorable"贊成的,有利的,討人喜歡的,起促進(jìn)作用的"，因此C)正確。favorite"喜愛的,寵愛的,中意的"；prosperous"繁榮的"； prospective"預(yù)期的"。
77. B)�！窘馕觥抗潭ù钆�。price-earnings ratio"(股票市場上的)市盈率，價(jià)益比"。rate"比率,速度,等級,價(jià)格,費(fèi)用"；ration"定量,配給量,定量配給"；interest"興趣,關(guān)心,利息,利益"。
78. B)�！窘馕觥靠疾榇~。在上下文中，我們判斷空格是代替a number of factors的，因此They正確。
79. D)�！窘馕觥拷x詞辨析。根據(jù)語境，有很多因素影響了一個(gè)企業(yè)的公共形象，這些因素包括物理設(shè)備等等。因?yàn)檫@些設(shè)備會(huì)影響企業(yè)的公共形象，所以這些設(shè)備應(yīng)該是公眾能夠接觸到的設(shè)備、服務(wù)等硬件和軟件的設(shè)施，facilities指為某一特殊活動(dòng)或目的所提供的種種便利，包括設(shè)備、建筑物和服務(wù)等等，因此D)正確。appliance"用具,器具"，一般指電器設(shè)備，通常需要?jiǎng)恿Σ拍懿僮鞯募矣秒娖骱脱b置等；equipment"裝備,設(shè)備,器材,裝置",一般指機(jī)械設(shè)備；device"裝置,設(shè)計(jì),圖案,策略",既可以是抽象的，也可以是具體的。
80. B)�！窘馕觥抗潭ù钆�。contact無論作動(dòng)詞還是名詞，都與with搭配表示"與...聯(lián)系"。
81. A)�！窘馕觥看钆渑c語義。首先判斷空格一詞能與to搭配，再通過句義判斷詞組prices 81 to competitors的意義為"能與同行競爭者相抗衡的價(jià)格"，relative to"相對于"，因此答案為A)。relative"有關(guān)系的,相對的,比較而言的"；related"敘述的,講述的,有關(guān)系的"，related to"與...有關(guān)的"；reliable"可靠的,可信賴的"；reconcilable"可和解的,可調(diào)和的"。
Part Ⅵ Translation
82. he would sooner die than do such a thing
【考點(diǎn)】①主語+would sooner+動(dòng)詞原形+than+動(dòng)詞原形表示"兩者比較寧愿做...，也不愿意做另一件"，語氣比較含蓄委婉，所以動(dòng)詞前不定式不必帶to；sooner是soon 的比較級，表示"寧愿早點(diǎn)做...也不愿意做..."，強(qiáng)調(diào)意愿。該句型還有另外一種形式：Sooner than +動(dòng)詞原形...，(主句)主語+would+動(dòng)詞原形，主要是用于強(qiáng)調(diào)所比的對象，主句雖然放在后面，但不用倒裝；②do such a thing表示"做這樣的事"。
83. are students permitted to graduate in advance
【考點(diǎn)】 ①句首是Only +介詞短語，后面應(yīng)用倒裝句式，屬于部分倒裝，系動(dòng)詞+主語+其它；②are permitted to表示"被允許做..."；③in advance表示"提前"。
84. the color of our skin is due to heredity
【考點(diǎn)】 ①the color of our skin表示"膚色"；②due to表示"取決于..."；③heredity表示"遺傳"，特指生物遺傳；heritage 使用最廣泛，不僅指一般的遺產(chǎn)，也指世代相傳的具有特色的精神財(cái)富或物質(zhì)財(cái)富；inheritance 指繼承這一行為，不指繼承的東西，為抽象名詞。
85. without written permission from the publishing house
【考點(diǎn)】①介詞短語：without written permission表示"未經(jīng)允許"；②written permission表示"(書面)允許"；③the publishing house表示"出版社"。
86. is most clearly observable in the surrounding field and river
【考點(diǎn)】 ①is most clearly observable表示"完全可以看出來"，句型The...effect of...is...observable表示"...的效果是可以看出的"；②surrounding field and river表示"周圍的田野和河流"。
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