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新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法及單詞Lesson121~126

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新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法及單詞Lesson121~122


  語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use


  定語(yǔ)從句


  定語(yǔ)從句像形容詞一樣起修飾作用,但位于所修飾的名詞之后。定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo),緊跟在它所修飾的成分后面。關(guān)系代詞 who,whom與 that修飾人,which與 that修飾東西。關(guān)系代詞指代從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),同時(shí)又充當(dāng)連接詞,把從句和主句連接起來(lái)。請(qǐng)看例句:


  (1)關(guān)系代詞作從句的主語(yǔ)(who/which/that):


  The dog which/that is carrying the basket is mine.


  叼著籃子的那只狗是我的。


  He's the porter who/that carried my suitcase.


  他就是那個(gè)扛著我的衣箱的搬運(yùn)工。


  (2)關(guān)系代詞作從句的賓語(yǔ)(whom/that/which):


  They're the windows which/that the children broke yesterday.


  這些就是孩子們昨天打碎的窗戶。


  She's the lady whom I served yesterday.


  她就是我昨天服務(wù)過(guò)的那位女士。


  詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study


  1.recognize v.


  (1)認(rèn)出;認(rèn)識(shí):


  I recognize him now.


  我現(xiàn)在認(rèn)出他來(lái)了。


  Can you recognize this tune?


  你能聽(tīng)出這支曲調(diào)嗎?


  (2)承認(rèn);確認(rèn):


  I recognize that he is more capable than I am.


  我承認(rèn)他比我更有能力。


  They recognized Richard as his lawful heir.


  他們確認(rèn)理查德為他的合法繼承人。


  Are British medical qualifications recognized in other European countries?


  英國(guó)的醫(yī)生執(zhí)照在歐洲其他國(guó)家能否得到承認(rèn)?


  2.serve v.


  (1)服務(wù);接待;侍候:


  Are you being served, sir?


  先生,有人為您服務(wù)嗎?


  A young waiter served them.


  一位年輕的侍者侍候他們進(jìn)餐。


  (2)供應(yīng);擺出(食物或飲料等):


  What time is breakfast served in this hotel?


  這個(gè)飯店里什么時(shí)候供應(yīng)早餐?


  Serve it to the ladies first.


  把它先端給女士們。


  (3)為……服務(wù)/服役;任職:


  The old cook has served the family for 30 years.


  這位老廚師已為這家干了30年了。


  He began to serve in the Navy in 1960.


  他從1960年起開(kāi)始在海軍服役。




新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法及單詞Lesson123~124


  語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use


  定語(yǔ)從句中的省略


  當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞代表主語(yǔ)并且從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是(現(xiàn)在)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),關(guān)系代詞及助動(dòng)詞be均可省略。如果關(guān)系代詞在從句中代表賓語(yǔ),則往往可以省略。此外,定語(yǔ)從句可用介詞結(jié)尾。


  請(qǐng)分別看以下的例句:


  The woman standing behind the counter served me.


  站在柜臺(tái)后邊的那位婦女為我服務(wù)/招待了我。


  This is the book I bought yesterday.


  這就是我昨天買(mǎi)的那本書(shū)。


  The man I served was wearing a hat.


  我招待過(guò)的那個(gè)人當(dāng)時(shí)戴著一頂帽子。


  That's the ship we travelled on.


  那就是我們旅行時(shí)乘的船。


  That's the man I told you about.


  那就是我告訴過(guò)你有關(guān)情況的那個(gè)人。


  詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study


  1.travel v.


  (1)旅行;游歷:


  He said that if he had a lot of money he would travel around the world.


  他說(shuō),如果他有很多錢(qián)的話,他將會(huì)周游全世界。


  (2)行進(jìn);(被)傳送:


  Light travels faster than sound at the speed of 300,000 kilometres per second.


  光速比聲速要快,為每秒鐘30萬(wàn)公里。


  The news didn't travel as fast as we had expected.


  這消息傳播得不如我們所預(yù)料得那樣快。


  2.offer v.


  (1)(主動(dòng))給予;提供:


  He is offered a job in Canada.


  有人提供給他一份在加拿大的工作。


  We offered some coffee to the guests.


  我們?yōu)榭腿藗兲峁┝丝Х取?/p>

  (2)提出;出(價(jià)):


  Do you have any good suggestions to offer?


  你能否提供一些好的建議?


  I'll offer you £ 30,000 for the house.


  這所房子我愿出3萬(wàn)英鎊買(mǎi)下來(lái)。


  (3)(主動(dòng))表示愿意,提議:


  He offered to help me with my research paper.


  他表示愿意幫助我一起做我的研究論文。


  ‘I could lend you some books,’Jane offered.


  “我可以借你一些書(shū),”簡(jiǎn)自告奮勇地提議。


  3.grow v.


  (1)生長(zhǎng);成長(zhǎng):


  His hair has grown too long.


  他的頭發(fā)長(zhǎng)得太長(zhǎng)了。


  The trees have grown rapidly.


  樹(shù)木生長(zhǎng)得快。


  (2)使生長(zhǎng);留(須發(fā)):


  He grew a beard during the trip.


  他在旅行時(shí)留了胡子。


  We grew a lot of roses in our garden.


  我們?cè)谧约旱幕▓@里種植了大量的玫瑰花。




新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法及單詞Lesson125~126


  語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use


  must, have to和 needn't


  這3個(gè)詞都表示必要性。在前面已對(duì) must和 have to介紹過(guò)。


  must是情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞,而have to是普通動(dòng)詞,二者在肯定句中一般可以互換,表示不可逃避的義務(wù)或責(zé)任。must更帶有說(shuō)話人的主觀色彩,而have to則更強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀要求和外界影響。


  must一般只能表達(dá)現(xiàn)在的必要性,而have to則可以表達(dá)過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的必要性。對(duì)比例句:


  Must you go now?


  你必須現(xiàn)在就走嗎?


  Yes,I have to leave at once.


  是的,我不得不馬上就走。


  Yes,1 must leave at once.


  是的,我必須馬上就走。


  I shall have to leave London tomorrow.


  我明早得離開(kāi)倫敦。


  I had to stop smoking because it was forbidden in my company.


  因?yàn)槲宜诘墓緝?nèi)禁止抽煙,所以我不得不停止了吸煙。


  如果我們用 must來(lái)提問(wèn),則只能用needn't來(lái)表達(dá)否定的回答。 needn't 還可以理解為have to的否定回答。needn't (don't need to)和 don't have to都表示不必要;而 mustn't卻表示絕對(duì)禁止,在說(shuō)話人看來(lái)根本沒(méi)有選擇余地。請(qǐng)看例句:


  Must she leave early?


  她必須早走嗎?


  She needn’t leave early.


  她不必早走。


  Do you have to take a taxi?


  你必須乘出租汽車嗎?


  I don’t have to/need to take a taxi.


  我不必乘出租車。


  You mustn't turn left.


  你不能左轉(zhuǎn)彎。(表示絕對(duì)禁止)


  詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study


  1.mean v.


  (1)意味著,即:


  It's raining! That means you don't need to water the garden.


  下雨了!這就是說(shuō),你不必給花園澆水了。


  (2)(詞語(yǔ))表示……意思:


  What does‘perfume’ mean in English?


  “perfume”一詞在英語(yǔ)中是什么意思?


  The green light means‘Go on.’


  綠燈的意思是“繼續(xù)向前”。


  (3)意指;意欲:


  What I mean is that we'll have to go back and look for it.


  我的意思是:我們必須回去尋找它。


  He didn't mean to hurt you.


  他的本意并不是想傷害你。


  2.water v.


  (1)澆(灑)水;供水;喂水:


  The garden is very dry, I'm going to water it tomorrow morning.


  花園里很干了,明早我準(zhǔn)備給它澆些水。


  Tim is watering his lovely little dog.


  蒂姆正在給他那只可愛(ài)的小狗喂水。


  (2)充滿水;充滿淚水;流口水:


  He felt sad and his eyes watered a little.


  他感到難過(guò),眼睛有點(diǎn)兒濕潤(rùn)了。


  Ice cream always makes his mouth water.


  冰淇淋總能讓他饞得淌口水。


  (3)攙水沖淡;加水稀釋:


  Someone had been watering the milk.


  有人往牛奶里攙了水。


  He always waters drinks and sells them to tourists.


  他總是在飲料里攙水并將之賣給游客們。