【#初中二年級# #初二期末英語語法知識點總結(jié)歸納#】學(xué)習(xí)是把知識、能力、思維方法等轉(zhuǎn)化為你的私有產(chǎn)權(quán)的重要手段,是“公有轉(zhuǎn)私”的重要途徑。你的一生,無法離開學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)習(xí)是你最忠實的朋友,它會聽你的召喚,它會幫助你走向一個又一個成功。以下是®無憂考網(wǎng)為您整理的《初二期末英語語法知識點總結(jié)歸納》,供大家查閱。
1.初二期末英語語法知識點總結(jié)歸納
1.主語:
表示句子所說的是“什么人”或“什么事兒”,一般由名詞,代詞或相當于名詞的詞或者短語充當
例如:Gina is from Australia.
She often goes to the movies.
This kind of juice tastes good!
2.謂語:
主語發(fā)出的動作。一般是有動作意義的動詞。謂語和主語在人稱和數(shù)兩個方面必須保持一致。
例如: We are both quiet.
He has a smart phone.
You should study harder.
Her parents are teachers.
3. 賓語:
分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語,屬于動作的承受者。
例如:He's playing soccer.
Good food and exercise help me to study harder.
4. 系動詞:
表示狀態(tài)或狀態(tài)變化的動詞,沒有實際的動作意義。如 be, 感官系動詞(look, sound, smell, taste 和 feel)、保持類系動詞(keep, stay 和 remain)、狀態(tài)變化類系動詞(become、get、turn 和 go)等。
This picture looks so beautiful.
Keep working, you will see the post office on your right.
5. 表語:
緊跟系動詞后面的成分。說明主語是什么或者怎么樣,由 n. adj. 或者相當于名詞或形容詞的詞或者短語,和系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。
例如:Her mother is a bank clerk.
Are you ready?
We were at home last night.
6. 定語:
修飾名詞或代詞的成分。作定語的出形容詞外,還有代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語或相當于形容詞的`詞或者短語。
例如: Peel three bananas.
What's your name, please?
She's a good basketball player.
7. 狀語:
修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞或句子的成分。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時間地點目的方式程度等意義。通常有副詞、介詞短語或相當于的副詞的詞或短語來表示。
例如:People are all working hard.
Beijing is not very cold in winter.
8. 補語:
分為賓語補足語和主語補足語。是對賓語和主語的補充說明,與其有主動或被動的邏輯關(guān)系。
例如:You should keep the room clean and tidy.
你應(yīng)該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。
(You是主語, should keep是謂語,the room是賓語,clean and tidy是賓語補足語。)
This kind of food tastes delicious.
這種食物吃起來很可口。
(This kind of food是主語, tastes是系動詞, delicious是表語。)
注意:主語、謂語、賓語、系動詞、表語、補語是一個句子的主干成分;定語和狀語是一個句子的修飾性成分,不是主干成分。
2.初二期末英語語法知識點總結(jié)歸納
賓語從句
結(jié)構(gòu):主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語從句(主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語/表語)
1、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞
(1)that:沒有含義,在賓語從句中不做成分
(2)whether/if:表示是否,賓語從句中不做成分。
(3)連接代詞:what, which, who, whom, whose(在賓語從句中做主、賓、表和定語)
連接副詞:where, when, how, why(在賓語從句中做狀語)
2、在做賓語從句的題目時應(yīng)注意時態(tài)
(1)當主句是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時,賓語從句可以根據(jù)需要使用任何時態(tài)。
(2)當主句是過去時態(tài)時,賓語從句必須是一種過去的時態(tài)。
(3)當表示客觀事實或普遍真理的句子做賓語從句時,任何時候都用一般現(xiàn)在時。
say/speak/talk/tell
say:是最口語化的最普通的一個詞,意為“說出”、“說道”,著重所說的話。如:
“I want to go there by bus” , he said . 他說,“我要坐汽車到那里去!盤lease say it in English .請用英語說。
speak : “說話”,著重開口發(fā)聲,不著重所說的內(nèi)容,一般用作不及物動詞 (即后面不能直接接賓語 ) 。如:Can you speak about him? 你能不能說說他的情況?I don’t like to speak like this. 我不喜歡這樣說話。
speak 作及物動詞解時,只能和某種語言等連用,表達在對話中恰當使用詞匯的能力。
如:She speaks English well.她英語說得好。
talk : 與 speak 意義相近,也著重說話的動作,而不著重所說的話,因此,一般也只用作不及物動詞,不過,talk 暗示話是對某人說的,有較強的對話意味,著重指連續(xù)地和別人談話。如:I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他談那件事。Old women like to talk with children.老年婦女喜歡和孩子們交談。
tell : “告訴”,除較少情況外,一般后面總接雙賓語。如:He’s telling me a story.他在給我講故事。
tell a lie 撒謊 tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth 如:.Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.
3.初二期末英語語法知識點總結(jié)歸納
1.由that引導(dǎo),由于that沒有任何意義,也不充當任何句子成分。因此that在非正式文體中可以省略。這類賓語從句通常表達一種陳述意義。
e.g.He told me (that) he would go to Wuhan.
Tom says (that) he must study hard.
She told me (that) she was a student.
(1)如果由and連接兩個并列的賓語從句時,第二個that則不能省略。
e.g.She said she liked English very much and that she didn’t like math at all.
(2)常接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的謂語動詞有:believe, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, imagine, prefer, promise, report, say, see, tell, think, understand, warn, wish等。
2.由連接代詞或連接副詞who, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why引導(dǎo),含有“誰、什么、哪個、什么時候、什么地方、怎樣、為什么”等特殊疑問意義。
e.g.Do you know who they’re talking about?
Can you tell me what they’re looking for?
I don’t know where she has gone.
I wonder how she can find us.
She didn’t tell me where her hometown was.
3.由從屬連詞whether和if引導(dǎo),含有“是否,能否,對否,有否”等一般疑問意義。
e.g.She asked me if I could help her.
Jim wanted to know whether I had taken his English book.
Please tell me whether you can come or not.
在這類賓語從句中要注意兩點:
(1)if引導(dǎo)賓語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)別
if引導(dǎo)賓語從句時意為“是否”,從句中該用什么時態(tài)就應(yīng)用什么時態(tài)。
if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句時意為“假如”,從句中應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。
e.g.She wanted to know if you were a teacher.
I don’t know if the letter is yours.
They’ll go boating if it is fine tomorrow.
I’ll give it to her if she comes next week.
(2)if引導(dǎo)賓語從句時多數(shù)情況下可以與whether互換,但如果要突出“究竟是……還是不……”這層意思時,通常用whether,并在后面的加上“or not”,即一般要選擇whether構(gòu)成whether…or not的結(jié)構(gòu)。
e.g.Please find out whether the money is his or not.
Let me know whether you can come or not.
I want to know whether you can help me or not.