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Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but—regardless of whether it is or isn’t - we won’t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.
Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth,” as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve global warming, and—without major technological breakthroughs—we can’t do much about it.
From 2003 to 2050, the world’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. But that’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else’s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.
No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they’re “doing something.” Consider the Kyoto Protocol (京都議定書). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t. But it hasn’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (簽字國(guó)) didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.
The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.
The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don’t solve the engineering problem, we’re helpless.
注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。
57. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?
A) It may not prove an environmental crisis at all.
B) It is an issue requiring worldwide commitments.
C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.
D) Very little will be done to bring it under control.
58. According to the author’s understanding, what is A1 Gore’s view on global warming?
A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.
B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.
C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.
D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.
59. Greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050 because of ________.
A) economic growth
B) wasteful use of energy
C) the widening gap between the rich and poor
D) the rapid advances of science and technology
60. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, ________.
A) politicians have started to do something to better the situation
B) few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use
C) reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warming
D) international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems
61. What is the message the author intends to convey?
A) Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.
B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology.
C) The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.
D) People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.
這是一篇講述全球變暖問(wèn)題的材料。關(guān)于全球變暖在當(dāng)前如何解決，作者指出了兩點(diǎn)，一是它已經(jīng)演變成了道德問(wèn)題，二是只能通過(guò)技術(shù)突破來(lái)解決。
第一段開(kāi)頭作者拋出了自己的獨(dú)特觀點(diǎn)：we won’t do much about it。而后作了一定的解釋，認(rèn)為人們會(huì)討論全球變暖問(wèn)題(We will argue over it)，甚而做出解決問(wèn)題的姿態(tài)，但這類姿態(tài)卻不會(huì)訴諸于行動(dòng)(the less likely they are to be observed)。
下一段引用了美國(guó)前副總統(tǒng)戈?duì)柕挠^點(diǎn)：inconvenient truth，意思是承認(rèn)了問(wèn)題就能解決問(wèn)題。作者并不同意戈?duì)柕挠^點(diǎn)，并指出單單承認(rèn)問(wèn)題是不夠，解決問(wèn)題的方法是重大技術(shù)突破(major technological breakthroughs)。
第三段的內(nèi)容比較長(zhǎng)，作者列舉了詳細(xì)數(shù)據(jù)論證在未來(lái)的50年時(shí)間內(nèi)溫室氣體排放量的增長(zhǎng)幅度。作者的目的在于突出問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性，以便和下一段中政府不愿削減能耗的論述形成對(duì)比，彰顯出政府為了各自的利益而置環(huán)境問(wèn)題而不顧。這就是在作者看來(lái)的道德問(wèn)題。
既然各國(guó)政府不愿進(jìn)行能耗削減，那么解決問(wèn)題的辦法只有一個(gè)：新技術(shù)突破。倒數(shù)第二段具體論述了新技術(shù)突破作為全球變暖問(wèn)題出路的觀點(diǎn)(the only solution is new technology)。
后一段從另一個(gè)方面論述了新技術(shù)突破作為問(wèn)題解決辦法的必要性，也就是在道德層面(政府不作為)無(wú)法解決問(wèn)題的情況，必須從工程(engineering，實(shí)際指的是技術(shù)革新)的角度去實(shí)現(xiàn)突破，否則就是徹底的helpless了。
57. D
題目問(wèn)哪個(gè)是第一段中有關(guān)全球變暖的說(shuō)法。
A，全球變暖可能根本就不會(huì)發(fā)展為環(huán)境危機(jī)。
B，這是一個(gè)需要全世界都付出努力的課題。
C，為避免或阻止全球變暖，已經(jīng)采取了重大步驟。
D，將不會(huì)采取什么措施來(lái)控制全球變暖。
第一段并不容易理解，因?yàn)樽髡咴谶@里玩弄了一些文字游戲，如may or may not和whether it is or isn’t，其真實(shí)意圖不好把握。第一段可以分為兩個(gè)語(yǔ)意群，第一句算是一個(gè)語(yǔ)意群，后面兩句合為一個(gè)語(yǔ)意群。
從字面意思上看，第一句意思是全球變暖可能成為危機(jī)也可能不會(huì)變成危機(jī)，但不管會(huì)否變?yōu)椋覀兌疾粫?huì)采取什么措施。這是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折句，通常情況下，轉(zhuǎn)折之后的句子具有更重要的意義，或者說(shuō)體現(xiàn)了作者的真實(shí)意圖。那么從這一句可以判斷出全球變暖會(huì)否成為危機(jī)并不是這個(gè)句子關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)，焦點(diǎn)是我們不會(huì)采取措施來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)它。這樣的話，A就是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)，而D是對(duì)的。
后面兩句的大意是：我們會(huì)討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題，甚至?xí)龀鎏没实淖藨B(tài)來(lái)避免全球變暖，但這些姿態(tài)越堂皇，其得以實(shí)施的可能性越小。這個(gè)語(yǔ)意群的重心同樣在轉(zhuǎn)折以后，也就是這些姿態(tài)(即提出的措施)被實(shí)行的可能性很小。這個(gè)意思和D的說(shuō)法保持一致。由此可以判斷D為正確答案。
58. C
根據(jù)作者的理解，Gore對(duì)全球變暖的觀點(diǎn)是什么。
A，全球變暖是一項(xiàng)事實(shí)，但大眾和政治家都沒(méi)有意識(shí)到它。
B，這是一種會(huì)給我們帶來(lái)諸多不便的現(xiàn)象。
C，全球變暖一旦被人們認(rèn)識(shí)到，就會(huì)得以解決。
D，我們對(duì)全球變暖實(shí)際上知之甚少。
第二段提到Gore的觀點(diǎn)只用了一個(gè)詞組，即inconvenient truth，字面意思是“會(huì)給人們帶來(lái)不方便的真相”，從這個(gè)詞組無(wú)法判斷出其具體含義。不過(guò)此后作者使用了一個(gè)as if從句，對(duì)這個(gè)詞組進(jìn)行描述，應(yīng)該是作者對(duì)Gore觀點(diǎn)的理解。As if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution，直譯為“好像僅僅承認(rèn)它就會(huì)使我們走上解決它的道路”，意思也就是承認(rèn)它就能解決它。這應(yīng)該是作者對(duì)Gore觀點(diǎn)的全部理解，此后的幾句以But引出轉(zhuǎn)折，應(yīng)該是作者開(kāi)始表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，與Gore無(wú)關(guān)。
四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，C的說(shuō)法與上文的分析一致。A所說(shuō)的unaware是沒(méi)有意識(shí)到、不知道的意思，和“承認(rèn)”不同。B是對(duì)inconvenient truth字面意思的望文生義。D的說(shuō)法和Gore的觀點(diǎn)相去甚遠(yuǎn)，更可能是結(jié)合But之后作者自己的觀點(diǎn)而安排的迷惑選項(xiàng)。
59. A
溫室排放量到2050年不止于翻倍，原因是什么。
A，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)
B，能源的浪費(fèi)使用
C，貧富差距拉大
D，科技的快速發(fā)展
More than double by 2050出現(xiàn)在第三段的末尾：With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050——介詞with可以表示原因，或伴隨狀態(tài)，實(shí)際上提示了溫室排放翻倍的原因是modest growth，即適度增長(zhǎng)。這里的增長(zhǎng)當(dāng)然是指經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，economic作了承前省略處理。單從這個(gè)句子就可以判斷出正確答案是A。
實(shí)際上這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)在第三大段中都有所提及，需要做出分辨。能源的浪費(fèi)使用和溫室排放之間聯(lián)系非常緊密，可以認(rèn)為前者實(shí)際上等于后者，因?yàn)槟茉词褂玫耐瑫r(shí)即是在排放溫室氣體。能源的浪費(fèi)使用并不能準(zhǔn)確地解釋為什么溫室排放量會(huì)超過(guò)2倍地增長(zhǎng)。
第三段第四句話提到了窮人，但這里的意思是說(shuō)除非我們想讓窮人永遠(yuǎn)窮下去，否則就需要實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。此句的目的在于說(shuō)明經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的必要性，和溫室排放量的關(guān)系不夠緊密。
從文意來(lái)看，科技的快速發(fā)展是減少溫室排放的有效途徑，因此說(shuō)D的說(shuō)法起到的是相反的作用，而不會(huì)使排放量增長(zhǎng)到2倍。
60. B
作者認(rèn)為，京都議定書簽訂以來(lái)……
A，政治家們已經(jīng)開(kāi)始動(dòng)手改變形勢(shì)。
B，很少有國(guó)家采取了真正嚴(yán)格的措施限制能源的使用。
C，能耗的消減已經(jīng)大大減緩全球變暖形勢(shì)。
D，已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了致力于解決環(huán)境問(wèn)題的國(guó)際合作。
文章提到京都議定書是在第四段中間的一句(Consider the Kyoto protocol)，而后開(kāi)始對(duì)京都議定書進(jìn)行評(píng)述。一共兩句話，It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t，意思是它允許加入該議定書的國(guó)家懲罰不加入的國(guó)家，這應(yīng)該是指該議定書的功能。這一功能到底能否達(dá)到了呢?下面一句給出了答案，But it hasn’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets，這里給出了兩點(diǎn)結(jié)果，一是它沒(méi)有減少二氧化碳排放量，二是許多簽署國(guó)沒(méi)有采取足夠嚴(yán)格的措施來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)2008-2012的目標(biāo)。這里所說(shuō)的目標(biāo)應(yīng)該就是像B所說(shuō)的限制能源的使用，所以B的說(shuō)法是對(duì)的。
61. B
題目問(wèn)作者想要傳達(dá)什么信息。
A，相較于實(shí)際問(wèn)題，全球變暖更是道德問(wèn)題。
B，全球變暖的終極解決辦法有賴于新技術(shù)。
C，有關(guān)全球變暖的爭(zhēng)論將會(huì)引發(fā)技術(shù)革命。
D，為了阻止全球變暖，人們必須放棄某些物質(zhì)享受。
與A相關(guān)的內(nèi)容是后一段第一句話，the trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really engineering one，這里出現(xiàn)了moral problem，A的說(shuō)法正好源于此。這里的engineering one是指工程問(wèn)題，也就是實(shí)際問(wèn)題。在engineering one之前作者使用了really一詞，說(shuō)明作者更傾向于認(rèn)為全球變暖是一個(gè)實(shí)際問(wèn)題，只是現(xiàn)實(shí)情況是它變成了一個(gè)道德問(wèn)題，體現(xiàn)出作者的一種無(wú)奈感。
倒數(shù)第二段提到了B所說(shuō)的新技術(shù)：the only solution is new technology，解決全球變暖問(wèn)題的辦法就是新技術(shù)。后面的一句是對(duì)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，可以說(shuō)B的說(shuō)法是符合文意的。
關(guān)于技術(shù)革命和全球變暖爭(zhēng)論之間的關(guān)系，應(yīng)該是技術(shù)革命會(huì)解決全球變暖問(wèn)題，這也是作者所持的觀點(diǎn)。而根據(jù)后一段的說(shuō)法，關(guān)于全球變暖問(wèn)題的爭(zhēng)論已經(jīng)演變成道德問(wèn)題，和技術(shù)革命沒(méi)有關(guān)系，所以C的說(shuō)法不對(duì)。
至于D，在文章中沒(méi)有涉及到放棄某些物質(zhì)享受的內(nèi)容，應(yīng)該屬于生造出來(lái)的選項(xiàng)，所以可以排除。
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but—regardless of whether it is or isn’t - we won’t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.
Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth,” as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve global warming, and—without major technological breakthroughs—we can’t do much about it.
From 2003 to 2050, the world’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. But that’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else’s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.
No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they’re “doing something.” Consider the Kyoto Protocol (京都議定書). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t. But it hasn’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (簽字國(guó)) didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.
The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.
The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don’t solve the engineering problem, we’re helpless.
注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。
57. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?
A) It may not prove an environmental crisis at all.
B) It is an issue requiring worldwide commitments.
C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.
D) Very little will be done to bring it under control.
58. According to the author’s understanding, what is A1 Gore’s view on global warming?
A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.
B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.
C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.
D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.
59. Greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050 because of ________.
A) economic growth
B) wasteful use of energy
C) the widening gap between the rich and poor
D) the rapid advances of science and technology
60. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, ________.
A) politicians have started to do something to better the situation
B) few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use
C) reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warming
D) international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems
61. What is the message the author intends to convey?
A) Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.
B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology.
C) The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.
D) People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.
這是一篇講述全球變暖問(wèn)題的材料。關(guān)于全球變暖在當(dāng)前如何解決，作者指出了兩點(diǎn)，一是它已經(jīng)演變成了道德問(wèn)題，二是只能通過(guò)技術(shù)突破來(lái)解決。
第一段開(kāi)頭作者拋出了自己的獨(dú)特觀點(diǎn)：we won’t do much about it。而后作了一定的解釋，認(rèn)為人們會(huì)討論全球變暖問(wèn)題(We will argue over it)，甚而做出解決問(wèn)題的姿態(tài)，但這類姿態(tài)卻不會(huì)訴諸于行動(dòng)(the less likely they are to be observed)。
下一段引用了美國(guó)前副總統(tǒng)戈?duì)柕挠^點(diǎn)：inconvenient truth，意思是承認(rèn)了問(wèn)題就能解決問(wèn)題。作者并不同意戈?duì)柕挠^點(diǎn)，并指出單單承認(rèn)問(wèn)題是不夠，解決問(wèn)題的方法是重大技術(shù)突破(major technological breakthroughs)。
第三段的內(nèi)容比較長(zhǎng)，作者列舉了詳細(xì)數(shù)據(jù)論證在未來(lái)的50年時(shí)間內(nèi)溫室氣體排放量的增長(zhǎng)幅度。作者的目的在于突出問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性，以便和下一段中政府不愿削減能耗的論述形成對(duì)比，彰顯出政府為了各自的利益而置環(huán)境問(wèn)題而不顧。這就是在作者看來(lái)的道德問(wèn)題。
既然各國(guó)政府不愿進(jìn)行能耗削減，那么解決問(wèn)題的辦法只有一個(gè)：新技術(shù)突破。倒數(shù)第二段具體論述了新技術(shù)突破作為全球變暖問(wèn)題出路的觀點(diǎn)(the only solution is new technology)。
后一段從另一個(gè)方面論述了新技術(shù)突破作為問(wèn)題解決辦法的必要性，也就是在道德層面(政府不作為)無(wú)法解決問(wèn)題的情況，必須從工程(engineering，實(shí)際指的是技術(shù)革新)的角度去實(shí)現(xiàn)突破，否則就是徹底的helpless了。
57. D
題目問(wèn)哪個(gè)是第一段中有關(guān)全球變暖的說(shuō)法。
A，全球變暖可能根本就不會(huì)發(fā)展為環(huán)境危機(jī)。
B，這是一個(gè)需要全世界都付出努力的課題。
C，為避免或阻止全球變暖，已經(jīng)采取了重大步驟。
D，將不會(huì)采取什么措施來(lái)控制全球變暖。
第一段并不容易理解，因?yàn)樽髡咴谶@里玩弄了一些文字游戲，如may or may not和whether it is or isn’t，其真實(shí)意圖不好把握。第一段可以分為兩個(gè)語(yǔ)意群，第一句算是一個(gè)語(yǔ)意群，后面兩句合為一個(gè)語(yǔ)意群。
從字面意思上看，第一句意思是全球變暖可能成為危機(jī)也可能不會(huì)變成危機(jī)，但不管會(huì)否變?yōu)椋覀兌疾粫?huì)采取什么措施。這是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折句，通常情況下，轉(zhuǎn)折之后的句子具有更重要的意義，或者說(shuō)體現(xiàn)了作者的真實(shí)意圖。那么從這一句可以判斷出全球變暖會(huì)否成為危機(jī)并不是這個(gè)句子關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)，焦點(diǎn)是我們不會(huì)采取措施來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)它。這樣的話，A就是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)，而D是對(duì)的。
后面兩句的大意是：我們會(huì)討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題，甚至?xí)龀鎏没实淖藨B(tài)來(lái)避免全球變暖，但這些姿態(tài)越堂皇，其得以實(shí)施的可能性越小。這個(gè)語(yǔ)意群的重心同樣在轉(zhuǎn)折以后，也就是這些姿態(tài)(即提出的措施)被實(shí)行的可能性很小。這個(gè)意思和D的說(shuō)法保持一致。由此可以判斷D為正確答案。
58. C
根據(jù)作者的理解，Gore對(duì)全球變暖的觀點(diǎn)是什么。
A，全球變暖是一項(xiàng)事實(shí)，但大眾和政治家都沒(méi)有意識(shí)到它。
B，這是一種會(huì)給我們帶來(lái)諸多不便的現(xiàn)象。
C，全球變暖一旦被人們認(rèn)識(shí)到，就會(huì)得以解決。
D，我們對(duì)全球變暖實(shí)際上知之甚少。
第二段提到Gore的觀點(diǎn)只用了一個(gè)詞組，即inconvenient truth，字面意思是“會(huì)給人們帶來(lái)不方便的真相”，從這個(gè)詞組無(wú)法判斷出其具體含義。不過(guò)此后作者使用了一個(gè)as if從句，對(duì)這個(gè)詞組進(jìn)行描述，應(yīng)該是作者對(duì)Gore觀點(diǎn)的理解。As if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution，直譯為“好像僅僅承認(rèn)它就會(huì)使我們走上解決它的道路”，意思也就是承認(rèn)它就能解決它。這應(yīng)該是作者對(duì)Gore觀點(diǎn)的全部理解，此后的幾句以But引出轉(zhuǎn)折，應(yīng)該是作者開(kāi)始表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，與Gore無(wú)關(guān)。
四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，C的說(shuō)法與上文的分析一致。A所說(shuō)的unaware是沒(méi)有意識(shí)到、不知道的意思，和“承認(rèn)”不同。B是對(duì)inconvenient truth字面意思的望文生義。D的說(shuō)法和Gore的觀點(diǎn)相去甚遠(yuǎn)，更可能是結(jié)合But之后作者自己的觀點(diǎn)而安排的迷惑選項(xiàng)。
59. A
溫室排放量到2050年不止于翻倍，原因是什么。
A，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)
B，能源的浪費(fèi)使用
C，貧富差距拉大
D，科技的快速發(fā)展
More than double by 2050出現(xiàn)在第三段的末尾：With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050——介詞with可以表示原因，或伴隨狀態(tài)，實(shí)際上提示了溫室排放翻倍的原因是modest growth，即適度增長(zhǎng)。這里的增長(zhǎng)當(dāng)然是指經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，economic作了承前省略處理。單從這個(gè)句子就可以判斷出正確答案是A。
實(shí)際上這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)在第三大段中都有所提及，需要做出分辨。能源的浪費(fèi)使用和溫室排放之間聯(lián)系非常緊密，可以認(rèn)為前者實(shí)際上等于后者，因?yàn)槟茉词褂玫耐瑫r(shí)即是在排放溫室氣體。能源的浪費(fèi)使用并不能準(zhǔn)確地解釋為什么溫室排放量會(huì)超過(guò)2倍地增長(zhǎng)。
第三段第四句話提到了窮人，但這里的意思是說(shuō)除非我們想讓窮人永遠(yuǎn)窮下去，否則就需要實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。此句的目的在于說(shuō)明經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的必要性，和溫室排放量的關(guān)系不夠緊密。
從文意來(lái)看，科技的快速發(fā)展是減少溫室排放的有效途徑，因此說(shuō)D的說(shuō)法起到的是相反的作用，而不會(huì)使排放量增長(zhǎng)到2倍。
60. B
作者認(rèn)為，京都議定書簽訂以來(lái)……
A，政治家們已經(jīng)開(kāi)始動(dòng)手改變形勢(shì)。
B，很少有國(guó)家采取了真正嚴(yán)格的措施限制能源的使用。
C，能耗的消減已經(jīng)大大減緩全球變暖形勢(shì)。
D，已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了致力于解決環(huán)境問(wèn)題的國(guó)際合作。
文章提到京都議定書是在第四段中間的一句(Consider the Kyoto protocol)，而后開(kāi)始對(duì)京都議定書進(jìn)行評(píng)述。一共兩句話，It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t，意思是它允許加入該議定書的國(guó)家懲罰不加入的國(guó)家，這應(yīng)該是指該議定書的功能。這一功能到底能否達(dá)到了呢?下面一句給出了答案，But it hasn’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets，這里給出了兩點(diǎn)結(jié)果，一是它沒(méi)有減少二氧化碳排放量，二是許多簽署國(guó)沒(méi)有采取足夠嚴(yán)格的措施來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)2008-2012的目標(biāo)。這里所說(shuō)的目標(biāo)應(yīng)該就是像B所說(shuō)的限制能源的使用，所以B的說(shuō)法是對(duì)的。
61. B
題目問(wèn)作者想要傳達(dá)什么信息。
A，相較于實(shí)際問(wèn)題，全球變暖更是道德問(wèn)題。
B，全球變暖的終極解決辦法有賴于新技術(shù)。
C，有關(guān)全球變暖的爭(zhēng)論將會(huì)引發(fā)技術(shù)革命。
D，為了阻止全球變暖，人們必須放棄某些物質(zhì)享受。
與A相關(guān)的內(nèi)容是后一段第一句話，the trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really engineering one，這里出現(xiàn)了moral problem，A的說(shuō)法正好源于此。這里的engineering one是指工程問(wèn)題，也就是實(shí)際問(wèn)題。在engineering one之前作者使用了really一詞，說(shuō)明作者更傾向于認(rèn)為全球變暖是一個(gè)實(shí)際問(wèn)題，只是現(xiàn)實(shí)情況是它變成了一個(gè)道德問(wèn)題，體現(xiàn)出作者的一種無(wú)奈感。
倒數(shù)第二段提到了B所說(shuō)的新技術(shù)：the only solution is new technology，解決全球變暖問(wèn)題的辦法就是新技術(shù)。后面的一句是對(duì)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，可以說(shuō)B的說(shuō)法是符合文意的。
關(guān)于技術(shù)革命和全球變暖爭(zhēng)論之間的關(guān)系，應(yīng)該是技術(shù)革命會(huì)解決全球變暖問(wèn)題，這也是作者所持的觀點(diǎn)。而根據(jù)后一段的說(shuō)法，關(guān)于全球變暖問(wèn)題的爭(zhēng)論已經(jīng)演變成道德問(wèn)題，和技術(shù)革命沒(méi)有關(guān)系，所以C的說(shuō)法不對(duì)。
至于D，在文章中沒(méi)有涉及到放棄某些物質(zhì)享受的內(nèi)容，應(yīng)該屬于生造出來(lái)的選項(xiàng)，所以可以排除。
