英語詞法專題講座十七：賓語從句
一、直接引語變間接引語
1. 人稱的變化：一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新。
1). “一隨主” 指若直接引語中的主語為第一人稱時(shí), 變間接引語時(shí)應(yīng)與主句的主語人稱一致.
She said “I like playing basketball”.
She said that _____ _____ playing basketball.
2). “二隨賓” 指若直接賓語中的主語為第二人稱時(shí), 變間接賓語時(shí)應(yīng)與主句的賓語人稱一致.
She asked Tom “Can I have a look at your picture”.
She asked Tom if ______ could have a look at ______ picture.
3). “第三人稱不更新”指若直接賓語中的主語為第三人稱時(shí), 變間接賓語時(shí)人稱保持不變.
She said to me “They want to help me”.
She told me that _____ _____ to help me.
2. 指示代詞，時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)狀語的變化
直接引語
間接引語
指示代詞
this
that
that
those
時(shí)間狀語
now
then
today
that day
this morning
that morning
three days ago
three days before
Last week
the week before
tomorrow
the next /
following day
next year
the next year
地點(diǎn)
狀語
here
there
動(dòng)詞
come
go
二. 賓語從句的考查
賓語從句在句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。
1. 考查賓語從句的語序：
賓語從句的語序用陳述句語序。即 “主語+謂語+……
Do you know when __________?
A. does the next train leave B. the next train leaves
C. will the next train leave D. the next train will leave
注：若從句時(shí)疑問句，但語序不變的有：
1). who在從句中作主語。
Can you tell me _________? (誰將來這兒)
2). what’s wrong / the matter?
He asked what was the matter with me.
3). what happened
I don’t know what happened yesterday.
4). which is the way to ….?
Can you tell me which is the way to the park ?
2. 考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞
1). 若賓語從句時(shí)陳述句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用that 且that 可省掉。
She said “I’m gald to see you” = She said _____ _____ ______ gald to see me.
2). 賓語從句時(shí)一般疑問句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用if 或whether. 一般情況下if /whether 可互換，但后有or not / or 、動(dòng)詞不定式或介詞的后面時(shí)，只能用whether.
He saked me “Are you going to Wuhan ?” = He asked me ______ _____ _____ going to Wuhan.
I’m thinking about ______ to go there.
A. if B. whether C. that
3). 賓語從句時(shí)特殊疑問句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用特殊疑問詞。
Do you know ________? I’m not sure, Maybe he is a businessman.
A. who he is B. who is he C. what he does D. what does he do
4). 若賓語從句時(shí)肯定祈使句時(shí)，就改為ask /tell sb to do sth. 若為否定祈使句，就改為ask /tell sb not to sth.
“Don’t open the door” The teacher said. = The teacher told me _____ ____ ___ the door.
3.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)
1. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語從句該用什麼時(shí)態(tài)就用什麼時(shí)態(tài)。
Can you tell me _________? He is a doctor.
A. what is he B. what he was C. what he is D. what was he
2. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)（一般過去時(shí)， 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)， 過去將來時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)）。
He asked ____________.
A. what time it is B. what time is it C. what time it was D. what time was it
He told me that he ______ for the sports meet.
A. is preparing B. was preparing C. will prepare D. has prepared
注：1) 如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
Our teacher said that January_____(be) the first month of the year.
Our teacher said that the earth ___(go) around the sun.
2).若主句為could you …..?表示請(qǐng)求客氣的語氣，從句的時(shí)態(tài)仍然不變。
Could you tell me _______?
A. what he was doing B. what was he doing
C. what he is doing D. what is he doing
4. if /when 引導(dǎo)狀語從句和賓語從句這兩種從句。從句的時(shí)態(tài)的確定。
if
When
if/when從句的時(shí)態(tài)
條件/時(shí)間狀語從句
如果、假如
當(dāng)…的時(shí)候
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
賓語從句
是否
什么時(shí)候
一般將來時(shí)
Can you guess if they___ to play football with us?
I think they will come if they ____free.
A. come, are B. will come, will be C. will come, are D. come, will be
Can you tell me when he____here tomorrow?
When he _____ here, please call me.
A. comes, comes B. will come, will come C. will come, comes D. comes, will come
5. 賓語從句的簡(jiǎn)化：
1). 賓語從句是陳述句時(shí)，且主、從句的主語一致，可簡(jiǎn)化為“動(dòng)詞+ to do sth”.
I hope I can meet you again.
I hope _____ _____ you again.
2). 賓語從句是疑問句時(shí)，且主、從句的主語一致，或從句的主語與主句的賓語一致�？珊�(jiǎn)化為“疑問詞+ to do sth”.
I don’t know what I should do next.
I don’t know ____ ____ _____ next.
Could you tell me how I can get there?
Could you tell me ____ ____ _____ there?
John didn’t decide which shirt he would buy.
John didn’t decide _____ ____ _____ _____ .
3). hear / see / find + that + 從句 ，可改為“hear / see / find + sb (要用賓格) + doing sth”.
I heard that they were singing in the next room.
=I heard _____ _____ in the next room.
We found that she was playing with the cat under the tree.
We found _____ _____ with the cat under the tree.
一、直接引語變間接引語
1. 人稱的變化：一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新。
1). “一隨主” 指若直接引語中的主語為第一人稱時(shí), 變間接引語時(shí)應(yīng)與主句的主語人稱一致.
She said “I like playing basketball”.
She said that _____ _____ playing basketball.
2). “二隨賓” 指若直接賓語中的主語為第二人稱時(shí), 變間接賓語時(shí)應(yīng)與主句的賓語人稱一致.
She asked Tom “Can I have a look at your picture”.
She asked Tom if ______ could have a look at ______ picture.
3). “第三人稱不更新”指若直接賓語中的主語為第三人稱時(shí), 變間接賓語時(shí)人稱保持不變.
She said to me “They want to help me”.
She told me that _____ _____ to help me.
2. 指示代詞，時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)狀語的變化
直接引語
間接引語
指示代詞
this
that
that
those
時(shí)間狀語
now
then
today
that day
this morning
that morning
three days ago
three days before
Last week
the week before
tomorrow
the next /
following day
next year
the next year
地點(diǎn)
狀語
here
there
動(dòng)詞
come
go
二. 賓語從句的考查
賓語從句在句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。
1. 考查賓語從句的語序：
賓語從句的語序用陳述句語序。即 “主語+謂語+……
Do you know when __________?
A. does the next train leave B. the next train leaves
C. will the next train leave D. the next train will leave
注：若從句時(shí)疑問句，但語序不變的有：
1). who在從句中作主語。
Can you tell me _________? (誰將來這兒)
2). what’s wrong / the matter?
He asked what was the matter with me.
3). what happened
I don’t know what happened yesterday.
4). which is the way to ….?
Can you tell me which is the way to the park ?
2. 考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞
1). 若賓語從句時(shí)陳述句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用that 且that 可省掉。
She said “I’m gald to see you” = She said _____ _____ ______ gald to see me.
2). 賓語從句時(shí)一般疑問句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用if 或whether. 一般情況下if /whether 可互換，但后有or not / or 、動(dòng)詞不定式或介詞的后面時(shí)，只能用whether.
He saked me “Are you going to Wuhan ?” = He asked me ______ _____ _____ going to Wuhan.
I’m thinking about ______ to go there.
A. if B. whether C. that
3). 賓語從句時(shí)特殊疑問句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用特殊疑問詞。
Do you know ________? I’m not sure, Maybe he is a businessman.
A. who he is B. who is he C. what he does D. what does he do
4). 若賓語從句時(shí)肯定祈使句時(shí)，就改為ask /tell sb to do sth. 若為否定祈使句，就改為ask /tell sb not to sth.
“Don’t open the door” The teacher said. = The teacher told me _____ ____ ___ the door.
3.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)
1. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語從句該用什麼時(shí)態(tài)就用什麼時(shí)態(tài)。
Can you tell me _________? He is a doctor.
A. what is he B. what he was C. what he is D. what was he
2. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)（一般過去時(shí)， 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)， 過去將來時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)）。
He asked ____________.
A. what time it is B. what time is it C. what time it was D. what time was it
He told me that he ______ for the sports meet.
A. is preparing B. was preparing C. will prepare D. has prepared
注：1) 如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
Our teacher said that January_____(be) the first month of the year.
Our teacher said that the earth ___(go) around the sun.
2).若主句為could you …..?表示請(qǐng)求客氣的語氣，從句的時(shí)態(tài)仍然不變。
Could you tell me _______?
A. what he was doing B. what was he doing
C. what he is doing D. what is he doing
4. if /when 引導(dǎo)狀語從句和賓語從句這兩種從句。從句的時(shí)態(tài)的確定。
if
When
if/when從句的時(shí)態(tài)
條件/時(shí)間狀語從句
如果、假如
當(dāng)…的時(shí)候
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
賓語從句
是否
什么時(shí)候
一般將來時(shí)
Can you guess if they___ to play football with us?
I think they will come if they ____free.
A. come, are B. will come, will be C. will come, are D. come, will be
Can you tell me when he____here tomorrow?
When he _____ here, please call me.
A. comes, comes B. will come, will come C. will come, comes D. comes, will come
5. 賓語從句的簡(jiǎn)化：
1). 賓語從句是陳述句時(shí)，且主、從句的主語一致，可簡(jiǎn)化為“動(dòng)詞+ to do sth”.
I hope I can meet you again.
I hope _____ _____ you again.
2). 賓語從句是疑問句時(shí)，且主、從句的主語一致，或從句的主語與主句的賓語一致�？珊�(jiǎn)化為“疑問詞+ to do sth”.
I don’t know what I should do next.
I don’t know ____ ____ _____ next.
Could you tell me how I can get there?
Could you tell me ____ ____ _____ there?
John didn’t decide which shirt he would buy.
John didn’t decide _____ ____ _____ _____ .
3). hear / see / find + that + 從句 ，可改為“hear / see / find + sb (要用賓格) + doing sth”.
I heard that they were singing in the next room.
=I heard _____ _____ in the next room.
We found that she was playing with the cat under the tree.
We found _____ _____ with the cat under the tree.
