一.重點單詞
1.include v.包含,包括
Six students have been to Japan, including me.
六個學(xué)生曾去過日本,包括我。
拓展:
(1)contain 指作為組成部分被包含在內(nèi),是內(nèi)容物的包括。
The drink contains alcohol.
這種飲料里含有酒精。
(2)include指作為整體的一部分包括進(jìn)去,是范圍的包括。
His duty includes answering phones.
他的責(zé)任包括接電話。
(3) including +名詞/代詞 意思為 “包括...在內(nèi)”。
(4) 名詞/代詞+ included 意思為 “...被包括在內(nèi)”。
運用:選擇填空
(1)Five students, ____Tom, passed the exam the other day.
A. included B. including C. contain D. contained
答案:B including +名詞/代詞 意思為 “包括...在內(nèi)”,
名詞/代詞+ included 意思為 “...被包括在內(nèi)”。Tom included 也對。
(2) The boss has______ the broken cup in your bill.
A. including B. included C. contained D. containing
答案:B include指作為整體的一部分包括進(jìn)去,是范圍的包括。
2.journey n.旅行
拓展:
trip , tour, travel與journey的區(qū)別
journey主要指路地長途旅行, trip常指短距離的旅行,遠(yuǎn)足。
tour常指觀光、考察等的環(huán)游旅行,travel指短距離或國外旅行
運用:選擇填空
He likes __ to France.
A. journey B. traveling C. tour D. trip
答案:B like to do/doing sth
3. power n.
1) 權(quán),政權(quán);權(quán)力;勢力 (+over)
2) 職權(quán);權(quán)限[C][U][+to-v]
The president has the power to vote down bills.
總統(tǒng)有權(quán)否決議案。
3) 能力,本領(lǐng) (+of)
She lost her power of speech.
她失去了說話的能力。
4)力;動力,電力
The shortage of power dimmed the streets.
由于電力不足,街道昏暗。
5) (有時大寫)有權(quán)力的人;有影響的機(jī)構(gòu);強(qiáng)國,大國
The world powers will meet in Paris this summer.
今夏世界上的大國將在巴黎聚會。
拓展:
powerful adj. 有影響力的,權(quán)力大的 powerfully adv.有權(quán)勢地
(1) come into power 上臺、執(zhí)政(強(qiáng)調(diào)動作)
(2) the power to do sth =the power of doing sth 做……的能力
類似用法的詞還有way, chance等。
(3) out of/beyond one's power 某人不能勝任的;能力所不及
(4) in power 執(zhí)政,當(dāng)權(quán)(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài))
(5) have power over sb. 能支配某人
運用:選擇填空
When Hitler came into___, he found the doors of the study closed to him.
A. light B. power C. office D. being
答案:B come into power 上臺、執(zhí)政。
4.accept v.接受、應(yīng)允、收受 答應(yīng)
拓展:
accept強(qiáng)調(diào)自愿主動地接受,receive強(qiáng)調(diào)被動接受 或收到
accept作及物動詞,還表示承認(rèn),相信 ,接納。
Mary received a gift from a friend of hers, but she didn't accept it.
I can't accept my new boss.
運用:選擇填空
He did____ the gift, but he didn’t____ it.
A. accept; receive B. receive; accept
C. accepted; receive. D. receive; accepted
答案: D accept強(qiáng)調(diào)自愿主動地接受,receive強(qiáng)調(diào)被動接受 或收到。
5.decorate vt裝飾;布置
He decorated the room with flowers.
他用鮮花裝飾了那間房子。
拓展:
(1)decorate sth with sth 用某物裝點某物
(2)decoration n 裝潢,裝飾品
運用: 翻譯
他為了給我裝修房間買了許多裝飾品給我。
答案: He bought me a lot of decorations to decorate my rooms.
6.darkness 黑暗
The whole country was in thick darkness when the war broke out.
當(dāng)戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)時,整個國家都籠罩在深深的黑暗中。
拓展:
darkness與dark的區(qū)別,darkness常指一時的黑暗。dark表示經(jīng)常
的黑暗或長時間的黑暗,用時需加the。
Keep sb in the dark 為某人保密
Keep sth in the dark 暗中做事
運用:選擇填空
lt was ________before we got there.
A. lights B. moon C. bright D. dark
答案: D dark表示經(jīng)常的黑暗或長時間的黑暗。
7. occasion n.
1) 場合,時刻;重大活動,盛典[C]
2) 時機(jī),機(jī)會
I seized the occasion to invite her home for dinner.
我抓住機(jī)會邀請她回家里吃飯。
3)起因,近因 (+of)
His departure was the occasion of much sadness.
他的離別是令人十分悲傷的起因。
4) 理由;需要[U] (+for/+to-v)
He has no occasion to buy another bike.
他沒有必要再買一輛自行車。
拓展:occasion vt.
引起;惹起
Li Ming rude behavior occasioned a quarrel.
李明的粗魯行為引起了一場爭吵。
與occasion搭配的相關(guān)詞組:
by occasion of 由于,因為;
on occasion(s) 偶爾,間或,有時;
on the occasion of 在…之際;
on this occasion 這一次
on one occasion 曾經(jīng),有一個時候
運用:完成句子
(1) 由于粗心她沒有通過考試。
He failed the exam ____ occasion ___ his carelessness.
答案: by; of
(2) 你沒有理由賣掉這房子。
You have no occasion ___ ___ the house.
答案:to; sell
8. contribute v.
拓展:(1)捐獻(xiàn),貢獻(xiàn),增加
The terrible weather contributed to our difficulty .
惡劣的天氣增加人們的困難。
(2)向……投稿
Li Lei often contributes to the magazine.
李雷經(jīng)常給雜志投稿。
(3)contribution n.貢獻(xiàn),常用詞組 make a contribution /contributions to
為……做貢獻(xiàn)
They made great contributions to their motherland.
他為他的祖國作出了很大的貢獻(xiàn)。
運用:選擇填空
The rich man _________much money ___his hometown.
A.contributed; to B.contribute; to C.contibuted to; to D.contributes to; on
答案:A contribute ...to... 有“捐獻(xiàn),貢獻(xiàn),增加,向……投稿”之意。9. destroy vt.
1) 毀壞,破壞
A fire destroyed the house.
一場火毀壞了那座房屋。
2) 殺死,消滅
3)打破(希望、計劃);使失敗
What she said destroyed his last hope.
她說的話摧毀了他最后的希望。
拓展:damage ,ruin ,destroy 的hurt區(qū)別
(1)damage,destroy,ruin主要用于無生命的事物,
而hurt主要用于有生命的人或動物。
(2)damage 通常表示事物的價值或功能部分受損。如:
The ship was damaged in the bottom.
那條船的底部被損壞。
(3)destroy,ruin均表示事物全部被毀。如:
They destroy all of the two enemy warships
他們把2艘敵艦全部殲滅。
(4)hurt 有適用范圍較廣,可指人或動物因各種原因?qū)е碌奶弁椿驌p傷。如:
Children are liable to get hurt when they play.
孩子們在玩耍時易受傷。
運用:翻譯下列句子
(1)In crowded populations, poverty destroys the possibility of cleanliness.(George Bernard Shaw)
答案: 在人口擁擠的地方,貧困使清潔毫無可能。(喬治•伯納德•肖)
(2)Too much money destroys as surely as too little.(John Simon)
答案:過多的錢和過少的錢一樣會帶來破壞作用。(約翰•西蒙)
(3)The floods did a lot of damage to the crops.
答案:洪水使莊稼受到了很大損失。
10. serve vt.
1) 為...服務(wù);為...服役
serve the people 為人民服務(wù)
2) 供應(yīng) (+with)
3) 侍候(顧客等);供應(yīng)(飯菜);端上 (+to/with)
The girl served me a cup of coffee.
那女孩給我端上一杯咖啡。
4)任(職);服(刑);當(dāng)(學(xué)徒) (+as/for/in)
She served two years in prison.
他坐過八年牢。
5)適合(特定用途或目的);對...有用;供...使用[+to-v]
My old bike serves me very well.
我那輛舊自行車對我很有用。
拓展:
serve vi.
1)服務(wù);服役;供職;幫傭 (+in/on/under)
His father served in the navy during the FirstWorld War.
他的父親在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間在海軍服役。
2)招待,侍候;上酒,端菜
Ann is serving at the table.
安在侍候進(jìn)餐。
3)適用;有用;足夠 (+for/as/+to-v)
A simple example will serve to prove my point.
一個簡單的例子可以證明我的這一點。
運用:翻譯下列句子
(1)必須教育孩子長大后為國家服務(wù)。
答案:Children must be educated to serve their country when they grow up.
(2)他的父親坐過幾年牢。
答案:His father served several years as a prisoner.
11. sticky adj.
粘的;涂有粘膠物質(zhì)的;泥濘的
My son’s fingers are sticky with jam.
他的手沾了醬,粘糊糊的。
拓展:
sticky 當(dāng)形容詞還有:
1)(口)濕熱的
The climate there is sticky.
那里的氣候濕熱。
2)(口)棘手的,麻煩的
The man put her a sticky position.
那個男的將她置于一個困難的境地。
3) (口)過于多情的,易感傷的
4) 不靈活的,易卡住的
5) sticky finger可以原來形容愛小偷小摸的人
Tom has sticky fingers
運用:翻譯下列句子
那位愛小偷小摸的人非常喜歡吃糯米,因為他喜歡吃粘性食物。
答案:The man who has sticky fingers likes sticky rice, because he likes sticky food.
二.重點詞組
1.drive away 趕走、驅(qū)趕
He drove the dog away.
他趕走了那條狗。
drive vt.
1) 駕駛(汽車等)
I don't know how to drive a car.
我不會開車。
2) 用車送(人)
I'll drive you to the airport.
我將會開車送你去機(jī)場。
3) 驅(qū)趕,趕走
He drove the sheep down the hill.
他把羊群往山下趕。
4)驅(qū)動(機(jī)器)
The machine is driven by electricity.
這機(jī)器用電力驅(qū)動。
5) 迫使;逼迫
They drove her to admit it.
他們逼迫她承認(rèn)。
拓展:(1) drive off 驅(qū)逐,擊退
We drove off the enemies.我們擊退了敵人。
(2) drive sb mad 把某人逼瘋了
Don't drive me mad. 別把我逼瘋了。
運用:選擇填空
The difficulty___ her mad.
A. makes B. drove C. lets D. goes
答案:B drive sb mad 意思是“ 把某人逼瘋了”。2.take part in 參與,參加
Many students take part in our sports meeting every year.
每年都有許多學(xué)生參加運動會。
拓展:take part in,join in 與 join的區(qū)別:
(1) take part in意為“參加”,指參加群眾性的活動,側(cè)重于成為活動的主體,
有時可以與join in互換,但表示“參加會議”時多用take part in,take part in 后面不
帶賓語時則不用in。
(2) join in 意為“加入”,“參與某種活動”,
后接名詞或動詞-ing形式,join sb in (doing)sth意為“參加某人的活動”,
join in多指參加正在進(jìn)行的活動,也可單獨使用,即 join sb。
(3) join 指加入某一個團(tuán)隊或組織而成為其中的一員。
運用:選擇填空
Will you___us ___her birthday?
A.join; in celebrating B. join in; celebrating
C. take part in; celebrating D. join; to celebrate
答案:A join sb in (doing)sth意為“參加某人的活動”。
3.put out v.撲滅
Please put out fire.
請把火撲滅。
put out 還有以下幾種意思:
1) 伸出
It's dangerous to put out your hand now.
現(xiàn)在你把手伸出去是危險的。
2) 熄滅
Put out the fire before going to bed.
睡覺之前先熄掉爐火。
3) 出版
put out 與 go out 表示“熄滅”的區(qū)別:
put out (人)使火熄滅
I put out the fire.
我撲滅了火。
go out(火自己)熄滅
The fire has gone out.
火自己熄滅了。
拓展:
(1) put aside 忽視,不理會
(2) put through 完成,使成功
(3) put away把...放回原處,攢錢
(4) put up 表現(xiàn),提出(意見等)
(5) put down 降落,著陸
(6) put off 推遲
運用:選擇填空
The sports meeting must be____ because of the bad weather.
A. put off B. put C. put aside D. put on
答案:A put off 推遲 ,put aside 忽視,不理會 。
三.重點句型
1.be said to+v 據(jù)說
拓展:(1) be said to be/do 據(jù)說做某事
如: The book is said to be good.據(jù)說這是一本好書。
(2) be said to be doing 據(jù)說正在做某事
如: She is said to be working on a new novel. 據(jù)說她正在寫一本新小說。
(3) be said to have done 據(jù)說已經(jīng)做了某事
如:She is said to have written 3 novels.據(jù)說她已經(jīng)寫了三本小說。
運用:翻譯下列句子
(1)據(jù)說他是班里為勤奮的學(xué)生。
答案:He is said to be the most hard-working in his class.
(2)據(jù)說她正在日本學(xué)習(xí)。
答案: She is said to be studying in Japan.
(3)據(jù)說他已寫了三本小說。
答案: He is said to have written three novels.
2.while 當(dāng)……時,在……時候
I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking.
當(dāng)我在做作業(yè)時,媽媽在做飯。
拓展:有很多意思,可以用在許多從句中。
(1) 當(dāng)……時,在……時候,和……同時,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。
如: His sister was watching TV while Tom was doing his homework.
當(dāng)湯姆正在做作業(yè)時,他姐姐正在看電視。
(2) 只要,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。
如: I will go with you while he helps me.
只要他將幫我,我就將和你一起去。
(3) 雖然,盡管, 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。
如: While he has many shortcomings, she still loves him.
盡管他有許多缺點,但她依然愛他。
(4) 表對此關(guān)系。
如: Kate likes music while her twin sister likes sports.
運用:翻譯下列句子
(1) 他在看書時睡著了。
答案: He fell asleep while(he was) reading.
(2)有生命就有希望。
答案: While there is life ,there is hope.有
(3)盡管他昨天病了,但他還是去幫她了。
答案:While he was ill yesterday he went to help her.
(4)我喜歡數(shù)學(xué),而我的兄弟卻喜歡英語。
答案:I like math while my brother likes English.
四.長句辯析
1. Traditional moon cakes are usually made with....
拓展:
1)be made with 表示構(gòu)成某一物品的主要原材料。
The cake is made with flour.
蛋糕主要是由面粉做成的。
2)be made of 和be made from 都有“由原材料制成”但后者表示某一物品由某材料制成后,
原材料已看不出。
運用:翻譯下列句子
(1)有的鞋子是用布做的。
答案:Some shoes are made of cloth.
(2)紙是由木材做成的。
答案:The paper is made from wood.
(3)木材能被制成紙。
答案:Wood can be made into paper.
2. in the past, lanterns....
拓展:
(1)light的過去式和過去分詞同分別是lit/lit 和lighted/lighted.
作謂語時,兩者都可使用,但做定語時只能用lighted。如:
He lighted/lit the candle 他點燃了蠟燭。
(2)be decorated with 布置,裝飾有
The hall is decoraterd with flowers
大廳里布置上了鮮花。
運用:改錯
This is a lit cigarette.
答案:lit改為lighted