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北師大版高一英語上冊第三單元知識點:Lesson 1 Festivals

時間:2016-12-30 14:01:00   來源:無憂考網(wǎng)     [字體: ]
一.重點單詞 1.include v.包含,包括 Six students have been to Japan, including me. 六個學(xué)生曾去過日本,包括我。 拓展: (1)contain 指作為組成部分被包含在內(nèi),是內(nèi)容物的包括。 The drink contains alcohol. 這種飲料里含有酒精。 (2)include指作為整體的一部分包括進(jìn)去,是范圍的包括。 His duty includes answering phones. 他的責(zé)任包括接電話。 (3) including +名詞/代詞 意思為 “包括...在內(nèi)”。 (4) 名詞/代詞+ included 意思為 “...被包括在內(nèi)”。 運用:選擇填空 (1)Five students, ____Tom, passed the exam the other day. A. included B. including C. contain D. contained 答案:B including +名詞/代詞 意思為 “包括...在內(nèi)”, 名詞/代詞+ included 意思為 “...被包括在內(nèi)”。Tom included 也對。 (2) The boss has______ the broken cup in your bill. A. including B. included C. contained D. containing 答案:B include指作為整體的一部分包括進(jìn)去,是范圍的包括。 2.journey n.旅行 拓展: trip , tour, travel與journey的區(qū)別 journey主要指路地長途旅行, trip常指短距離的旅行,遠(yuǎn)足。 tour常指觀光、考察等的環(huán)游旅行,travel指短距離或國外旅行 運用:選擇填空 He likes __ to France. A. journey B. traveling C. tour D. trip 答案:B like to do/doing sth 3. power n. 1) 權(quán),政權(quán);權(quán)力;勢力 (+over) 2) 職權(quán);權(quán)限[C][U][+to-v] The president has the power to vote down bills. 總統(tǒng)有權(quán)否決議案。 3) 能力,本領(lǐng) (+of) She lost her power of speech. 她失去了說話的能力。 4)力;動力,電力 The shortage of power dimmed the streets. 由于電力不足,街道昏暗。 5) (有時大寫)有權(quán)力的人;有影響的機(jī)構(gòu);強(qiáng)國,大國 The world powers will meet in Paris this summer. 今夏世界上的大國將在巴黎聚會。 拓展: powerful adj. 有影響力的,權(quán)力大的 powerfully adv.有權(quán)勢地 (1) come into power 上臺、執(zhí)政(強(qiáng)調(diào)動作) (2) the power to do sth =the power of doing sth 做……的能力 類似用法的詞還有way, chance等。 (3) out of/beyond one's power 某人不能勝任的;能力所不及 (4) in power 執(zhí)政,當(dāng)權(quán)(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)) (5) have power over sb. 能支配某人 運用:選擇填空 When Hitler came into___, he found the doors of the study closed to him. A. light B. power C. office D. being 答案:B come into power 上臺、執(zhí)政。 4.accept v.接受、應(yīng)允、收受 答應(yīng) 拓展: accept強(qiáng)調(diào)自愿主動地接受,receive強(qiáng)調(diào)被動接受 或收到 accept作及物動詞,還表示承認(rèn),相信 ,接納。 Mary received a gift from a friend of hers, but she didn't accept it. I can't accept my new boss. 運用:選擇填空 He did____ the gift, but he didn’t____ it. A. accept; receive B. receive; accept C. accepted; receive. D. receive; accepted 答案: D accept強(qiáng)調(diào)自愿主動地接受,receive強(qiáng)調(diào)被動接受 或收到。 5.decorate vt裝飾;布置 He decorated the room with flowers. 他用鮮花裝飾了那間房子。 拓展: (1)decorate sth with sth 用某物裝點某物 (2)decoration n 裝潢,裝飾品 運用: 翻譯 他為了給我裝修房間買了許多裝飾品給我。 答案: He bought me a lot of decorations to decorate my rooms. 6.darkness 黑暗 The whole country was in thick darkness when the war broke out. 當(dāng)戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)時,整個國家都籠罩在深深的黑暗中。 拓展: darkness與dark的區(qū)別,darkness常指一時的黑暗。dark表示經(jīng)常 的黑暗或長時間的黑暗,用時需加the。 Keep sb in the dark 為某人保密 Keep sth in the dark 暗中做事 運用:選擇填空 lt was ________before we got there. A. lights B. moon C. bright D. dark 答案: D dark表示經(jīng)常的黑暗或長時間的黑暗。 7. occasion n. 1) 場合,時刻;重大活動,盛典[C] 2) 時機(jī),機(jī)會 I seized the occasion to invite her home for dinner. 我抓住機(jī)會邀請她回家里吃飯。 3)起因,近因 (+of) His departure was the occasion of much sadness. 他的離別是令人十分悲傷的起因。 4) 理由;需要[U] (+for/+to-v) He has no occasion to buy another bike. 他沒有必要再買一輛自行車。 拓展:occasion vt. 引起;惹起 Li Ming rude behavior occasioned a quarrel. 李明的粗魯行為引起了一場爭吵。 與occasion搭配的相關(guān)詞組: by occasion of 由于,因為; on occasion(s) 偶爾,間或,有時; on the occasion of 在…之際; on this occasion 這一次 on one occasion 曾經(jīng),有一個時候 運用:完成句子 (1) 由于粗心她沒有通過考試。 He failed the exam ____ occasion ___ his carelessness. 答案: by; of (2) 你沒有理由賣掉這房子。 You have no occasion ___ ___ the house. 答案:to; sell 8. contribute v. 拓展:(1)捐獻(xiàn),貢獻(xiàn),增加 The terrible weather contributed to our difficulty . 惡劣的天氣增加人們的困難。 (2)向……投稿 Li Lei often contributes to the magazine. 李雷經(jīng)常給雜志投稿。 (3)contribution n.貢獻(xiàn),常用詞組 make a contribution /contributions to 為……做貢獻(xiàn) They made great contributions to their motherland. 他為他的祖國作出了很大的貢獻(xiàn)。 運用:選擇填空 The rich man _________much money ___his hometown. A.contributed; to B.contribute; to C.contibuted to; to D.contributes to; on 答案:A contribute ...to... 有“捐獻(xiàn),貢獻(xiàn),增加,向……投稿”之意。9. destroy vt. 1) 毀壞,破壞 A fire destroyed the house. 一場火毀壞了那座房屋。 2) 殺死,消滅 3)打破(希望、計劃);使失敗 What she said destroyed his last hope. 她說的話摧毀了他最后的希望。 拓展:damage ,ruin ,destroy 的hurt區(qū)別 (1)damage,destroy,ruin主要用于無生命的事物, 而hurt主要用于有生命的人或動物。 (2)damage 通常表示事物的價值或功能部分受損。如: The ship was damaged in the bottom. 那條船的底部被損壞。 (3)destroy,ruin均表示事物全部被毀。如: They destroy all of the two enemy warships 他們把2艘敵艦全部殲滅。 (4)hurt 有適用范圍較廣,可指人或動物因各種原因?qū)е碌奶弁椿驌p傷。如: Children are liable to get hurt when they play. 孩子們在玩耍時易受傷。 運用:翻譯下列句子 (1)In crowded populations, poverty destroys the possibility of cleanliness.(George Bernard Shaw) 答案: 在人口擁擠的地方,貧困使清潔毫無可能。(喬治•伯納德•肖) (2)Too much money destroys as surely as too little.(John Simon) 答案:過多的錢和過少的錢一樣會帶來破壞作用。(約翰•西蒙) (3)The floods did a lot of damage to the crops. 答案:洪水使莊稼受到了很大損失。 10. serve vt. 1) 為...服務(wù);為...服役 serve the people 為人民服務(wù) 2) 供應(yīng) (+with) 3) 侍候(顧客等);供應(yīng)(飯菜);端上 (+to/with) The girl served me a cup of coffee. 那女孩給我端上一杯咖啡。 4)任(職);服(刑);當(dāng)(學(xué)徒) (+as/for/in) She served two years in prison. 他坐過八年牢。 5)適合(特定用途或目的);對...有用;供...使用[+to-v] My old bike serves me very well. 我那輛舊自行車對我很有用。 拓展: serve vi. 1)服務(wù);服役;供職;幫傭 (+in/on/under) His father served in the navy during the FirstWorld War. 他的父親在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間在海軍服役。 2)招待,侍候;上酒,端菜 Ann is serving at the table. 安在侍候進(jìn)餐。 3)適用;有用;足夠 (+for/as/+to-v) A simple example will serve to prove my point. 一個簡單的例子可以證明我的這一點。 運用:翻譯下列句子 (1)必須教育孩子長大后為國家服務(wù)。 答案:Children must be educated to serve their country when they grow up. (2)他的父親坐過幾年牢。 答案:His father served several years as a prisoner. 11. sticky adj. 粘的;涂有粘膠物質(zhì)的;泥濘的 My son’s fingers are sticky with jam. 他的手沾了醬,粘糊糊的。 拓展: sticky 當(dāng)形容詞還有: 1)(口)濕熱的 The climate there is sticky. 那里的氣候濕熱。 2)(口)棘手的,麻煩的 The man put her a sticky position. 那個男的將她置于一個困難的境地。 3) (口)過于多情的,易感傷的 4) 不靈活的,易卡住的 5) sticky finger可以原來形容愛小偷小摸的人 Tom has sticky fingers 運用:翻譯下列句子 那位愛小偷小摸的人非常喜歡吃糯米,因為他喜歡吃粘性食物。 答案:The man who has sticky fingers likes sticky rice, because he likes sticky food. 二.重點詞組 1.drive away 趕走、驅(qū)趕 He drove the dog away. 他趕走了那條狗。 drive vt. 1) 駕駛(汽車等) I don't know how to drive a car. 我不會開車。 2) 用車送(人) I'll drive you to the airport. 我將會開車送你去機(jī)場。 3) 驅(qū)趕,趕走 He drove the sheep down the hill. 他把羊群往山下趕。 4)驅(qū)動(機(jī)器) The machine is driven by electricity. 這機(jī)器用電力驅(qū)動。 5) 迫使;逼迫 They drove her to admit it. 他們逼迫她承認(rèn)。 拓展:(1) drive off 驅(qū)逐,擊退 We drove off the enemies.我們擊退了敵人。 (2) drive sb mad 把某人逼瘋了 Don't drive me mad. 別把我逼瘋了。 運用:選擇填空 The difficulty___ her mad. A. makes B. drove C. lets D. goes 答案:B drive sb mad 意思是“ 把某人逼瘋了”。2.take part in 參與,參加 Many students take part in our sports meeting every year. 每年都有許多學(xué)生參加運動會。 拓展:take part in,join in 與 join的區(qū)別: (1) take part in意為“參加”,指參加群眾性的活動,側(cè)重于成為活動的主體, 有時可以與join in互換,但表示“參加會議”時多用take part in,take part in 后面不 帶賓語時則不用in。 (2) join in 意為“加入”,“參與某種活動”, 后接名詞或動詞-ing形式,join sb in (doing)sth意為“參加某人的活動”, join in多指參加正在進(jìn)行的活動,也可單獨使用,即 join sb。 (3) join 指加入某一個團(tuán)隊或組織而成為其中的一員。 運用:選擇填空 Will you___us ___her birthday? A.join; in celebrating B. join in; celebrating C. take part in; celebrating D. join; to celebrate 答案:A join sb in (doing)sth意為“參加某人的活動”。 3.put out v.撲滅 Please put out fire. 請把火撲滅。 put out 還有以下幾種意思: 1) 伸出 It's dangerous to put out your hand now. 現(xiàn)在你把手伸出去是危險的。 2) 熄滅 Put out the fire before going to bed. 睡覺之前先熄掉爐火。 3) 出版 put out 與 go out 表示“熄滅”的區(qū)別: put out (人)使火熄滅 I put out the fire. 我撲滅了火。 go out(火自己)熄滅 The fire has gone out. 火自己熄滅了。 拓展: (1) put aside 忽視,不理會 (2) put through 完成,使成功 (3) put away把...放回原處,攢錢 (4) put up 表現(xiàn),提出(意見等) (5) put down 降落,著陸 (6) put off 推遲 運用:選擇填空 The sports meeting must be____ because of the bad weather. A. put off B. put C. put aside D. put on 答案:A put off 推遲 ,put aside 忽視,不理會 。 三.重點句型 1.be said to+v 據(jù)說 拓展:(1) be said to be/do 據(jù)說做某事 如: The book is said to be good.據(jù)說這是一本好書。 (2) be said to be doing 據(jù)說正在做某事 如: She is said to be working on a new novel. 據(jù)說她正在寫一本新小說。 (3) be said to have done 據(jù)說已經(jīng)做了某事 如:She is said to have written 3 novels.據(jù)說她已經(jīng)寫了三本小說。 運用:翻譯下列句子 (1)據(jù)說他是班里為勤奮的學(xué)生。 答案:He is said to be the most hard-working in his class. (2)據(jù)說她正在日本學(xué)習(xí)。 答案: She is said to be studying in Japan. (3)據(jù)說他已寫了三本小說。 答案: He is said to have written three novels. 2.while 當(dāng)……時,在……時候 I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking. 當(dāng)我在做作業(yè)時,媽媽在做飯。 拓展:有很多意思,可以用在許多從句中。 (1) 當(dāng)……時,在……時候,和……同時,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。 如: His sister was watching TV while Tom was doing his homework. 當(dāng)湯姆正在做作業(yè)時,他姐姐正在看電視。 (2) 只要,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。 如: I will go with you while he helps me. 只要他將幫我,我就將和你一起去。 (3) 雖然,盡管, 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。 如: While he has many shortcomings, she still loves him. 盡管他有許多缺點,但她依然愛他。 (4) 表對此關(guān)系。 如: Kate likes music while her twin sister likes sports. 運用:翻譯下列句子 (1) 他在看書時睡著了。 答案: He fell asleep while(he was) reading. (2)有生命就有希望。 答案: While there is life ,there is hope.有 (3)盡管他昨天病了,但他還是去幫她了。 答案:While he was ill yesterday he went to help her. (4)我喜歡數(shù)學(xué),而我的兄弟卻喜歡英語。 答案:I like math while my brother likes English. 四.長句辯析 1. Traditional moon cakes are usually made with.... 拓展: 1)be made with 表示構(gòu)成某一物品的主要原材料。 The cake is made with flour. 蛋糕主要是由面粉做成的。 2)be made of 和be made from 都有“由原材料制成”但后者表示某一物品由某材料制成后, 原材料已看不出。 運用:翻譯下列句子 (1)有的鞋子是用布做的。 答案:Some shoes are made of cloth. (2)紙是由木材做成的。 答案:The paper is made from wood. (3)木材能被制成紙。 答案:Wood can be made into paper. 2. in the past, lanterns.... 拓展: (1)light的過去式和過去分詞同分別是lit/lit 和lighted/lighted. 作謂語時,兩者都可使用,但做定語時只能用lighted。如: He lighted/lit the candle 他點燃了蠟燭。 (2)be decorated with 布置,裝飾有 The hall is decoraterd with flowers 大廳里布置上了鮮花。 運用:改錯 This is a lit cigarette. 答案:lit改為lighted