9. However,some advertising can be confusing or misleading. 然而,一些廣告會(huì)混淆或誤導(dǎo)你。 (1)confuse v. 使迷惑 例如: Waking up in strange surroundings confused her. 她醒來時(shí)看到一片陌生的環(huán)境,這把她搞糊涂了。 confusing a. 令人迷惑的 例如: The instructions are very confusing and I can't understand them. 這些指示莫名其妙,我沒有辦法理解 confused adj. 迷惑的,糊涂的 例如: He gets confused easily. 他很容易被弄糊涂。 (2)mislead v. 使某人想錯(cuò) / 做錯(cuò),誤導(dǎo) misleading adj. 例如: a misleading description / advertisement 誤導(dǎo)人的描述(廣告) 10.…but don’t really tell you anything about the quality of the product. 但沒有真正告訴你有關(guān)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的任何問題。 tell sb. about sth.“告訴某人有關(guān)某事”,tell sb. sth.“告訴某人某事”。 例(1)The granny told us about a thief breaking into her house. 老奶奶告訴我們她家失竊的事。 (2)The old man told us about his sufferings in the old days. 老人告訴我們他過去受的苦。 (3)He told the happy news to everybody. 他把好消息告訴了大家。
(4)Tell me where you live. 告訴我你住在哪兒。 11.You have to be careful. 你得小心。 be careful“小心,當(dāng)心”,后常跟of短語。與它同義的有l(wèi)ook out。 【例】 (1)Aren’t you a bit too careful of your health? 你對(duì)個(gè)人的健康難道不是有點(diǎn)過于小心了嗎? (2)Be careful when crossing the road. 過馬路要小心。 (3)You must look out for the snags. 你們必須當(dāng)心意外困難。 (4)Look out! There’s danger ahead. 當(dāng)心!前面有危險(xiǎn)。 12. At times an ad can lead you to buy something you don't need at all. 有時(shí),一個(gè)廣告能導(dǎo)致你去買你根本不需要的東西。 (1)at times,sometimes 有時(shí) 例如: At times I wonder if it's all worthwhile. 有時(shí)我懷疑我干這件事是否值得。 (2)lead sb. to do 慫勇,引誘 例如: She led me to believe that she had a lot of influence. 她誘使我相信她很有權(quán)勢(shì)。 (3)not ...at all 無論如何(都不),一點(diǎn)(都不) 例如: I don’t agree with you at all.我完全不同意你的話。 It was late, but they were not tired at all.已經(jīng)夜深了,但是他們一點(diǎn)都不覺得累。 13. Mon and Dad hadn't left me a note. 媽媽和爸爸也沒有給我留個(gè)便條。 hadn't left,這是過去完成時(shí),過去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作必須是在過去時(shí)間以前完成,基本結(jié)構(gòu)為had + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。 例如: I had finished my homework before supper. 我在晚飯前把作業(yè)做完了。 supper 是過去某一時(shí)間,had finished 這一過去完成時(shí)就是在supper之前完成的。 例: When we got there,the basketball match had already started. 我們到那里時(shí),籃球賽已經(jīng)開始了。 14.In class, the teacher asked me for my homework. 在課上,老師問我要家誕作業(yè)。 ask sb. for sth.“向某人要某物”,而ask for則表示“請(qǐng)求,通過詢問尋找”。 【例】 (1)How much did they ask for this book? 這本書他們要多少錢? (2)The stranger asked the old man for his address. 那陌生人問老人要家庭住址。 (3)He came to ask for help. 他來求助。 (4)Did anyone ask for me? 有人找過我嗎? 15.but as I was so tense when I left home,I had forgotten to bring it with me. 但是由于我離開家時(shí)太緊張了,我已忘記了帶著來。 (1)as 連詞,因?yàn)?例如: As she has no car,she can't get there easily. 因?yàn)樗龥]有汽車,去那里很不容易。 As;連詞,當(dāng)……的時(shí)候 As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening. 他年紀(jì)越來越大,除了喜歡園藝外,對(duì)一切都失去了興趣。 (2)forget to do 忘記做…… 例如: Yesterday when I left home,I forgot to lock the door. 昨天我離開家時(shí),忘記鎖門了。 forget doing 忘記了已經(jīng)做過的事情。 例如: I'll never forget finding that rare old coin in my garden. 我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記在我花園里找到的那枚稀罕的古幣。 (3)bring 把某物帶給說話人 例如: Bring that book to me. 把那本書拿來。 take 把某物帶到另一地方去 例如: Take your umbrella when you go out. 你出去時(shí)把傘帶上。 fetch 去取某物并帶來 例如: Please fetch the scissors from the kitchen. 請(qǐng)到廚房把剪刀拿來。 carry 不含任何方向,是指用手或身體的某個(gè)部位攜帶。 例如: She carried the bag on her back. 她把包背在背上。 16. You keep the sweater and pretend to like it, … 你收下了毛衣,并假裝喜歡它。 pretend v. 假裝 pretend that / to do 例如: She pretended she didn't know me/pretended not to know me when we met in the street. 我在街上見到她時(shí)她裝作不認(rèn)識(shí)我。 17. If you think flowers are too feminine a gift for a man to receive,you can consider giving a plant instead. 如果你認(rèn)為鮮花對(duì)一位男士來說太女性化而不好接受,你可以考慮送一種植物。 (1)feminine adj. 女子氣的,屬于女子的 (2)too ... to ... 太……而不能…… 例如: It was too good an opportunity to miss. 那是一個(gè)不應(yīng)該錯(cuò)過的極好機(jī)會(huì)。 (3)consider doing 考慮…… 例如: I'm considering changing my job. 我正在考慮換工作。 consider that 考慮到 例如: If you consider that she's only been studying English for six months,she speaks it well. 如果考慮到她學(xué)英語才六個(gè)月,那么她講英語講得的確不錯(cuò)了。 consider sb. + n / adj. 認(rèn)為, 把……看作 例如: Do you consider her suitable for the job? 你認(rèn)為她做這工作合適嗎? 18. Be sure to follow your host's suggestions. 務(wù)必要遵從主人的暗示或提議。 (1)be sure to 別忘了,記住 例如: Be sure to turn everything off before you go to bed. 別忘了睡覺之前關(guān)上各樣?xùn)|西。 (2)be sure to do 一定會(huì)……的, 必定會(huì)發(fā)生的。 例如: It’s sure to rain. 必定會(huì)下雨。 (3)be sure of 對(duì)……有把握. 例如: He's sure of living to ninety. 他對(duì)活到90歲很有信心。 19.The problem is you don’t like wearing orange. 問題是你不喜歡穿橘黃色衣服。 that(已省略)引導(dǎo)的是表語從句;like后可跟不定式也可跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語,如表示一般傾向,多用動(dòng)名詞作賓語,但如指特定或具體某次行動(dòng),則更多使用不定式。 【例】 (1)The trouble is (that) we are short of money. 困難是我們?nèi)鄙馘X。 (2)The problem seemed how we could make him understand it. 問題似乎是我們?nèi)绾文苁顾斫膺@點(diǎn)。 (3)I like reading books of this kind. 我喜歡看這類書。 (4)I’d like to read that book. 我想看那本書。 (5)She likes reading newspapers at night. 她喜歡晚上看報(bào)。 (6)I should like to be present at the meeting. 我希望出席這次會(huì)議。 20.The gift-giver is too lazy to go out and find the right gift. 送禮的人太懶了,不愿出去找一份合適的禮物。 too…to…“太……結(jié)果不……”,too后跟形容詞或副詞原形,to引導(dǎo)不定式。 【例】 (1)She is too young to marry. 她還沒到結(jié)婚年齡。 (2)The box is too heavy for me to carry. 這個(gè)箱子太重,我搬不動(dòng)。 (3)He is too careful not to have noticed it. 他那么細(xì)心,不會(huì)不注意到這一點(diǎn)的。 五.語法知識(shí) 1.賓語補(bǔ)足語 賓語補(bǔ)足語和賓語一起稱為復(fù)合賓語,可作賓語補(bǔ)足語的有:名詞,代詞,形容詞,副詞,分詞,不定式,介詞短語,名詞從句。 【例】 (1)We call him Jim. 我們叫他吉姆。 (2)Whom do you think of me? 你以為我是誰? (3)Please keep the room clean. 請(qǐng)保持室內(nèi)清潔。 (4)He found her out. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)她出去了。 (5)She found the book interesting. 她認(rèn)為這本書很有意思。 (6)You’d better have your shoes mended. 你還是請(qǐng)人把鞋補(bǔ)一補(bǔ)吧。 (7)Make yourselves at home. 不要受拘束。 (8)We made him what he is. 是我們使他成為現(xiàn)在這樣。 2.賓語補(bǔ)足語的注意事項(xiàng) 1)作補(bǔ)語的形容詞應(yīng)放在賓語后,若放在前則變成了定語。 【例】 (1)We found the man honest. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)此人很誠實(shí)。(賓補(bǔ)) (2)We found the honest man. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個(gè)誠實(shí)的人。(定語) 2)在動(dòng)詞elect, choose, make之后用作補(bǔ)語的名詞,若是表示“身份,職位”則不帶冠詞。 【例】 They elected Li Lei monitor last week. 上周他們選李雷當(dāng)班長。 3)有些動(dòng)詞后通常跟“to be+名詞或形容詞短語”作補(bǔ)語,但to be常省去。這些動(dòng)詞有:think, consider, believe, imagine, suppose, see, find, feel, etc.。 【例】 He thinks himself (to be) a clever man. 他認(rèn)為自己很聰明。 4)復(fù)合賓語可變?yōu)橘e語從句。 【例】 We think her a nice woman.→ We think that she is a nice woman. 我們認(rèn)為她是個(gè)很好的人。 5)動(dòng)詞let, make, have及感官動(dòng)詞后用不帶to的不定式作補(bǔ)語,若變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài),應(yīng)將to加上。 【例】 I saw tears come into her eyes.→ Tears were seen to come into her eyes. 我看到她眼里含著淚。 6)感官動(dòng)詞后跟不帶to的不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語,其區(qū)別在于不定式強(qiáng)調(diào)事實(shí)經(jīng)過或動(dòng)作已完成,而現(xiàn)在分詞則強(qiáng)調(diào)當(dāng)時(shí)情景或動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。請(qǐng)比較。 【例】 (1)I like to hear her sing. 我喜歡聽她唱歌。 I heard her singing last night. 昨晚我聽到她在唱歌。 (2)I saw him cross the road and go into the hospital. 我看見他走過了馬路,進(jìn)了醫(yī)院。 I saw him crossing the road when I looked out of the window. 當(dāng)我向窗外看時(shí),看見他在過馬路。