1.托�？谡Z(yǔ)有哪些獨(dú)立話題
1、高頻話題
在托福獨(dú)立寫作考試中，高頻話題主要有3類：教育類、工作類、年輕人類。
2、中頻話題
在托福獨(dú)立寫作考試中，中頻話題主要有2類：生活方式類和政府類。
3、低頻話題
在托福獨(dú)立寫作考試中，低頻話題主要有2類：科技類和抽象類。
教育類話題：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Students would receive a better education if they were required to attend classes for 11 months of a year.
In 20 years from now on， students will not use printed books anymore.
Teachers should be paid according to how well their students perform.
Parents should give money to their children as a reward for their high marks at school.
Parents do not understand their children as well as parents did 50 years ago.
Children should play sports only for fun， so they should not attend competitions.
2.托福口語(yǔ)的常見問(wèn)題
Q1. 人機(jī)對(duì)話，時(shí)間有限，常常說(shuō)不完答案。
iBT，internet-Based Test, 計(jì)算機(jī)考試，并且對(duì)著話筒說(shuō)口語(yǔ)，恐怕是飽受中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)教育的學(xué)生難適應(yīng)的一點(diǎn)。其實(shí)，可以把這個(gè)口語(yǔ)考試想得很簡(jiǎn)單，類似于你在電話上跟朋友聊天，只是這個(gè)朋友不太愛說(shuō)話，通常只問(wèn)問(wèn)題，并且希望你滔滔不絕讓他開心。如果這樣想，考試的本身就變簡(jiǎn)單了。同學(xué)們?nèi)绻軐⒆约旱耐ㄔ掍浺�，再回放，這個(gè)考試的心理防線基本上就能突破。
關(guān)于時(shí)間短或有限，就是要同學(xué)們學(xué)會(huì)長(zhǎng)話短說(shuō)，切入重點(diǎn)，如果能做到字字珠璣，妙語(yǔ)連珠，那就堪稱完美了。
Q2.話題廣泛，綜合能力要求很高，平時(shí)該如何下手。
的確，托�？谡Z(yǔ)，考察大家的英語(yǔ)能力的多個(gè)方面：聽說(shuō)讀寫基本上都能零死角涉及。這也是為什么口語(yǔ)課的老師幾乎是“全能神”。
話題廣泛相較而言，是一個(gè)更棘手的問(wèn)題，對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)。尤其是獨(dú)立問(wèn)題TASK1-2,雖然考察的內(nèi)容都是關(guān)于學(xué)生的個(gè)人，話題基于經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但廣泛度還是很有難度。例如描述一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，比較100年前的人的衛(wèi)生境況，甚至個(gè)人的職業(yè)選擇等。這兩道題目的準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間為15秒，作答時(shí)間為45秒。對(duì)于一個(gè)成年人來(lái)說(shuō)，想要在15秒內(nèi)破題，45秒中全面展現(xiàn)觀點(diǎn)，拿中文來(lái)陳述，難度都很大，更何況用英文。
因此基于這樣的一個(gè)考試形式，建議學(xué)生還是能系統(tǒng)的找到老師進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)與歸納。建議學(xué)生能大量訓(xùn)練自己的思考能力。即使遇到難題，也是有基礎(chǔ)，有方法去*的。
Q3. 答題內(nèi)容無(wú)章法，亂七八糟的感覺，有時(shí)都不知道自己在說(shuō)什么。
托�？谡Z(yǔ)，雖然不算是一種溝通，但它考察大家對(duì)話題的發(fā)展能力，語(yǔ)言使用性與傳達(dá)力。如果，你覺得你說(shuō)英語(yǔ)常常不知道自己在試圖表達(dá)什么，那么你要重新學(xué)習(xí)下邏輯。這其實(shí)只是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的邏輯層面，我們可以概括為語(yǔ)義關(guān)系，常見的關(guān)系有：舉例，因果，轉(zhuǎn)折讓步，并列與遞進(jìn)。當(dāng)然，我們不能單純把這些關(guān)系的學(xué)習(xí)就等價(jià)于關(guān)聯(lián)詞的學(xué)習(xí)，這是詞匯跟寫作老師的內(nèi)容。
3.托�？荚囍械某Ｓ觅嫡Z(yǔ)
1.eye-opener 令人大開眼界的事
Listening to him talk about his adventure in China was a real eye-opener.聽他談在中國(guó)的歷險(xiǎn)令人大開眼界。
2. fake someone out 騙過(guò)某人
The quarterback faked the other team out by keeping the ball instead of passing it.四分衛(wèi)持球不傳騙過(guò)了敵隊(duì)。
3. fall flat失敗;碰壁;未達(dá)到預(yù)期效果
His joke fell flat because no one understand it.他的笑話沒人聽懂，所以沒有收到效果。
4. coverfor 掩護(hù)
Don't worry about mother, I'll cover for you this time.別擔(dān)心媽媽那邊，這我會(huì)為你掩護(hù)的。
5. bite the bullet 咬緊牙關(guān)，忍受痛苦
You just bite the bullet and get it over with.咬緊牙關(guān)完成這件事吧。
6. bigpicture(事情的)主要部分;重點(diǎn)
Concentrate on the big picture for now. Don't worry about the minor details.先把精神集中在重點(diǎn)上，不要擔(dān)心次要的細(xì)節(jié)。
4.托�？谡Z(yǔ)加分動(dòng)詞
in the end終于; 后
end up (by) doing…以……結(jié)束
make both ends meet收支相抵
表示“導(dǎo)致”、“由…引起”的短語(yǔ)：
1. 導(dǎo)致
result in
lead to
2. 由……引起
be caused by
result from
grow out of
lie in
表“全力以赴”的短語(yǔ)：
do / try one’s best
spare no efforts to do
take great pains to do
go all out to do
do what somebody can (do) to do
do all somebody can (do) to do
Far常用短語(yǔ)：
far from (being)離……要求相差很遠(yuǎn)
far from +(a place)距離某地很遠(yuǎn)
far away遙遠(yuǎn)
so far 到目前為止; 那么遠(yuǎn)
as far as sb. knows/sees據(jù)某人所知
by far
(前,比較級(jí)后)起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用
Distance常用短語(yǔ)：
in the distance在遠(yuǎn)處
from/ at a distance從遠(yuǎn)處
keep sb. at a distance
Use常用短語(yǔ)：
used to do過(guò)去曾經(jīng)、常做
be used to doing …習(xí)慣于……
be used to do被用來(lái)做……
make good/ full use of充分利用……
come into use開始使用……
it is no use doing …干……沒有用
5.托�？谡Z(yǔ)工作類話題范文
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Having a job with a low-paying salary but that is highly secure is better than 1 having a job with a high salary but that is easy to lose.
Working at home using computers or telephones is better than working in the office.
It was easier to identify what jobs or careers were secure and successful in the past than it is now.
The most important characteristic of a good political or business leader is the ability to take responsibility for mistakes.
An effective leader will make others feel like they are a part of making decisions.
The best leaders are those who are willing to admit if they have made a bad decision.
