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　Julius Caesar

　尤里烏斯.凱撒

　Nearly two thousand years ago there lived in Rome a man whose name was Julius Caesar. He was the greatest of all the

Romans. Why was he so great?

　大約兩千年前，羅馬有一個名叫尤利烏斯·凱撒的人。他是全體羅馬人中最偉大的人。他為什么這么偉大呢?

　He was a brave warrior，and had conquered many countries for Rome. He was wise in planning and doing. He knew how to make men both love and fear him.

　他是個勇敢的戰(zhàn)士，為羅馬征服了許多國家。他計劃周密，辦事精明。他懂得如何讓人們既愛他又怕他。

　At last he made himself the ruler of Rome. Some said he wished to become its king. But the Romans at that time did not believe in kings.

　最后他讓自己當(dāng)上了羅馬的統(tǒng)治者。有人說他想成為羅馬國王。但那時候羅馬并不信任國王。

　Once when Caesar was passing through a little country village, all the men, women and children of the place came out to see him. There were not more than fifty of them, all together, and they were led by their mayor，who told each one what to do.

　有一次，凱撒途經(jīng)一個小村莊，這個地方的男女老少都出來看他。總共不到50人，由他們的市長率領(lǐng)。市長告訴每一個人做什么:

　These simple people stood by the roadside and watched Caesar pass. The mayor looked very proud and happy; for was he not the ruler of this village? He felt that he was almost as great as Caesar himself.

　這些純樸的人站在路邊看著凱撒走過。市長看上去既驕傲又得意，難道不是因為他是這個村莊的統(tǒng)治者嗎?他感到自己幾乎像凱撒一樣偉大了。

　Some of the ranking officers who were with Caesar laughed. They said, "See how that fellow struts at the head of his little flock!”

　隨同凱撒的一些高級官員都笑了。他們說:“看，這群人前頭的那個家伙有多神氣呀!”

　"Laugh as you will." said Caesar, he has reason to be proud. "I would rather be the head man of a village than the second man in Rome!"

　“你們想怎么笑就怎么笑吧，”凱撒說。他有他驕傲的理由�！拔覍幵缸鲆淮逯�長，也不做羅馬的第二號人物。”

　At another time, Caesar was crossing a narrow sea in a boat. Before he was half way to the farther shore, a storm overtook him. The wind blew hard; the waves dashed high; the lightning flashed; the thunder rolled.

　還有一次，凱撒乘小船橫渡一個不寬的海面。劃出還不到一半的路程時，遇到了暴風(fēng)雨風(fēng)猛烈地刮著，波浪沖天，電閃雷鳴。

　It seemed every minute as though the boat would sink. The captain was in great fright. He had crossed the sea many times, but never in such a storm as this. He trembled with fear; he could not guide the boat; he fell down upon his knees; he moaned, "All is lost! All is lost!"

　看上去這條船馬上就要沉沒了。船長害怕極了。他曾多次橫渡大海，但是從沒有遇到過這樣的暴風(fēng)雨。他嚇得渾身發(fā)抖，無法再掌舵了。他跪下嘟咬著:“全完了!全完了!”

　But Caesar was not afraid. He bade the man get up and take his oars again. "Why should you be afraid?" he said."The boat will not be lost; for you have Caesar on board."

　但是凱撒一點(diǎn)也不害怕。他吩咐那個人站起來，重新拿起漿來�！澳銥槭裁春ε履�?”他問�！斑@條船不會沉沒的，因為凱撒在船上�！�

　Caesar Augustus

　凱撒·奧古斯都

　Many consider Augustus to be Rome's greatest emperor; his policies certainly extended the Empire's life span and initiated the celebrated Pax Romana or Pax Augusta. He was intelligent,decisive，and a shrewd politician, but he was not perhaps as charismatic as Julius Caesar, Nevertheless, his legacy proved more enduring.

　許多人認(rèn)為奧古斯都是羅馬最偉大的皇帝。其政策無疑大大延長了羅馬的壽命，并開啟了羅馬的盛世，即“羅馬和平”或“奧古斯都的和平”。奧古斯都悟性很高，能斷大事，是極狡猾的一名政治天才。他并不像尤利鳥斯·凱撒般光彩照人，但其留給后人的遺產(chǎn)卻更持久。

　The longevity of Augustus' reign and its legacy to the Roman world should not be overlooked as a key factor in its success. As Tacitus wrote, the younger generations alive in AD 14 had never known any form of government other than the Principate. Had Augustus died earlier (in 23 BC,for instance), matters might have turned out differently. The attrition of the civil wars on the old Republican oligarchy and the longevity of Augustus, therefore, must be seen as major contributing factors in the transformation of the Roman state into a monarchy in these years.

　奧古斯都的長久統(tǒng)治和他留給羅馬的遺產(chǎn)是他成功的關(guān)鍵因素之一。正如Tacitus所寫的那樣，生活在公元14年的人，除了元首制外，不知道還有其他制度。要是他死得更早一些(比如公元前23年)，事情可能就大不一樣了。羅馬共和國寡頭政治時期的連年內(nèi)戰(zhàn)和奧古斯都的長壽，是羅馬由共和制轉(zhuǎn)為帝制的決定性因素。

　Augustus' own experience, his patience, his tact, and his political acumen also played their parts. He directed the future of the Empire down many lasting paths, from the existence of a standing professional army stationed at or near the frontiers, to the dynastic principle so often employed in the imperial succession, to the embellishment of the capital at the emperor's expense. Augustus' ultimate legacy was the peace and prosperity the Empire enjoyed for the next two centuries under the system he initiated.

　奧古斯都個人的城府、忍耐、手腕和他如日中天的政治聲望也起了一定作用。其制定了在很多方面影響了以后的帝國政策:維持常備軍并屯軍于邊，皇位的繼承原則與方式，使用皇帝的經(jīng)費(fèi)建設(shè)首都。其最重要的遺產(chǎn)是建立了能讓帝國在未來二百年維持和平與繁榮的制度。

　His memory was enshrined in the political ethos of the Imperial age as a paradigm of the good emperor. Every emperor of Rome adopted his name, Caesar Augustus, which gradually lost its character as a name and eventually became a title.

　在帝國時代，他的行為被奉為明君典范。雖然后世羅馬皇帝都襲用“凱撒·奧古斯都”的稱號，但只有少數(shù)人真正配得上。