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新概念第三冊(cè)課文及翻譯Lesson55

　　【課文】

　　Recent developments in astronomy have made it possible to detect planets in our won Milky Way and in other galaxies. This is a major achievement because, in relative terms, planets are very small and old not emit light. Finding planets is proving hard enough, but finding life on them will prove infinitely more difficult. The first question to answer is whether a planet can actually support life. In our won solar system, for example, Venus is far too hot and Mars is far too cold to support life. Only the Earth provides ideal conditions, and even here it has taken more than four billion years for plant and animal life to evolve.

　　Whether a planet can support life depends on the size and brightness of its star, that is its 'sun'. Imagine a star up to twenty times larger, brighter, brighter and hotter than our own sun. A planet would have to be a very long way from it to be capable of supporting life. Alternatively, if the star were small, the life-supporting planet would have to have a close orbit round it and also provide the perfect conditions for life forms to develop. But how would we find such a planet? At present, there is no telescope in existence that is capable of detecting the presence of life. The development of such a telescope will be one of the great astronomical projects of the twenty-first century.

　　It is impossible to look for life on another planet using earth-based telescopes. Our own warm atmosphere and the heat generated by the telescope would make it impossible to detect objects as small as planets. Even a telescope in orbit round the earth, like the very successful Hubble telescope, would not be suitable because of the dust particles iron solar system. A telescope would have to be as far away as the planet Jupiter to look for life in outer space, because the dust becomes thinner the further we travel towards the outer edges of our own solar system. Once we detected a planet, we would have to find a way of blotting out the light from its star, so that we would be able to 'see' the planet properly and analyze its atmosphere. In the first instance, we would be looking for plant life, rather than 'little green men'. The life forms most likely to develop on a planet would be bacteria. It is bacteria that have generated the oxygen we breathe on earth. For most of the earth's history they have been the only form of life on our planet. As Earth-dwellers, we always cherish the hope that we will be visited by little green men and that we will be able to communicate with them. But this hope is always in the realms of science fiction. If we were able to discover lowly forms of life like bacteria on another planet, it would completely change our view of ourselves. As Daniel Goldin of NASA observed, 'Finding life elsewhere would change everything. No human endeavor or thought would be unchanged by it."

　　【課文翻譯】

　　天文學(xué)方面新發(fā)展使得我們能夠在銀河系和其他星系發(fā)現(xiàn)行星。這是一個(gè)重要的成就，因?yàn)橄鄬?duì)來說，行星很小，而且也不發(fā)光。尋找行星證明相當(dāng)困難，但是要在行星上發(fā)現(xiàn)生命會(huì)變得無比艱難。第一個(gè)需要解答的問題是一顆行星是否有能夠維持生命的條件。舉例來說，在我們的太陽系里，對(duì)于生命來說，金星的溫度太高，而火星的溫度則太低。只有地球提供理想的條件，而即使在這里，植物和動(dòng)物的進(jìn)化也用了40億年的時(shí)間。

　　一顆行星是否能夠維持生命取決于它的恒星——即它的“太陽”——的大小和亮度。設(shè)想一下，一顆恒星比我們的太陽還要大，還要亮，還要熱20倍，那么一顆行星為了維持生命就要離開的它的恒星非常遠(yuǎn)。反之，如果恒星很小，維持生命的行星就要在離恒星很近的軌道上運(yùn)行，而且要有極好的條件才能使生命得以發(fā)展，但是，我們?nèi)绾尾拍苷业竭@樣一顆行星呢?現(xiàn)在，沒有一臺(tái)現(xiàn)存的望遠(yuǎn)鏡可以發(fā)現(xiàn)生命的存在。而開發(fā)這樣一臺(tái)望遠(yuǎn)鏡將會(huì)是21世紀(jì)天文學(xué)的一個(gè)重要的研究課題。

　　使用放置在地球上的望遠(yuǎn)鏡是無法觀察到其他行星的生命的。地球周圍溫暖的大氣層和望遠(yuǎn)鏡散出的熱量使得我們根本不可能找到比行星更小的物體。即使是一臺(tái)放置在圍繞地球的軌道上的望遠(yuǎn)鏡——如非常成功的哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡——也因?yàn)樘�陽系中的塵埃微粒而無法勝任。望遠(yuǎn)鏡要放置在木星那樣遙遠(yuǎn)的行星上才有可能在外層空間搜尋生命。因?yàn)槲覀冊(cè)绞墙咏�太陽系的邊緣，塵埃就越稀薄。一旦我們找到這樣一顆行星，我們就要想辦法將它的恒星射過來的光線遮暗，這樣我們就能徹底“看見”這顆行星，并分析它的大氣層。首先我們要尋找植物，而不是那種“小綠人”。行星上容易生存下來的是細(xì)菌。正是細(xì)菌生產(chǎn)出我們?cè)诘厍蛏虾粑�的氧氣。在地球上發(fā)展的大部分進(jìn)程中，細(xì)菌是地球上的生命形式。作為地球上的居民，我們總存有這樣的希望：小綠人來拜訪我們，而我們可以和他們交流。但是，這種希望總是只在科幻小說中存在。如果我們能夠在另一顆行星上找到諸如細(xì)菌的那種低等生命，那么這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)將徹底改變我們對(duì)我們自己的看法。正如美國國家航空和宇宙航空局的丹尼爾.戈?duì)柖≈赋龅摹霸谄渌�地方發(fā)現(xiàn)生命會(huì)改變一切。任何人類的努力和想法都會(huì)發(fā)生變化�！�

新概念第三冊(cè)課文及翻譯Lesson56

　　【課文】

　　The river which forms the eastern boundary of our farm has always played an important part in our lives. Without it we could not make a living. There is only enough spring water to supply the needs of the houses, so we have to pump from the river for farm use. We tell river all our secrets. We know instinctively, just as beekeepers with their bees, that misfortune might overtake us if the important events of our lives were not related to it.

　　We have special river birthday parties in the summer. Sometimes we go upstream to a favourite backwater, sometimes we have our party at the boathouse, which a predecessor of ours at the farm built in the meadow hard by the deepest pool for swimming and diving. In a heat wave we choose a midnight birthday party and that is the most exciting of all. We welcome the seasons by the riverside, crowning the youngest girl with flowers in the spring, holding a summer festival on Midsummer Eve, giving thanks for the harvest in the autumn, and throwing a holy wreath into the current in the winter.

　　After a long period of rain the river may overflow its banks. This is a rare occurrence as our climate seldom guest to extremes. We are lucky in that only the lower fields, which make up a very small proportion of our farm, are effected by flooding, but other farms are less favorably sited, and flooding can sometimes spell disaster for their owners.

　　One bad winter we watched the river creep up the lower meadows. All the cattle had been moved into stalls and we stood to lose little. We were, however, worried about our nearest neighbors, whose farm was low lying and who were newcomers to the district. As the floods had put the telephone out of order, we could not find out how they were managing. From an attic window we could get a sweeping view of the river where their land joined ours, and at the most critical juncture we took turns in watching that point. The first sign of disaster was a dead sheep floating down. Next came a horse, swimming bravely, but we were afraid that the strength of the current would prevent its landing anywhere before it became exhausted. Suddenly a raft appeared, looking rather like Noah's ark, carrying the whole family, a few hens, the dogs, cat, and bird in a cage. We realized that they must have become unduly frightened by the rising flood, for their house, which had sound foundations, would have stood stoutly even if it had been almost submerged. The men of our family waded down through our flooded meadows with boathooks, in the hope of being able to grapple a corner of the raft and pull it out of the current towards our bank. We still think it a miracle that they we able to do so.

　　【課文翻譯】

　　形成我們農(nóng)場東部邊界的一條河流一直在我們生活中發(fā)揮著重要作用。要是沒有這條河，我們就無法生存下去。泉水只能滿足家庭生活用水，因此我們必須從河里抽水以用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。我們向那條河傾訴我們的秘密。我們本能地懂得，就像養(yǎng)蜂人和他的蜜蜂那樣，要是我們不把生活中的重大的事件告訴那條河，就可能大禍臨頭。

　　夏天，我們?yōu)檫@條河舉辦特殊的生日宴會(huì)。有時(shí)，我們溯流而上來到我們喜愛的*河汊舉辦;有時(shí)在船塢舉辦。那船塢是農(nóng)場一位前輩在一塊草地上蓋的，草地緊挨著一個(gè)專供游泳、跳水的深水池。天氣炎熱時(shí)，我們便選擇在半夜舉辦生日聚會(huì)，這種聚會(huì)是令人激動(dòng)的。我們?cè)诤舆呌�接一年四季。春天在河邊為年輕的姑娘戴上花冠，夏天在河邊歡慶“仲夏前夜”，秋天在河邊豐收而感恩，冬天往河中拋撒一個(gè)冬表花環(huán)。

　　久雨這后，河水會(huì)泛濫成災(zāi)，但是在我們這里，氣候很少發(fā)生異常，河水極少泛濫。值得慶幸的是，只有低洼的受到洪水影響，而低洼地在我們農(nóng)場比例很小。其他農(nóng)場地勢欠佳，洪水有時(shí)會(huì)給農(nóng)場主帶來災(zāi)難。

　　有一年冬天，天氣不好，我們眼看著河水浸沒了地勢較低的草場。所有的牲口已提前轉(zhuǎn)移到畜圈里，沒有造成什么損失。不過，我們很為我們的近鄰擔(dān)心。他們的農(nóng)場地勢低洼，而且他們又新來乍到。由于洪水造成了電話中斷，我們無法了解他們情況。從頂樓窗口看去，我們農(nóng)場與他們農(nóng)場接壤處的那段河流一覽無余。在緊急的時(shí)刻，我們輪流監(jiān)視那段河流的險(xiǎn)情。災(zāi)難的第一跡象是一只死羊順流而下，接著一匹活馬勇敢地與水搏擊。但我們擔(dān)心，洪水力量將使它上岸之前就筋疲力盡了。突然，出現(xiàn)了一只筏子，看起來很像諾亞方舟，上面載著他們?nèi)�家老小，還有幾只母(又鳥)、幾只狗，一只貓與一只鳥籠，那里頭有一只小鳥。我們意識(shí)到他們一定是被不斷上漲的洪水嚇壞了。因?yàn)樗麄兊姆孔拥鼗�牢固，即使洪水幾乎滅頂也不�?huì)倒塌。我家的男人們手拿船篙過被水淹沒草場，希望能夠鉤住筏子一角，將它拽出激流，拖回岸邊。他們終于成功了。至今我們?nèi)哉J(rèn)為這是個(gè)奇跡。

新概念第三冊(cè)課文及翻譯Lesson57

　　【課文】

　　I stopped to let the car cool off and to study the map. I had expected to be near my objective by now, but everything still seemed alien to me. I was only five when my father had taken me abroad, and that we eighteen years ago. When my mother had died after a tragic accident, he did not quickly recover from the shock and loneliness. Everything around him was full of her presence, continually reopening the wound. So he decided to emigrate. In the new country he became absorbed in making a new life for the two of us, so that he gradually ceased to grieve. He did not marry again and I was brought up without a woman's care; but I lacked for nothing, for he was both father and mother to me. He always meant to go back on day, but not to stay. His roots and mine bad become too firmly embedded in the new land. But he wanted to see the old folk again and to visit my mother's grave. He became mortally ill a few months before we had planned to go and, when he knew that he was dying, he made me promise to go on my own.

　　I hired a car the day after landing and bought a comprehensive book of maps, which I found most helpful on the cross-country journey, but which I did not think I should need on the last stage. It was not that I actually remembered anything at all. But my father had described over and over again what we should see at every milestone, after leaving the nearest town, so that I was positive I should recognize it as familiar territory. Well, I had been wrong, for I was now lost.

　　I looked at the map and then at the millimeter. I had come ten miles since leaving the town, and at this point, according to my father, I should be looking at farms and cottages in a valley, with the spire of the church of our village showing in the far distance. I could see no valley, no farms, no cottages and no church spire -- only a lake. I decided that I must have taken a wrong turning somewhere. So I drove back to the town and began to retrace the route, taking frequent glances at the map. I landed up at the same corner. The curious thing was that the lake was not marked on the map. I left as if I had stumbled into a nightmare country, as you sometimes do in dreams. And, as in a nightmare, there was nobody in sight to help me. Fortunately for me, as I was wondering what to do next, there appeared on the horizon a man on horseback, riding in my direction. I waited till he came near, then I asked him the way to our old village. He said that there was now no village. I thought he must have misunderstood me, so I repeated its name. This time he pointed to the lake. The village no longer existed because it had been submerged, and all the valley too. The lake was not a natural one, but a man-made reservoir.

　　【課文翻譯】

　　我停下車，讓汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)冷卻一下，同時(shí)查看一下地圖。我本想離目的地已經(jīng)不遠(yuǎn)，但周圍一切對(duì)我仍很陌生。我5歲那年，父親就帶我出了國，那是18年前的事了。當(dāng)時(shí)我母親在事故中慘死，父親未能很快從悲痛與孤獨(dú)中恢復(fù)過來。他身邊的一切都是母親的影子不斷勾起他的傷感。于是他決定移居他國。在這個(gè)新的國家里，父親專心致志地為我們倆開創(chuàng)一種新的生活，慢慢地不傷心了。父親沒有再娶，因此，我在沒有母親的環(huán)境里長大成人。但我卻什么都不缺，他既當(dāng)父親又當(dāng)母親。他總想將來回國看看，但卻不愿長期住下去，因?yàn)樗�與我一樣已經(jīng)把根深深地扎在異國的土地上。 但是，他想看一看家鄉(xiāng)父老鄉(xiāng)親，為我的母親掃墓。就在他計(jì)劃回國的前幾個(gè)月，他突然身患絕癥。他知道自己已奄奄一息，于是他要我答應(yīng)一定單獨(dú)回故鄉(xiāng)一趟。

　　我下飛機(jī)后租了一輛車，并買了一本詳盡的地圖冊(cè)。在鄉(xiāng)間行車途中，我覺得它非常有用，但快到家了，我倒覺得它沒什么用了。這倒并非是我背熟了地圖，而是父親曾詳細(xì)給我講了，在過了離故鄉(xiāng)近的那個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)后，在每一個(gè)路標(biāo)處可見到些什么。因此，我相信這段路對(duì)我來說會(huì)是很熟悉的。唉，實(shí)際我錯(cuò)了，我現(xiàn)在迷路了。

　　我看了看地圖，又查了一下里程表。從小鎮(zhèn)出來，我走了10英里。照父親的說法，我面前應(yīng)是一個(gè)山谷，有農(nóng)場與村舍，還可遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)望見老家村子里的教堂的尖頂�？涩F(xiàn)在我卻看不出山谷，看不見農(nóng)舍，也看見教學(xué)尖頂，看見只是一片湖泊。我想一定是什么地方拐錯(cuò)了彎兒。于是我駕車返回小鎮(zhèn)，重新按路線行駛。結(jié)果又來到剛才那個(gè)拐彎處。奇怪的是那個(gè)湖沒有在地圖上標(biāo)出。我感到自己就像平時(shí)作夢那樣迷迷糊糊地闖進(jìn)了惡夢境地。就像在惡夢里一樣，見不到一個(gè)人可以幫助我。不過，我是幸運(yùn)的，正當(dāng)我走投無路之時(shí)，從天邊出現(xiàn)一個(gè)騎馬的人向我騎來。等他走近了，問他去老家的路。他說那村子已經(jīng)沒有了。我想他一定誤解了我的意思，于是又說一遍村莊的名字。這次他用手指了一下那個(gè)湖。村莊已不復(fù)存在，因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)為水所淹，山谷也被水淹沒了。這不是一個(gè)天然湖泊，是一座人工修建的水庫。